Brief introduction of Mianchi

Mianchi is an ancient pool name. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in the Notes on Water Classics: "There is Xiong 'er Mountain in the north of Luoshui and a pool in the mountains, which is called Mianchi in the world. "The History of Music in the Northern Song Dynasty Taiping Yuhuan" contains: "Mianchi, the name of the old city, is in the land of Qin and Zhao." Cai Shen's Notes on Gong Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Moo is a' fish' and also a water bug (that is, a golden frog, also known as a native duck). There is a pool in the west of the city, which is born by water injection and is named Mianchi. "Mianchi has a history of more than 2,300 years.

According to historical records, Mianchi, called Naichi in ancient times, is the border town of Luodu. Pengchi in the Western Han Dynasty, Mianchi in the Three Kingdoms, Shanting in Xin Mang, Tianchi in the Tang Dynasty, Shaozhou in the Jin Dynasty, Mianchi and Mianchi in the Jin Dynasty. The names are different, and the covers are based on each other.

As for where Mianchi is, there are different opinions. "Water Classic Note" said: "There is Xiong 'er Mountain in the north of Luoshui ... There is a pool in the mountain, the water flows to the southeast, and there is a pool on the water side, which is called Mianchi in the world. "But Volume 16 says:" Today, the valley water flows out of Yanggu, out of Matou Valley in the east, and flows through Mianchi River in the northeast. "Although the above records are from the same book, from the perspective of two theories, Mianchi does not belong to the same place. Xiong 'er Mountain is located in the southwest of Mianchi County (now Xilicun Township, Shaanxi County). There is a water source next to Xili Village at the foot of the mountain, which is called Xi Du Water in the water mirror. The water flows southeast through Yiyang and into Luohe. While the valley water originates from Yanggu in Ximatou Valley in Mianchi County (near Duanyan and Zhang Cun in Shaanxi County). This water flows into Jianshui in the northeast, running through the whole Mianchi, and then flows eastward through Xin 'an injection in Luohe. Judging from the landform of Mianchi County, there are Shaoshan in the north and hills in the south, and the north and south mountains run through the whole thing, forming a long and narrow Sichuan land with high north and low middle. This river is called Mianchi River in water mirror. As the name implies, there is Mianchi in Sichuan, hence the name. In Mianchi County, there are still names such as Tianchi, Dachi, Dachiwa, Xiaochiwa and Xidi. Judging from these place names with the word "pool", it used to be a low-lying swamp in ancient times.

As for where the ancient Mianchi is in Mianchi River, Taiping Universe said: "Mianchi, the name of the ancient pond, is where Qin and Zhao met." "Yu Gong Zhu" said: "There is a pool in the west of the city." The second said that the first said that the orientation of ancient cockroaches was in the west of the city; On the other hand, the specific location is the location where the alliance will be held. As for the land, the world is called "Juli City" (named because it is beneficial to both Qin and Zhao). According to Li Jifu's Map of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, "two hundred steps south to the county and two cities east to Qin and Zhao are all profitable cities. Dongcheng is in the west of the county, and Xicheng is in the west of the county. Yesterday Qin and Zhao met in Mianchi. " According to Mianchi County Records: "There is a village named Zhucheng, the ancient city, more than ten miles west of the county seat." Zhucheng Village has two sites, Dongcheng and Xicheng. Dongcheng: Zhao Cheng; Xicheng said: Qin Cheng. Tiles and other building materials from the Warring States period are often found in the ruins. Near its city site, there are ancient place names such as Luban (now Nanban), Pond Bottom, and Alliance Station. Therefore, the land of ancient Mianchi should be in Xidi Township, west of Mianchi County.

Mianchi County is located in the west of Henan Province, with geographical coordinates from1133' to112 01'and 34 36' to 35 05' north latitude. Yima city is adjacent to Xin 'an County in the east, Shaanxi County in the west, Luoning County and Yiyang County in the south, and Yuanqu County, Xiaxian County and Pinglu County across the river in the north. It is 43.5 kilometers wide from east to west and 52.8 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 142 1 square kilometer. The county seat is 0/70km away from Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, and 300km away from Xi 'an.

Mianchi County governs five towns, namely Chengguan, Hao Ying, Zhang Cun, Hongyang and Tianchi, and seven townships, namely Yangshao, Rencun, Orchard, Chencun, Potou, Duancun and Nancun. The population is about 330,000.

Rich in resources. There are more than 30 kinds of mineral resources such as coal, aluminum, iron, barite, quartz sand, silica and refractory clay, and 1300 kinds of wildlife resources. Among them, the proven reserves are more than 3 billion tons, with high grade and easy exploitation. Convenient transportation. China's railway mileage is 86 kilometers, including 42.6 kilometers of Longhai Railway and 1 579.8 kilometers of highway, including 3 10 32.6 kilometers of national highway. Every village has cars and eight special railway lines. Longhai Railway, National Highway 3 10 and the soon-to-be-opened Luosan Expressway run through the east and west, and the national defense highway runs through the north and south in the south. In the north, there are Bailang Yellow River Cableway Bridge, Nancun, etc. 12 ferries to communicate with Jinnan.

Mianchi County has a long history and is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. According to the physical remains of Yangshao culture in this county, there were ancient human activities in the Neolithic Age more than 5,000 years ago. The world-famous Yangshao culture was first discovered by Swedish scholar An Tesheng in Yangshao Village, Mianchi. It has been more than two thousand years since the Qin Dynasty, leaving many places of interest. 1925, Mianchi County began to have the activities of the CPC Central Committee. Mianchi once built the Eighth Route Army station, ran the public school in western Henan, and the Shangguan Ziping uprising (the main body of the "Western Henan Incident") and the Ma Paoquan incident. The county seat was liberated three times, and many revolutionary martyrs were buried here, leaving many revolutionary sites and memorial sites in the territory. By the end of 2000, there were more than 1 10 cultural relics protection units in the county. Among them, national site 1: Yangshao Village Cultural Site; Six provincial sites: Sigou Site, Lvsi Site, Buzhaozhai Site, Cheng Fengyi Site, Chencun Bridge Preface Monument, and Eighth Route Army Station; There are 5 municipal sites: Mengtai, Liu's Ancestral Hall, Yellow River water level monument, site and Zhangba Stone Buddha Temple; The rest are at the county level. The tourist attractions with development value in Mianchi County include Shaoshan, yunmen temple, Dazhaigou, Wamiaogou, Bai Han, Bailang Cableway Bridge, Huai River rafting project, Tomb, Daiyu and Lijin Style Garden. In addition to the Eighth Route Army Mianchi military station, there are also revolutionary sites such as Liu Shaoqi's former residence, the former site of the enlarged meeting of cadres of the Central Western Henan Special Committee, the cemetery for the soldiers killed in the war against Japan, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Martyrs Memorial Hall, the Xiaogushan Campaign Memorial Hall, and the Ma Paoquan Incident Memorial Hall, which are good bases for patriotism education for young people. After the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River was impounded, the magnificent spectacle of "High Gorge Out of Pinghu" appeared in Nancun, Mianchi County, which created good conditions for Nancun to open up Yellow River tourism and became an important part of the Great Yellow River tourism in Henan Province. In recent years, Mianchi County Party Committee and government have attached great importance to the development of tourism resources. At the end of 2000, the construction of Nancun Wharf and the garden-style renovation project of Yangshao cultural site were completed.

The ancient Mianchi attracted many scholars at home and abroad. The ancient celebrities such as Wang Tong, Du Fu, Luo, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Wei, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Su Zhe, and the modern celebrities such as Zhang, Yao, all left popular poems in Mianchi. There are also many outstanding figures in Mianchi national history: Zhang Gui, a national hero who resisted gold in the Song Dynasty; Cao Duan and Zhang Xinmin, Dali scholars in Ming Dynasty: Contemporary people include Major General Zhang Ruguang, deputy director of the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army.

Author: a bowl of noodles a day 2006-2-23 15:28 reply to this speech to delete.

-

2 Reply: Mianchi History

Huai Zi Huai Lian Mianchi

What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying in snow.

I accidentally left my fingers and claws in the mud, and Hong Fei was driving that complicated thing.

The old monk is dead and has become a new tower. There is no reason to look at the old topic with a broken wall.

I don't know if the past was very bumpy, and the long road was full of people.

To annotate ...

① Ziyou: Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe's Ziyou. Mianchi: Mianchi County, Henan Province today. This poem is written in memory of Su Zhe's "Huai Mianchi sent his son to look forward to his brother".

Old monk: Just be idle.

(3) According to Su Zhe's original poem, he wrote: "In the past, Zi Zhan should do it, crossing the temple house in Suxian County, and asking the old monk to be idle."

4 donkey: lame donkey. Su Shi's Note: "Last year, the horse died in Erling (according to the mountain, west of Mianchi) and rode a donkey to Mianchi."

Make an appreciative comment

Make an appreciative comment

Make an appreciative comment

The keynote of Su Shi's poems is homesickness, because he 19 was appointed as the main book of Mianchi County (because he was the top student in the senior high school entrance examination, he did not take office). In the first year of Jiayou, he and his brother Shi went to Beijing with his father to catch the exam. They passed by here and had a visit to the monk to leave a question. Therefore, he wrote in his poem: "Have you ever been a county magistrate? The wall problem of the old monk's house. " He felt that these experiences were full of accidents. If there is no fate with Mianchi, why are you always associated with it? If we are destined for Mianchi, why can't we stay a little longer? This is the emotion in Su Zhe's poems. From these feelings, Su Shi made further comments on life. These are the first four sentences of this poem. In Su Shi's view, not only the concrete life is uncertain, but also the whole life is full of unknowns, just like the swan goose occasionally stops in the snow during the flight, leaving traces, but when it snows in Hong Fei, everything no longer exists. So, is there a force that dominates this behavior? If life is made up of countless coordinate points, are there any rules for these coordinate points to follow? Young Su Shi expressed such doubts and regrets about life. However, life is unknowable, which does not mean that life is the purpose; Although the past has disappeared, it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Take the experience of riding a donkey on a mountain road and bumping on a difficult and rugged mountain road, isn't it an experience, an experience and a wealth of life? Therefore, although life is impermanent, don't give up your efforts; Although many things are accidental, we should not give up the search for inevitability. In fact, without going through some hardships, how can you be admitted to Jinshi and realize your ambitions? This is Su Shi: not only delving into the details of life, but also full of optimism, and his whole outlook on life has been displayed in miniature here.

The reason and interest of this poem are mainly reflected in the first four sentences, and "Snow Mud and Red Claw" is also widely recited as an idiom by later generations. But in writing techniques, it is also quite distinctive. Ji Yun once commented: "The first four sentences entered the law in a single line, and the Tang people were conservative; The artistic conception is the true color of Dongpo. " The so-called "ancient customs of the Tang Dynasty" generally refers to the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao: "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but today there is no yellow crane tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. ..... "As seven laws, three or four sentences should be opposite, but this is a straight line, which is not particular. Su Shi's "On Mud" can also be regarded as antithesis, but its meaning is straightforward, and it is also related to inheritance, so it is "one-way entry into the law". "Artistic conception is unrestrained" means that it is not only elegant in word, magnificent in writing, but also rich in connotation, intriguing and not seeking success. This is Su Shi's "true colors".

Note: Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe. Mianchi: Mianchi County, Henan Province today. Know it: know it. Crappy, lame.

A brief analysis of this poem is the poet's nostalgia for the past. Use "snow mud and claws" to describe the traces left by people unintentionally, just like Hong Fei stepping on paw prints in the snow. For example, the old monk's new tower and rotten wall are all paw prints on the mud, lamenting the impermanence of life, but the bumpy experience of the past remains in people's memory, and the paw prints in their hearts are indelible. The whole poem is novel in metaphor and ingenious in technique, showing infinite affection for life.

Once, Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe (Ziyou) passed by the pond and the horse died on the road. They rode donkeys to a monk temple in Mianchi and wrote poems on the temple wall. Later, Ziyou wrote a poem "Mianchi Nostalgia". Dongpo revisited his hometown, and the old monk who received his whole heart was dead. A new tower was built for the old monk in the temple, and the temple wall where Dongpo brothers wrote poems was also broken! I will never see that old poem again. Dongpo wrote this poem with mixed feelings and felt that life was flying.

Author: a bowl of noodles a day 2006-2-23 15:30 reply to this speech to delete.

-

3 Reply: Mianchi History

Mianchi Zhihui

In 282 BC, Qin sent generals to take Zhao Jian (now Lishi County, Shanxi Province) and Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province). The following year, Qin sent troops to capture Shicheng of Zhao (now southwest of Park County, Henan Province); Another year later, we attacked Zhao again and the two countries went to war. Zhao lost more than twenty thousand troops, but his offensive also stopped.

In 279 BC (the twentieth year of Zhao Huiwen), Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, wanted to make peace with Zhao in order to concentrate on attacking Chu. So he sent messengers to see Zhao and asked him to meet in Mianchi (now Mianchi County, Henan Province) outside Xihe River to cultivate mutual friendship. The prince of Zhao was afraid and couldn't think of going. General Lian Po discussed with the doctor Lin Xiangru that it was not good for the Prince of Zhao not to go. He advised the king of Zhao to go: "If the king of Qin doesn't go, it will appear that Zhao Guoli is timid. It is better to go. " The prince of Zhao listened to Lian and Lin's advice, and Lin Xiangru followed the prince of Zhao.

Lian Po led the army to send the prince of Zhao to the border, and they parted ways. He said to the prince of Zhao, "The round trip to Mianchi this time, plus the time for the meeting, is estimated to last no more than 30 days. In case of any eventuality, if the king has not returned after this date, please allow us to make the prince king, so as to cut off the idea of Qin detaining the king and threatening Zhao. " Wang Zhao agreed. Lian Po also deployed a large number of troops on the border to guard against the attack of Qin.

Author: a bowl of noodles a day 2006-2-23 16:05 reply to this speech deleted.

-

4 Reply: Mianchi History

The first nationwide peasant uprising in the history of China. During the reign of Qin Shihuang, palaces, mausoleums, the Great Wall and the equator were built on a large scale, and a lot of manpower and financial resources were used to fight against Xiongnu and South Vietnam, which greatly increased the corvee and tax burden of the people. At the same time, severe laws have been enacted, making it easy for people to violate the criminal law. After Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne, he was given more benefits, defended himself and used more harshly, which made the world tired and the people suffered greatly. In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), a group of poor peasants who were sent to Yuyang (now Miyun, Beijing) marched to osawa Township, Qixian County (now Suxian County, Anhui Province), and met with continuous heavy rain, which blocked the road and prevented them from reaching their destination on time. According to the provisions of the Qin law, this delay should be cut. In this case, Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the two captains guarding the stroke, secretly discussed, and now running away is death, and rising up to revolt is only death. Why not do something desperate? Therefore, they used the tactics of "filling their bellies with fish" and "burning foxes" to launch a garrison uprising, kill the officers in custody, and put forward the slogan of "Great Chu Xing, Chen" (Historical Records Chen She Family). Chen Sheng established himself as a general, took Guangwu as his surname, and called on the masses to revolt in the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. The insurgents quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suxian County, Anhui Province), and then marched westward to capture Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), an important town of the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the insurgents had six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. The insurgents established the "Zhang Chu" regime in Chen Jian, and Chen Sheng was elected as the king. The establishment of Zhang Chu regime promoted the climax of the national anti-Qin struggle, and farmers all over the country killed dragon officials in response to Chen Sheng. Chen Sheng, with Chen as the center, divided into several ways and marched in all directions to expand the influence of the revolutionary regime. Guangwu led the main force to the west, ready to take Xianyang, and was blocked in Xingyang, a strategic town, which was at loggerheads with Qin Jun. Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wen's army to drive straight to Guanzhong, and reached Hanguguan (now northeast of Lingbao, Henan Province), with thousands of rebel chariots and hundreds of thousands of foot soldiers. Zhou Wenjun passed all the way, and soon captured Huiji (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) and approached Xianyang, Qin Dou. Qin Ershi was very shocked. He quickly pardoned hundreds of thousands of criminals who built tombs in Lishan Mountain, and hastily formed an army led by Shaofu Zhang Han to counter the peasant army. Being alone and lacking in training and combat experience, Zhou Wenjun was forced to quit Hangu Pass after several painful struggles and successive setbacks. In the final battle of Mianchi, he failed again and Zhou Wen committed suicide. Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, pushed eastward, forcing Guangwu, who besieged Xingyang, and his peasant army to surrender. Guangwu was killed by Tiancang Department because he could not attack Xingyang for a long time. Then, Tian Cang led the army westward to attack Zhang Han. In the battle of Aocang, Tiancang was defeated and died. After Zhang Han lifted the siege of Xingyang by rebels, he threw himself at the uprising center. Chen Sheng personally led the army to battle, but he failed. In December of the second year of Qin Ershi, Chen Sheng retreated to his father's place in downtown (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. The uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu lasted for six months and finally failed. However, it dealt a heavy blow to the decadent rule of the Qin Dynasty and laid the foundation for overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. Since then, peasant insurgents all over the country have been constantly fighting against the Qin Dynasty, and finally overthrew the Qin Dynasty. The revolutionary initiative and heroism of Guangwu Uprising in Chen Sheng inspired thousands of peasants in Qian Qian to fight against feudal rule in later generations.