When was Nine Chapters Arithmetic written?

Written in 1 century at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Liu Hui commented on "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" in Wei and Jin Dynasties, saying: "The Duke of Zhou made a ceremony, and there were nine numbers, while nine chapters were a ceremony." He also said, "Zhang Cang, Hou Peiping in Han Dynasty, and Geng Shouchang, a senior farmer, all made good use of fortune telling. Because of the remnants of old texts, Cang and others each called it deletion and supplement, so the purpose of the school is different from ancient times or today, and the theory is closer. "

According to textual research, Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in the Western Han Dynasty have made supplements. The final edition was written at the latest in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but its basic content was basically finalized in the late years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are only two kinds of mathematics books recorded in Han Shu Literature and Art Annals (written by Ban Gu according to Liu Xin's Seven Views): Xu Shang Arithmetic and Du Zhong Arithmetic, but there is no Nine Chapters Arithmetic, so it can be seen that Nine Chapters Arithmetic appeared later than Seven Views. The Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty records that his grandnephew Ma Xu was "well-read and good at arithmetic in nine chapters" and was born in the last two or three decades of 1 century. According to the official names and place names in Nine Chapters Arithmetic, it can be inferred that the modern version of Nine Chapters Arithmetic was written in the second half of 1 century.