Important Wars in Ancient China

1, Battle of Guiling

The battle of Guilin is a famous interception battle in history, which took place in the northwest of Henan placanticline.

In 354 BC (the fifteenth year of Zhou Xian), Wei besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao, and the following year Zhao asked Qi for help. The King of Qi ordered Tian Ji and Sun Bin to lead the army to rescue him. Sun Bin thought that Wei attacked Handan with elite soldiers, and the national situation was empty, so he led an army to besiege the girders of Wei's capital and made Wei push Pang Juan back to fight. But Sun Bin ambushed in Guiling (Heze, Shandong, Changyuan, Henan), defeated Wei Jun and captured Pang Juan alive. In this campaign, Sun Bin evaded reality and attacked what was left, creating the tactic of "encircling Wei to save Zhao", which has become a commonly used military means to lure the enemy into submission for more than 2,000 years.

2. Battle of Maling

In the history of China War, the famous ambush and enemy-annihilation war took place in the 28th year of Zhou Xian, near Maling Mountain in Tancheng County, Shandong Province. In this campaign, Sun Bin took advantage of Pang Juan's weakness and used the method of "reducing the focus to show weakness" to lure Pang Juan to take the bait, so that 654.38+ 10,000 people in Wei Jun were annihilated and Prince Wei was captured alive. After this war, Wei was greatly weakened and lost its dominant position.

3. Battle of Changping

It happened in the late Warring States period, about 260 BC, in the northwest of Gaoping City, Jincheng, Shanxi Province. A famous official of the State of Qin, Leitian, led an army to attack Zhao in Changping, Zhao. Lian Po of Zhao couldn't hold on, and deviant rumors. Zhao Wangxin believed it and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. Zhao Kuo is a famous "armchair strategist" general. In view of Zhao Kuo's weakness of being proud and underestimating his enemy, he adopted the operational policy of feinting and retreating, luring the enemy out, and then dividing, encircling and annihilating, and killed 400,000 soldiers of Zhao in the panic pit. This war was the earliest, largest and most thorough panic attack in China's ancient military history. From then on, the six eastern countries were unable to resist Qin, which greatly accelerated the process of Qin's unification of China.

4. Battle of Guandu

It was one of the "three major battles" in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was also one of the famous battles in China history. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (AD 200), Cao and Yuan were at loggerheads in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan) and launched a strategic decisive battle. Cao Cao raided Yuan Jun's granary in Wu Chao (now Fengqiu West, Henan Province), and then defeated Yuan Jun's main force. This battle laid the foundation for Cao Cao's unification of northern China.

5. Battle of Red Cliffs

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan joined forces with Liu Bei, and in the 13th year of Jian 'an (2008), he defeated Cao Cao's army in Chibi (now northwest of chibi city, Hubei Province) near the Yangtze River. This is one of the most famous battles in the history of China, and the most famous of the "three major battles" in the Three Kingdoms period. It is also the first large-scale river battle in the Yangtze River basin in China history, which indicates that China's military and political center is no longer limited to the Yellow River basin. Finally, Sun and Liu joined forces to attack with fire, and Cao Cao returned to the north. Sun and Liu each took a part of Jingzhou, which laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.

6. The Battle of Yiling

This was a large-scale battle of Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, against Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. This is a famous successful case of active defense in China's ancient war history, and it is also the last of the "three major battles" of the Three Kingdoms. In July of the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei attacked Sun Quan of Dongwu with great momentum. After Sun Quan failed to make peace, he accepted Cao Wei and appointed Lu Xun as commander-in-chief to lead the army. After seven or eight months of stalemate between Lu Xun and Liu Bei, the army of Shu Han was finally defeated in Yiling area. After Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, the battle of Yiling was another great loss for Shu Han.

7. Surabaya Campaign

It happened in A.D. 383, which was the decisive battle of aggression and annexation launched by Qin before the northern unified regime in the Sixteen Countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The former Qin Dynasty sent troops to attack the gold and fought in Feishui (southeast of Shouxian County, Anhui Province). In the end, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated more than 800,000 former Qin Jun with only 80,000 troops. The Battle of Feishui is a famous example in the history of China. The pre-Qin Dynasty, which had absolute superiority, was defeated by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the country declined and perished. The northern nationalities broke away from the pre-Qin period, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty took this opportunity to explore the north and pushed the boundary line to the Yellow River. There was no foreign invasion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty for decades.

The two idioms, "Every grass is covered with soldiers" and "The wind is shaking", are derived from this war.