Some Simple Questions about Journey to the West

1. The Journey to the West showed rich social content in the form of myth, reflected the realistic social contradictions in a zigzag way, and showed the people's desire and demand to punish evil and promote good. The Monkey King embodies the people's strong desire to resist autocratic oppression, defeat the dark forces and conquer nature. The Monkey King's spirit of positive optimism and courage to struggle is an artistic summary of the long-term struggle life of the people of China, and it is the product of the combination of ideal and reality. As the opposite of the Monkey King, the world of God buddha magic was unjust, and the fatuity and violence of the Jade Emperor was the epitome of the feudal ruling class at that time. On the other hand, the evil spirits on the way to learn the scriptures reflect the common characteristics of the dark forces in society. It is because of this opposition that the Monkey King became a favorite hero. It is precisely because the book highlights the content of killing monsters that the purpose of learning from the scriptures is relegated to a secondary position and even symbolic. For the character of Tang Priest, the author is more critical than positive. He abided by religious beliefs and feudal etiquette, was pedantic and stubborn, and did not distinguish right from wrong, thus changing from a eulogized figure to an object of ridicule. This is also the difference between Journey to the West and the traditional story of learning from the scriptures. In addition, the book also depicts the image of Zhu Bajie, a small producer in society. He is simple and honest, hard-working, and never gives in in the struggle against the enemy. At the same time, he is greedy and lustful, unable to tell the enemy from me, jealous and not determined enough to fight. The author gave him banter and well-meaning criticism. It is through the different descriptions of different characters in the book that the author praises the fighting spirit of justice, fearlessness and courage, lashes the dark and evil forces, and warns people to recognize the essence through phenomena, be cruel to the enemy and do everything except evil. Therefore, this book has profound meaning and far-reaching practical significance.

2. Naughty, clever and scheming grandchildren; An old pig with a big belly and a life-threatening diet; Honest and honest, modest and prudent old sand; Sometimes soft-hearted, sometimes stubborn Tang priest. These lifelike characters have been deeply imprinted in my mind.

First of all, I want to talk about my understanding of Tang Priest, a figure who has been praised and criticized by people:

First: soft ears, no opinion. Take Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon as an example. Daughter, mother-in-law, and old people have all been changed for nothing. Tang Priest doesn't dispute the truth, and he can't be blamed. After all, it is not as bright as Wukong's eyes. But since Wukong has told the truth, and there is a line of words "Mrs. Bones" on the back of Bones, Tang Priest should believe Wukong. Bajie always likes to fight against Wukong and stir up trouble on the side. Sure enough, Tang Priest relented and believed Bajie. Wukong kept calling, "Master, stop reading! Stop reading! " It is chilling to hear that. Wukong climbed mountains and mountains to catch demons and exorcise them, and went through hardships with Tang Priest and his party. Tang Priest was confused, didn't know the truth, and kicked down the ladder. Second: Keep your word. In Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, the Tang Priest wrote a derogatory book as proof, and he didn't want Wukong to be his apprentice. I also made an amazing poison oath: "If I want you again in the future, I will go to hell and never live again!" A word from a gentleman is a lost cause, but when Huang Paoguai cast a spell to turn Tang Priest into a tiger, and Wukong came to the rescue, where was Tang Priest's oath? Tang Priest is only grateful and grateful, and his heart is more ashamed and surprised! It is far better to lose yourself and return to nature than to be stubborn. However, "be a teacher"! If I know today, why should I know? Fourth: Be opinionated. Take the practice of "seven demons in Pansidong" as an example. Tang Priest took the initiative to go to Hua Zhai, and his disciples coaxed him, but Tang Priest was stubborn, and as a result, it became a "family lunch" for the seven banshees, and Tang Priest regretted it with tears. But Tang Priest! Why is it always wise after the event?

Then the Monkey King way:

The Monkey King is the most glorious image in the book. "Noisy Heaven" highlights his spirit of loving freedom and daring to resist. "The spread of Western learning to the East" shows the spirit of eliminating evil by Si Qi, a wise man. After the Monkey King failed to make a scene in Heaven, he was released by the Tang Priest, and after 500 years of repression under the Five Elements Mountain, he went to the Western Heaven together. He is no longer the image of a rebel, but a hero who wears a tight hoop and a tiger skin skirt and is committed to lifting the magic disaster on earth. Perseverance and improvisation in the face of difficulties are the main characteristics of the Monkey King, the town demon killer.

Next is Pig Bajie:

The initial influence was laziness, which made the Monkey King scold and scold, and also brought a lot of trouble to the mentoring. During the time when the Monkey King was driven away, he was sleepy, which led Tang Priest to wander into the monster's cave. But sometimes, it is quite clever. On the way to invite the Monkey King, it used a stick, which was beyond my expectation. Besides, it is also very loyal. Although the Monkey King always scolds him at ordinary times, he also shed tears when the Monkey King was driven away, didn't he?

Finally, the sand monk said:

To tell the truth, this is his first impression. Others think it's nothing special. Compared with Zhu Bajie, he is more serious, willing to endure hardships and has no complaints.

Avalokitesvara chose four people, which is a perfect match. The Monkey King's skill is superb, Zhu Wu dares to struggle, Sha Wujing is simple and calm, Tang Priest has a kind heart, and his master and apprentice have gone through difficulties and obstacles, and finally they have achieved a positive result and become immortals and buddhas. I'm so happy for them!

The Monkey King listened, scratched his head and smiled happily. I can't help dancing. Suddenly, the ancestors saw it and shouted to the Monkey King, "Why did you dance wildly in class and didn't listen to me?" Wukong said, "The disciples are all listening attentively, and they are in heaven when they hear the wonderful voice of the teacher's father, so I am not so enthusiastic. I hope Master will forgive me! " The ancestor said, "Since you know the wonderful voice, let me ask you how long you stayed in the cave?" Wukong said, "I am ignorant. "I don't know how many seasons there are. I only remember that there is no fire under the stove, and I often go to the back hill to collect firewood. I saw a good peach tree on a mountain, where I ate enough peaches seven times. " "That mountain is called rotten peach mountain," said the ancestor. You ate it seven times, so it's been seven years. What are you going to learn from me today? "Wukong said," but according to Zunzu's teaching, I only learned a little. "

The founder said: "There are 360 doors in the word' Tao', and all doors have positive results. I don't know which subject you are studying? " Wukong said, "I respect my teacher. Disciples listen wholeheartedly. " The founder said, "How about I teach you a technique?" Wukong asked, "What do you mean by skill?" The ancestor said, "At the gate of calligraphy, we ask the immortals to help Luan and ask for divination, so that we can know the truth of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil." Wukong asked, "Can you live forever like this?" The founder said, "No! No! " Wukong said, "Don't learn! Don't learn! "

The founder added, "How about teaching you how to flow?" Wukong asked again, "What do you mean by flowing?" The founder said, "There are Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Mohism, doctors, or reading classics, or chanting Buddha, and sanctifying the truth." Wukong asked, "Can you live forever like this?" The founder said: "If you want to live forever, it's like' the wall grass'." Wukong said, "Master, I am an honest man, and I don't know what to call it in the local dialect. How do you call it' the pillar in the wall'? " The patriarch said, "When people build houses, they want to strengthen them. If they put a pillar in the middle of the wall, the building will collapse one day and he will rot. " Wukong said, "At this rate, it won't last long." . Don't learn! Don't learn! "The founder said," How about teaching you the way to be quiet? " Wukong asked, "what is the positive result in the quiet door?" "The founder said," This is about resting and guarding the valley, meditation, abstinence from words and fasting, or sleeping, or meritorious service and meditation. " Wukong asked, "Can you live forever like this? "The ancestor said," This is also like the adobe in the kiln head. " Wukong said with a smile, "Master is a little mellow. One line says I can't speak the local language. How do you call it' kiln head adobe'? " The ancestor said, "It's like a brick on the kiln head. Although it has been shaped, it has not been tempered by fire and water. Once it rains heavily, it will be abused. " Wukong said, "Not in the long run. Don't learn! Don't learn! "

The ancestor said, "How about teaching you how to move?" Wukong said, "What about the sliding door?" Grandfather said: "This is something to be done, such as taking yin to replenish yang, climbing a bow and stepping on a crossbow, rubbing the navel, cooking according to the formula, singeing and diced, adding red lead, refining and taking women's milk." Wukong said, "It seems that these people are going to live forever?" The ancestor said: "This kind of psychology of longing for longevity is like' fishing for the moon in water'." Wukong said, "Master is here again! How do you call it' fishing for the moon in the water'? " The ancestors said, "There is a moon in the sky and a shadow in the water. Although I saw it, I just had no place to touch it. In the end, it was just an empty ear. " Wukong said, "Don't learn either! Don't learn! "

Hearing this, the ancestor jumped off the platform with a ruler in his hand and designated Wukong: "You monkey, what are you waiting for if you don't learn this?" He stepped forward, hit Wukong on the head three times, put his hand behind his back, went in, closed the middle door and left the public. Everyone in the class was shocked. They all complained that Wukong said, "You Po Hou, you are so poor! Master taught you Tao, why didn't you learn it, but you talked back to Master? This hit him, I don't know when I can come out! " At this time, everyone is complaining about him and despising him. Wukong is not annoyed at all, just smiling. It turns out that the Monkey King has solved the mystery of the dish and kept it in his heart, so he didn't compete with everyone, just kept silent. The man who was beaten three times by his ancestors taught him to walk inside with his hands behind his back in the middle of the night. The people in Guanzhong Gate taught him to go through the back door and make progress, and the secret department taught him to preach to others.

On that day, Wukong, like others, liked to be happy. In front of Sanxingdui Fairy Cave, he was looking forward to the weather and couldn't wait until evening. But at dusk, I share a bed with everyone, pretending to sleep, resting and surviving. I didn't shoot that arrow again in the mountains. I don't know when I adjusted the air in and out of my nostrils. At about noon, I got up gently, got dressed, stole the front door, hid in front of everyone, and went out to look up. That is:

The sun, the moon, the Ming and the Qing dynasties are cold and extremely dust-free. Deep trees and secluded birds lodge, and water flows from the source.

Fly fluorescent scattered shadows, cross geese and row clouds. When you are upright, you should visit the truth. Watch him walk from the old road to the back door, only to see the door half open and half closed. Wukong said happily, "Master really paid attention to preaching with me, so the door opened." That is, he shuffled close, walked sideways into the door and only walked under his father's bed. Seeing his ancestors curled up, he fell asleep. Wukong did not dare to disturb, kneeling in front of the couch. The heads of the fathers came soon, spread his feet and said to himself:

"difficult! Difficult! Difficult! Tao is the most mysterious, don't take the elixir for granted.

Pass on the wonderful tips without meeting anyone. Wukong replied, "Master, I have been kneeling here for a long time. "The ancestor heard Wukong's voice, put on his clothes, sat down and shouted," This monkey! What are you doing behind me instead of sleeping in front? Wukong said, "Yesterday, Master promised everyone on the altar that he would teach his disciples to preach my truth through the back door in the middle of the night, so he boldly knelt down on Master's couch. The ancestor was very happy when he heard this and thought, "This guy is really made in heaven! Otherwise, why not solve the mystery of darkness on my plate? Wukong said, "There is no Liu Er here." "There is only one disciple here. Please be merciful and teach me the way of eternal life. Never forget your kindness! " The ancestors said, "You are predestined friends now, and I'm glad to say so. Now that you know the dark mystery on the plate, come closer and listen carefully. It will teach you the wonderful method of eternal life. "Wukong kowtowed and thanked him, washed his ears and knelt down under the couch. . Zu Shiyun:

"This is a wonderful strategy to show your secrets, but there is nothing to say about repairing your life.

Everyone is always full of energy, so be careful not to miss it.

Don't reveal it. Hide it in your body. I'll teach you.

Remembering the formula is more beneficial and refreshing.

The weather is cool and bright, so I can enjoy the bright moon in Dan Tai.

The moon hides the jade rabbit and the day hides the black, and the tortoise and snake have their own knots.

If you have a strong life, you can grow golden lotus in the fire.

The five elements are used upside down, and when they are used up, they are buddhas and immortals. "

At this time, the root of the story appeared, and Wukong was blessed. He remembered the recipe, thanked his ancestors and went out the back door to watch. But the sky in the east is slightly white, and the golden light in the west road is obvious. Go the same way, turn to the front door, push in gently, sit where you used to sleep, and shake the bed like this and say, "It's dawn! It's daylight! Yes! " The public is still sleeping, and I don't know what good things Wukong has. Get up on the same day, secretly maintain, and adjust interest rates before the children in the afternoon.

However, it was three years early, and my father returned to the throne and told the public. Talk about the metaphor of solving crimes, and talk about external appearances such as foreskin. Suddenly asked: "where is Wukong?" Wukong knelt down and said, "Disciple has." The ancestor asked, "What did you practice here?" Wukong said, "My disciples are quite familiar with Buddhism recently, and their foundation is getting stronger and stronger." The ancestor said, "since you know the law, you will get the root cause, and you also pay attention to your health, but you are only on guard against the' three evils'." After listening to this, Wukong pondered for a long time and said, "What Master said is ridiculous. I often hear people say that Gao Delong, whose life is the same as the sky, is in a state of fire and water, and he is not born with all diseases, but how can he be interested in the three disasters? " The founder said: "this is an extraordinary way: to seize the nature of heaven and earth and invade the mystery of the sun and the moon;" After Dan Cheng, ghosts and gods could not bear it. Although your life span is very long, 500 years later, when lightning strikes you, you need to be clear-headed and avoid in advance. If you can avoid it, you will be in harmony with the sky. If you can't avoid it, you will ignore it. In another 500 years, the fire will kill you. This fire is not a skyfire, nor is it an ordinary fire. It's called' Yin Fire'. Burning from its own Yongquan point, it goes straight through the mud palace, and the five internal organs become ashes, and the limbs rot, and the Millennium asceticism is illusory. In another 500 years, the hurricane will blow you away. This wind is not the southeast and northwest wind, nor the north wind with gold, nor the willow wind, and it is called' Ji wind'. Blow into the six fu-organs from the fontanel, cross the abdomen, pierce the nine orifices, and the flesh and blood will dissolve. So you have to hide. " Hearing this, Wukong's hair stood on end. "Master Wan is merciful," he kowtowed. "He taught me to avoid three disasters and did not dare to be ungrateful." The founder said: "it's not difficult, but you are different from others, so you can't pass it on." Wukong said, "I have a dome on my head and my feet are on the ground. Generally speaking, I have nine limbs and five internal organs Why am I different from others? " The ancestor said, "Although you are like a human, you have fewer cheeks than others." It turns out that the monkey has a lonely face, a sunken face and a sharp mouth. Wukong stretched out his hand and touched it. He smiled and said, "Master, it didn't work! Although I have few cheeks, there are many people. This vegetarian bag can also be folded. " The founder said, "What do you want to learn anyway?" There is a total number of days, 36 changes, a total number of days, 72 changes. Wukong said, "I'm going to travel thousands of miles to learn from a landowner." . "In that case," said the ancestor, "come forward and give you the recipe. "I whispered in my ear, and I don't know what wonderful method I said. The Monkey King knows everything and can't stop talking. At that time, he learned and practiced the formula, and learned it all in 72.

4.

The Jade Emperor in Journey to the West is a special emperor and a representative of the spirit of all things. It is the supreme of heaven and earth; It is a symbol of justice and honesty. No matter how big or small things are in heaven or on earth, you can sue the Jade Emperor. In order to maintain normal operation order and build a special system between heaven and earth, the Jade Emperor also has an unwritten but relatively complete legal system. Complaints in the sky and underground can generally be answered, and a special person is responsible for the investigation and handling. Therefore, the case acceptance rate of Jade Emperor can be said to be 100%. However, the jade emperor has a harsh side and a confused side when enforcing the law.

First, the jade emperor's strict law enforcement.

The jade emperor's strictness in law enforcement includes two aspects: strictness and clarity:

(A) the Jade Emperor's strict law enforcement

The jade emperor's strict law enforcement is his core. The jade emperor also knows that the rules are not strict. It is impossible to establish a special system of heaven and earth without strict systems and laws. The core tasks of the system and law are to maintain order, protect the weak, give them the space and power to live, and ensure that their lives and property are not infringed by human beings. This requires severely cracking down and punishing people and things that harm the interests of ordinary people, whether they are officials or gangsters. For example, the Jinghai Dragon King is a local official. In order to bet with the fortune teller, he took advantage of his power to increase rainfall and change the location of rainfall, which flooded the city and drowned countless people. Therefore, the Jade Emperor did not hesitate to condemn King Jinghe to death and sent Kevin·Z to interpret a dream. There are also gangsters such as "Bai Gujing" and "Ai Ye Hua Pi Bao Jing" who obstruct official duties, kidnap Tang Priest and even talk about killing Tang Priest. All these gangsters were condemned to death, and the Monkey King killed them. Secondly, the jade emperor's strictness lies in his strict counterfeiting in order to maintain normal order. For example, Liu Er's macaque essence, who is not a murderer, just grabbed the monk's shoulder and pretended to be the Tang Priest. This was a fraud of impersonating a public official, which had a very bad influence and was also killed by the Monkey King. In addition, there was scorpion essence, who knew that Tang Priest could not marry, but attracted Tang Priest with hue, and was also killed by the Monkey King. The above facts show that the Jade Emperor enforced the law strictly.

(2) The Jade Emperor's understanding of law enforcement

Besides strict law enforcement, the Jade Emperor also has a bright side. The so-called "bright" means that in the process of law enforcement, it is not treated equally, but treated differently according to the nature and consequences of the crime. Allow to turn over a new leaf, make meritorious deeds with sin, and don't kill with a stick. For example, the Tang Priest punished him for reincarnating as a monk in the East and chanting scriptures every day. For example, Pig Bajie, who was originally the Tianhe Water God and Marshal Tian Peng, played Xian 'e because he drank too much at the flat peach party. That is to say, if you commit the crime of molesting women, you will be punished by being reborn as a beast, and you are not allowed to associate with Xiane again. Another example is the predecessor of the sand monk, who was a general with a shutter door. Because he accidentally broke the glass lamp at the flat peach party, he was exiled to Liushahe. And Bai, who is the son of the Dragon King in the western ocean and extensive Jin Dynasty. Because he didn't listen to his father's education, he committed the crime of unfilial and was demoted to a white horse. These people (gods) make different mistakes and have different punishments. Later, these people (gods) were enlightened by the Bodhisattva, and on the way to learn from the scriptures, they United, made great achievements, and were rewarded. This is the "Ming" of the Jade Emperor.

Second, the jade emperor's law enforcement is chaotic.

When the jade emperor enforced the law, there was also a lake coating. This kind of confusion can be divided into two aspects: pretending to be oily, really confused:

(1) Playing the fool

The Jade Emperor violated the law against courtiers or their relatives and servants, turned a blind eye and pretended to be deaf. For example, the one-horned king is the mount of the old gentleman, and the lower bound of the green ox is harmful. Jinjiao and Yinjiao are young men who guard the gold and silver furnaces under the old gentleman. The yellow-robed troll is the chief wood wolf star in Twenty-eight Nights in the Bullfighting Palace. Huangmei Johnson is a boy who was with Huangmei before Maitreya. These people are all related to the minister of heaven. They disturb public order, oppress all kinds of people, and even kill people and cook Tang monks' meat for money. When the Monkey King was brought to justice, they were all rescued by their owners, mostly for the reason of taking them back for education, and the jade emperor knew all about these situations, because most of them were brought to court by the Monkey King, and the jade emperor personally sent courtiers to catch them. Just don't ask the result, as long as the Monkey King doesn't complain, forget it. This is knowing that he is protected, and he is also turning a blind eye and playing dumb.

(2) Really confused

If the jade emperor is forced to play dumb because of the relationship between monarch and minister, it may be understandable that this is a way to adjust the relationship between monarch and minister. But the Jade Emperor is really confused sometimes. What can best prove that the Jade Emperor is really confused is that Journey to the West punished Fengxian for not raining for three years. The reason, in the words of the Jade Emperor, is that "on December 25th three years ago, that fellow traveled and watched ten thousand days, floating in three realms and driving to one place. It was that official who was unkind and lent food to the dog and made an offensive remark. " This is actually because the jade emperor went to the local inspection work, and Hou Shanggong in Fengxian County was disrespectful and committed the crime of disrespect. However, whether the crime of disrespect is beheading, imprisonment, dismissal, demotion or fine has not been clearly defined since ancient times. Naturally, it was up to the jade emperor to decide, but the jade emperor did not find out the reason for the disrespectful reception at Houshang Palace, nor did he punish Shangguan Zheng himself, but it did not rain for three years. So that there is no water in the well, no water at the bottom of the spring, the rich room can talk about life, and the poor can hardly survive. In the end, it is the elderly who suffer. This is the real confusion of the Jade Emperor, which mainly lies in: 1. The object of punishment is wrong. Even if it is to be punished, it is only to punish the county magistrate, which has nothing to do with the people, because the people do not know; Second, there is no company, and third, what should be paid has been paid. 2. Improper punishment. Taking the road of no rain punished the county magistrate and the people, but the poverty of the people also hurt the jade emperor's own face. 3. The purpose of punishment is unknown. The jade emperor's punishment for Fengxian was neither public nor explicit, but operated in secret, until the magistrate and Fengxian people didn't know what the reason was and the magistrate didn't know what crime he had committed. I didn't find out until the Monkey King went to school. Therefore, it did not play a real educational purpose and replaced punishment with punishment.

Due to the ignorance of the jade emperor's law enforcement, the Tang Priest's difficulties and obstacles on his way to learn from the scriptures were increased, and monsters, gangsters and so on were beaten repeatedly. It can't be said that it has nothing to do with the jade emperor's lack of law enforcement.