The common sense of ancient culture in China is related to history.

1. Accumulation of common sense of important ancient cultures in the history of college entrance examination, such as Yin-Yang and Five Elements, heavenly stems and earthly branches, etc.

This belongs to the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and belongs to the astronomical calendar, because in ancient times, the branch-by-branch memorial method was used, and of course it is still used now. The zodiac is the correspondence of the twelve branches.

(It's a pity that many villains in modern times cheat people with this fortune telling. ) The Five Elements is China's ancient material view. Mostly used in philosophy, Chinese medicine and divination.

The five elements refer to: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It is believed that nature is composed of five elements, and with the rise and fall of these five elements, nature changes, which not only affects people's fate, but also makes everything in the universe circulate endlessly.

According to the theory of five elements, everything in the universe is composed of the movement and change of five basic substances: wood, fire, earth, gold and water. It emphasizes the whole concept and describes the structural relationship and movement form of things.

If Yin and Yang are an ancient theory of unity of opposites, the five elements can be said to be a primitive general system theory. What are the five elements recorded in China's ancient philosophy? The five elements are the basic elements of everything in the universe. They are gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and they are related.

Five elements coexist: Jinshui, aquatic wood, Muhuo, Huotu and Primary Gold. The five elements coexist: Jin Kemu, Muketu, Tuke water, water, fire and fire, and gold.

The attributes of the five elements-wood, fire, earth, gold and water are as follows: gorgeous wood and elegant personality. Wood stands for benevolence, meaning love and good deeds.

Impatience and self-esteem The representative ceremony of fire is to be modest and prudent, to respect, and not to bully the weak and be afraid of the hard.

Earth-gentle and honest temperament, but confidence in an earthy letter means honesty, gentleness and sincerity.

Kim-strong-willed, self-respecting and self-respecting. Gold stands for righteousness, that is, advocating good and abandoning evil, and everything is reasonable.

Water people are smart and can guess things. Wateriness represents wisdom, that is, careful observation of things, precursor prediction of anything, and good at business tactics.

It can also be said that benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are the five permanent members. The five elements of traditional Chinese medicine interact with each other, showing the five internal organs: wood is the liver; Fire is the heart; Soil is spleen; Gold is the lung; Water is the kidney.

Five colors: wood represents cyan; Fire represents red; Earth represents yellow; Gold represents white; Water represents black. The five elements are born, born, born, born, born, born, born. The five elements are' mutual birth' and' mutual birth'.

"Five elements are born together" refers to common prosperity, and common prosperity refers to generations and education, and "five elements resist, fight and balance each other". According to the cosmic magnetic field, it used to be a piece of Wang Yang sea (water). Plants (wood) were born in the ocean, and then land (soil) was gradually formed under the irradiation of the sun (fire). Iron minerals (gold) were found on land, and then iron was extracted from iron ore to make water jars.

This is the natural aquatic wood → wood fire → fire born soil → natural gold → gold born water. Trees (trees) must be planted on bare land, and the soil will not be lost when heavy rain comes. When heavy rain will cause floods, it is necessary to build a wall with soil to defend the home (water). In ancient times, a large water tank was placed in front of the house to prepare water in case of fire when it rained. In order to defend our homeland and cook at home, we need knives, guns and axes, so we need to extract stubborn iron (gold).

After the creation of the universe, there must be checks and balances, although there are mutual influences. For example, water will make trees grow, soil will be lost, and wood will destroy soil according to the principle of' Mutuke', which is the state of natural circulation. Heavenly stems and earthly branches, referred to as "dry branch".

In the ancient calendar of China, A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui were called "ten heavenly stems", while Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai were called "twelve earthly branches". Ten branches and twelve branches are matched in turn to form sixty basic units, and they cooperate with each other in a fixed order to form branches and branches.

Judging from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, in ancient China, the trunk and branch were mainly used to record the days, as well as the months, years and hours. Heavenly stems and earthly branches heavenly stems and earthly branches was born in the Han Dynasty. It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year, not the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches and heavenly stems and earthly branches are called "main branches" for short. According to etymology, the meaning of "trunk" is taken from the "trunk" of trees.

Ten-day stems: A (ji ǐ), B (yǐ), C (bǐng), D(Dǐng), E (w ǐ), J (jǐ), G (G ǜ ng), Xin (xǐn). Twelve earthly branches: Zi (zǐ), chou (Chou), Yin (yín), Mao (m ǐ o), Chen (chén), Si (s), Wu (), Wei (wèi) and Shen (shēn). Ugly: cattle; Yin: tiger; Thumb: rabbit; Chen: Dragon; Rudder: snake; Afternoon: horse; No: sheep; Shen: Monkey; Hey: chicken; Hey: dog; H: pigs. )。

As early as 2697 BC, Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of China, established the People's Republic of China (PRC), and he was ordered to explore the spirit of heaven and earth and the five elements (fire, water and earth in Jin Mu), which originated from A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Ke, Xin, Ren and Gui, as well as Zi (zǐ), Ugly (chǐu) and Zi (ch ǐ u). According to the records in Five Elements of Justice, the main branches and branches were created after great efforts.

Big scraping "takes the five elements of love and builds it with a bucket machine." Party A and Party B use the name of the day as the basis, and the name of the month as the basis. There is something in the sky that uses the sky, and there is something in the ground that uses the moon.

Yin and Yang are different, so it is a famous branch. Heavenly stems and earthly branches: In the China calendar, the time for the moon to orbit the earth once (29.5306 days) is January, and the time for the earth to orbit the sun once (365.438+09 days) is one year. In order to make the average number of days in a year consistent with the number of days in the Tropic of Capricorn, a leap month was set up.

According to records, in the 6th century BC, China began to coordinate the lunar calendar with the solar calendar by the method of 19. Heavenly stems and earthly branches is a symbol designed by the ancients to facilitate the 60-digit system when building calendars.

For ancient China people, the existence of heavenly stems and earthly branches was as simple as a number.

2. Is there any connection between language and history?

There must be a connection. It stands to reason that literature and history are indistinguishable. If we say that the closest connection is the common sense of classical Chinese reading in Chinese studies and medieval culture.

In the common sense of ancient culture, there are often four options for you to distinguish which is wrong. For example, chestnuts: We will learn from Bo Ya and Guan Zhong in history. If you know them well enough, you can see at a glance that the title "Brother Rank: Uncle Zhong Ji" is correct when you do cultural common sense questions. Let me give you another example that impressed me deeply: I like reading "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty" written by Yue Ming. I read a passage every day, but I can't forget it. After the book was rolled up, the students said that classical Chinese was too difficult for me to understand anything. Just because I read this book, reading this classical Chinese is like reading the vernacular.

20 18 before the college entrance examination, I went to Jia Yi's former residence to relax. As a result, I got the classical Chinese about Jia Yi in the college entrance examination this year, because I learned a lot about my life, articles and so on by visiting my former residence, so ... Hee hee has more to do with your composition, and you know more about history. You will feel that your realm is very different, and often reading the materials given in the composition will open up many other perspectives. In history, Emperor Taizong said, "Take history as a mirror and you can know the rise and fall." "China on Qin Shu" said: "Future generations mourn it without learning it, and it also makes future generations mourn it." These two arguments can be combined into your Chinese argumentative essay.

Another example: nowadays, it is often a task-driven composition, and the materials will generally be given to xxx that is happening now. Some people say xxxx, others think xxxx. How does this make you think? Please write a composition about it.

Think about the historical figures in ancient China, such as the Confucian Laozi's Doctrine of the Mean (The Analects of Confucius). Can it be used as the topic of your composition? Others write I think xxx is right /xxx is wrong, and you write The Doctrine of the Mean at once. In addition, after you know many historical figures, they all become the material of your composition. When you demonstrate your essay argument, you can often cite the deeds of historical figures to add luster to your argument, which not only shows your cultural accomplishment, but also improves your logic and makes it rigorous.

My own experience and suggestions, I hope to help you.

3. How to test the common sense of Chinese ancient culture in the college entrance examination?

China ancient culture common sense summary of the college entrance examination, hoping to help everyone!

First of all, this person's title

There are roughly three situations of calling people by their first names: (1) claiming their first names or calling them by their first names. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter".

The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names. Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping was Qu Yuan, Sima Qian was Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming was Tao Liangyuan, Li Bai was Li Taibai, Du Fu was Du Zimei, Han Yu was Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan was Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu was Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang was.

Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself. Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Tao Qian No.5.

In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong. Calling Qin Gui a traitor is a kind of "evil death".

Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai is called Mr. Bao and Mr. Bao because of his name. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).

According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he is called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren." The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu.

Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli. For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County.

It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu. In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his soldiers wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his soldiers to make a big light". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.

The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title. Meihualing and He Qin

Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place. Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection.

Also known as "You Bao Chan" and "Simin Luling".

Modesty (1) expresses a modest attitude and is used to claim. Fool, modestly calling himself not smart. Despicable and modest, claiming to have little knowledge. We humbly call ourselves or our things bad. Humble, call yourself humble. Stealing means privately, privately, and it often means bold and abrupt when used. I humbly declare that I am not as tall as the other person. Servant, humbly calling himself the servant of the other party, uses it to mean serving the other party.

4. Ask for an 800-word essay on ancient culture.

Huxiang culture refers to a historical and cultural form with distinctive characteristics, relative stability and inheritance.

Huxiang culture in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties should be incorporated into another historical and cultural form-Chu culture. Qu Yuan's poetic art and Mawangdui's historical relics have distinct Chu cultural characteristics.

Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to historical changes and development, especially after several large-scale immigrants in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Huxiang scholars have undergone important changes in population, customs, fashion, ideas and concepts, thus combining and constructing a new regional cultural form, which is called Huxiang culture. Chu culture in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties has an important influence on Huxiang culture constructed after the Song Dynasty, and it is one of the sources of Huxiang culture.

Huxiang culture is a regional culture. Hunan people who live in it are all deeply influenced by her, baptized by her and branded with her mark from head to toe and from inside to outside.

For many people in Hunan, they are proud of the profound heritage of this culture. It is precisely because of the influence of this culture that those Hunan talents who have traveled all over the world can deduce their brilliant lives and be admired by the world. In this sense, Huxiang culture has surpassed her region and become a culture of concern to China and even the world.

"The Central Plains culture moved south, and under the background of the cultural center moving south, Hunan became a province with Confucian culture as its orthodoxy, which was called' Xiaoxiang Bamboo Silk' and' Man Jing Zou Lu' by scholars; Local culture before Tang and Song Dynasties, including Jingchu culture. These two origins affect two levels of Huxiang culture respectively.

On the ideological and academic level, Confucianism in the Central Plains is the source of Huxiang culture, and the plaque of "Daonan Zhengmai" hanging in the lecture hall of Yuelu Academy shows the Confucian orthodoxy represented by Huxiang culture. From the social and psychological level, such as the folk customs and psychological characteristics of Huxiang, it mainly stems from the local cultural traditions.

These two completely different cultures regrouped and formed a unique regional culture. Therefore, by studying Huxiang scholars, we can find the orthodox characteristics of Confucianism in Huxiang culture. Whether Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Nanxuan, Wang Chuanshan or Zeng Guofan, their academic thoughts and pursuits are all aimed at orthodox Confucianism and Mencius. Those who study Hunan people will feel the strong and stubborn character of Jingchushan people.

Of course, these two cultural combinations are interpenetrating: Xiang Xuehai's academic thoughts always reveal Ren Xiang's strong, pragmatic and enterprising style and fighting spirit, while Ren Xiang's personality traits are cultivated by Confucian moral spirit, so he can show a kind of personality charm and spiritual sublimation. For example, Zeng Guofan's pursuit of "blood honesty" and "light" in personality cultivation often makes us realize the beauty of this dual cultural combination. The thoughts of "honesty" and "Ming" both come from Confucian classics and Confucian scholars' pursuit of personality perfection; The two concepts of "blood" and "force" are clearly surging with the blood of Jingchu barbarians! Including the Xiang army formed by Zeng Guofan, whose members are mainly mountain people on Hunan land. Zeng Guofan not only took a fancy to their straightforward and vigorous Hunan character, but also asked them to learn Confucian morality and cultural accomplishment, which reflected his conscious use of this dual cultural combination.

Triple evolution and the causes of Huxiang culture. Huxiang culture was formed after the Song Dynasty.

Historically, Hunan "has great rivers in the north, thin mountains and five mountains in the south, and Guizhou and Sichuan in the west." It is a fascinating place that has not been touched by the Central Plains people. Then, how did Huxiang culture, with the Central Plains culture as its main source, form in this "land of four blockades"? China culture experienced three great changes in Song Dynasty, which played a vital role in the rise of Huxiang culture.

Following the pre-Qin, Han Confucian Classics, Wei-Jin Metaphysics and Sui-Tang Buddhism, the Neo-Confucianism cultural trend of thought rose in the Song Dynasty. As a new cultural trend of thought, the main feature of Neo-Confucianism lies in the synthesis of traditional ideology and culture.

Under the banner of reviving Confucianism, it requires reinterpreting Confucian classics in the new historical period in order to revitalize Confucian culture. On the other hand, it absorbs and synthesizes the universal philosophy and thinking method of Buddhism and Taoism, and supplements it to Confucianism, making Confucianism develop into an ideological system with profound philosophy.

Because Neo-Confucianism can revitalize and develop Confucianism and meet the needs of the late feudal society in China, it soon became a dominant ideology until the late Qing Dynasty. Before Wei and Jin Dynasties, the political, economic and cultural centers of China were all in the north.

The Central Plains culture, which represents the main body of China culture, originated in the north. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, China's economic center of gravity began to move south, and so did its culture. Especially, due to the constant worries of some nomadic people in the north, there appeared the Yongjia Rebellion in Jin Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty and the Jingkang Rebellion in Song Dynasty, which led to the constant wars in the Central Plains and forced the Central Plains people to go south in succession.

As a result, the position of the north, which has always been the political, economic and cultural center of China, began to decline, while the south gradually rose in economic and cultural aspects. By the Song Dynasty, the economy and culture of the south had been very developed, surpassing that of the north.

Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty after the Jingkang Rebellion, famous literati engaged in cultural and educational activities in the south, and Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and other provinces became the most culturally developed places, producing many famous schools and establishing many famous academies. An important academic phenomenon in China Song Dynasty is that Confucianism evolved into a regional school with local characteristics and historical inheritance, which is called "Confucianism localization".

Confucianism was also in its heyday in the Han Dynasty, but the opportunity for its prosperity was that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and Confucianism in the Han Dynasty became a top-down national ideology. Fundamentally speaking, Confucianism in Han Dynasty is a unified Confucianism.

The ideological trend of reviving Confucianism in Song Dynasty is a bottom-up academic and cultural ideological trend, which mainly carries out academic research and dissemination through local academies instead of central or local official schools. Groups of neo-Confucian scholars who are determined to revive Confucian beliefs and rebuild Confucian knowledge system gather in different academies in various regions to concentrate on writing and giving lectures.

As a result, regional schools with academic traditions and ideological characteristics have been formed. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Zhou Dunyi's Learning, Zhang Zaizhi's Learning, and Er Cheng's Learning. Here we are.