What does the funeral coffin in Northeast China mean?

Today, we will talk about the funeral customs in Northeast China. In the northeast, funeral customs are similar. Northeast China is mainly the Manchu and Han nationalities who have been to Guandong, and the funeral folk custom belongs to the special folk custom of the integration of Manchu and Han. This paper mainly tells the significance and production of coffin in funeral in Northeast China.

/380 12 13 FB 80 e 7 bec 4 be 76328242 EB 9389 b 506 b 3d？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Fan Ling, also known as "Bao Fan Lou Gai", occupies an important position in funeral folklore in Northeast China. From the production of the coffin, we can identify whether the deceased is male or female, whether there are children, whether there are women, whether there are short-lived sons and so on. And we can also see whether the spouse of the deceased has passed away. At the funeral, the descendants of the deceased hold the coffin and lead the way in front of it, which is an important symbol of the funeral. After the dutiful son hits the coffin, it has two meanings. First, the deceased set off on the road and slept underground; Second, the dutiful son guides the dead not to get lost and die safely. However, there are also strict requirements on who will carry out the logistics work. This is the embodiment of China's hierarchical system for thousands of years. Coffins are made of white paper, which is an important paper-cut content in the funeral process in Northeast China. Of course, the production of coffins also has special requirements and is not the same. What kind of dead people make what kind of coffins. Making coffins is one of the work contents of organizing and guiding the funeral folk custom "Yin-Yang Master", and it is also a sign to show the level of Yin-Yang Master.

First, make tools. The coffin is cut out with scissors, which belongs to the art of funeral folk scissors. Scissors have special requirements and are tied with red cloth strips. In China's ancient times and Yi-ology, red has the meaning of collecting evil spirits and blocking evil spirits. There are still examples in the marriage customs of modern northeast cities. When you get married, the well in the new house community should be covered with red paper. If the scissors for making tools are accidentally left in the family who lost their loved ones, that is, the owner, Mr. Yin and I will not pick them up. Because the master of Yin and Yang went to hold a funeral for his master, if he came to the door for the second time, he would think there was another funeral in folk customs.

/e 6 1 190 ef 76 c 6 a 7 EFE 3 bcc 9 eff 6 faaf 5 1 f2de 6664？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 There are six chains hanging on the coffin, which means to lead the dead to the western celestial world. Six chains also mean to escort the dead, to prevent the dead from coveting the wealth of the world and missing their children and unwilling to leave. In ancient China, there was an idea that dust returns to dust, and soil returns to soil. The dead ascend to heaven, the living are safe, and the dead are prayed for early birth. Think that everything in the world has a destiny, and there can be no selfishness. Therefore, the six chains also have the meaning of the wheel of karma and the six divisions.

/d 50735 FAE 6 CD 7 b 89 1 bb 65 b4a 042442 a7d 8330 e 24？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85 III。 Lianhuading The lotus top is the supporting point of the coffin, and the lotus petals represent eight directions respectively, which also reflects the eight diagrams in the Book of Changes. The top of the banner is in the shape of lotus petals, which also reflects the children's wish that their father or mother can become immortal and bless future generations. There are six chain banners and three main banners hanging at the top of the banner, which are called treasure banners. Those who have no children or daughters only use the treasure flag, also known as the homeless flag. There are mainly three banners, the one in the middle, which many people pay attention to. This is also a sign to test the teacher of Yin and Yang. The ribbon in the middle is cut round by the man and square by the woman, that is, the sky is round. Men cut circles with odd numbers, that is, nine circles, and women cut squares with even numbers, that is, ten squares. This is men's singles and women's doubles, which reflects the feudal society, and the status of men is higher than that of women.

/9a 504 fc2d 5628535 C2 d9 B2 e 89 bef 76 c 6 a 7 ef 6339？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 There are mainly three banners, two on the left and right, which read: "Golden boy leads the way, jade girl sends the west" respectively, and then lead the dead. In addition, the writing of the coffin is also very particular, using the writing of the zodiac. Zodiac gods are longevity, bathing, crown belt, temporary official, emperor flourishing, decline, illness, death, tomb, extinction, embryo and nourishment. Fan Ling wrote a formula, that is, life is prosperous, death is unique, also known as life is prosperous, and the tomb is unique. It is auspicious that the number of words of male complications catch up with the word "Sheng" and that of female complications catch up with the word "Wang". Fan Ling is known as the "rice-covered floor" in the folk custom field, and it is known as the blooming wealth to cut hexagonal flower patterns and big money patterns under the banner of the three masters. On the ground floor, men cut their heads and women cut their notches. Men and women together are a square, which embodies the integration of men and women.

/95 eef 0 1 F3 a 292 df5d 859 cdd CB 73 15c 6035 a 87364？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85 V. Building。 This picture is the part of the coffin "building", which represents the son, that is, the deceased has a son to have a building, and the deceased has no son, so there is no such part. In addition, we have to cut eight diagrams and dry Kun, male dry Kun and female cut Kun, which is a complete banner of eight diagrams and Qian Lian. Architecture is the core part of the coffin, and there is also a saying of building a coffin in Buddhism. This building is cut from a square piece of white paper. In the process of cutting, the white paper faces down and the reverse side faces up. After cutting, turn it over and buckle it on the treasure flag. The pronunciation of "Fan" and "Fan" is the same, and they are both phonetic puns, which is the unique feature of Chinese characters in China.

/8d 5494 eef 0 1f3a 29 1bf 1b 5079225 BC 3 15c 607 c 39？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85 VI。 Ceiling cover. The smallpox treasure cover represents the daughter, that is, the dead have a daughter cover when they die, and the dead have no daughter, so there is no such part. Similarly, the male cover is round and the female cover is square. There is a big money pattern in the middle of the cover, which means that there is money from heaven after death. There are four flower patterns around the cover, and the flowers represent the daughter. The fringe pattern is cut on the outermost side of the treasure cover, which is a symbol of good luck of the Chinese nation.

/eac4 b 74543 a 982266 f 1 B4 aee 8 182 b 90 14b 90 EB 25？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 Seven. Tap and handle. Is the faucet pole wrapped with white sorghum pole? Son. White? Son represents filial piety. If only one of the two couples dies, Bai? Children only pack half of sorghum stalks, indicating that the children of the deceased have only done half of their filial piety, and the remaining half are not filial; What if both husband and wife are dead? Children are wrapped in their butts, and there is a place to catch sorghum stalks in their butts. The folk call it "grabbing", which means that children have done their filial piety to their parents and caught them all. What if some of his sons died young or short-lived before the death of the deceased? Staying for a short time as a child means that his son didn't do his duty for him. When the house grows short-lived, it stays on the sorghum stalk; If the house is short, it will stay in the middle; If the house is short-lived, keep it slightly lower. Is the sorghum stalk wrapped in white? Later, it was folded twice at the top, tied with hemp rope and folded into a faucet shape, similar to the ceremonial ceremony of the ancient emperor. Now in Taoism. In practice, Taoist flags with "dragon heads and flags" are still used.

/9358d 109 B3 de 9 c 8296589946678 1800 a 19d 8433d？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, and q _ 85 are still used in modern funeral customs in northeast China, which has an irreplaceable and indispensable position. However, with the passage of history, the coffins of urban funeral parlours are mostly made of printing and canvas, losing the original paper-cutting art and culture.

/b 03533 fa 828 ba 6 1 EFA 74 a 9 e 64 a 34970 a 3 14e 5964？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 There are three reasons for this. One is the change of family structure. Since the implementation of the family planning policy, most of them are now only-child families. With the opening of their minds, some families appeared. Secondly, there are mistakes in the way of inheritance. In the era of underdeveloped economy, people's ideas are still relatively bound and the concept of knowledge sharing is relatively weak. Therefore, the skills of Yin and Yang teachers are basically handed down from family, and they are not disclosed to the public, and they are basically based on agriculture. Mr. Yin Yang is a full-time professional with extra income and part-time job. However, in today's materialistic society, Yin and Yang teachers have become the main means of profit, earning a lot of money. Some people don't carry on the family line, but become monks halfway. Third, the concept of folk customs has faded. In order to save time, some Yin and Yang teachers gave up making coffins and printed them on canvas sold in the market, while some residents living in the northeast knew nothing about funeral customs and could not supervise Yin and Yang teachers well. Many factors led to the gradual weakening of coffins, and the original paper coffins gradually walked out of folk customs. This situation basically does not exist in rural areas. Rural customs are more traditional and formal, with strict procedures. Unless it is a special case, it is impossible to achieve strict procedures and simplify a certain part or detail.