Fortune-telling and Sacrifice _ Does fortune-telling belong to blessing?

What were the popular divination techniques in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? Does anyone still believe it?

Divination has played an extremely important role since the pre-Qin period. Many important ceremonies and affairs are placed in God and judged by divination. The Book of Rites said: "The three generations of Ming kings in the past were all gods of heaven and earth, only used for divination ... and did not violate divination." The unearthed Shang Oracle bones also contain many divination contents.

Tortoise shell bone

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, although people's wisdom gradually became civilized and atheistic thinkers such as Fan Zhen emerged, people's fear and awe of the spiritual world remained the same, and wars were frequent, which made divination more popular. The popular divination techniques in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties mainly include astrology, gas observation, wind angle, divination, dreaming and physiognomy.

First, many post-90s and post-00s astrologers are not used to traditional divination methods such as gossip and astrology handed down from ancient China, but prefer to use western astrology for divination.

For a long time, many people have misunderstood astrology as a cultural element introduced into China by the West. In fact, a similar astrology, that is, using the stars in the sky to predict the good and bad fortune of the world, existed in ancient China, and it was more popular in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

According to the relevant literature records of this period, astrology was closely related to politics during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. For example, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taishi asked Wang Li to make use of the changes in astrology to create public opinion for Cao Wei and Han Dynasty. He said to Zong Zheng Liu Ai: "A few days ago, Taibai kept the sky and met the stars; Golden fire will be a sign that fate is about to change. The Han Dynasty will be exhausted and the Jin and Wei Dynasties will flourish. " He also said to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty: "Destiny is impermanent, and the virtue of Han Dynasty is fire. According to the five elements, fire is replaced by earth. Ye Wei, the inheritor of the Han Dynasty. "

Han xiandi stills

Many monarchs often fabricate, explain and change the contents of astrology at will according to their personal likes and dislikes. After the Sixteen Kingdoms, Prince Zhao Shi claimed to kill the leading general Wang Lang, but he had no excuse. Just then, the janitor's astrology happened. So he sent astrologers to tell Qin Shihuang: "Chang is the dividing line between Zhao and the land, and the chaos of the stars is the culprit." The fact that the palace master is the son of heaven shows that some ministers have bad intentions towards your majesty, which is a big disaster. You should kill a noble minister named Wang to eliminate this disaster. " Shi Hu asked: "In that case, who is in line with God's will?" Said: "Of all the court ministers, Wang is naturally the most outstanding and astrological." Although Shi Hu was cruel, he also sympathized with Wang Lang's talent, so he refused his suggestion and asked him to find another minister named Wang. Zhao Lan had no choice but to casually say, "Then it may be Wang Bo's turn." So, a few days later, Shi Hu casually found an excuse and killed Wang Bo and his four sons, thus eliminating the uncertainty.

Second, look at the gas, that is, look at the gas according to the cloud gas to account for good or bad luck. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the art of conformity was also very popular. According to historical records, when Xelloss was born, it is said that there was a thick Yun Lan, round as a hood, which hung over Xelloss all day long. The result of watching the gas divination is that this is the most precious sign, not the gas of the minister. Similar sayings are frequently used when many emperors were born, which is undoubtedly a means to deify the emperor.

When Sun Fang was in office, a hopeful person told him that if Jingzhou was king, Yangzhou would be broken, which was not conducive to the construction of Ye Gong. In response to the divination results, Sun Yun moved the capital from Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) to Wuchang despite the strong opposition of ministers. In order to suppress the so-called "kingly way" in Jingzhou, Sun Yong also collected it from the people and dug up the graves of Jingzhou ministers or celebrities to vent the "kingly way". Later, Stan rebelled in Jianye. Sun Yun not only killed Stan, but also sent hundreds of people from Jingzhou to Jianye, killing Stan's wife and children, saying that the son of heaven sent Jingzhou soldiers to break Yangzhou thieves, responding to the previous gas watcher's prediction.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, some emperors hoped to eliminate ominous results by changing the situation of mountains and rivers. For example, when Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty was in power, a hopeful person told him that Shangdang Huguan Dawangshan had the spirit of an emperor. Barto-Tao made a hunting trip here to suppress what the aspirant called "king". To be on the safe side, he recruited people and piled a three-story boulder on Dawangshan, cutting off the connection between Dawangshan and Fenghuang Mountain in the north. Barto-Tao believes that destroying the shape of Dawangshan can cut off the so-called "king".

Third, the wind angle is to observe the wind in nature and predict good or bad luck according to the direction and strength of the wind.

According to historical records, Guan Ju, a native of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms, is good at "wind angle" and "subtle way to occupy the phase". Guan Ju once described the gale like this: "My husband doesn't keep home, God is in a frenzy, eight winds rise, flying angrily, landslides and rocks fly, trees are destroyed, dust flies to Wan Li, the sky disappears, birds and animals hide, and the people are shocked." Guan Lu believes that the wind angle technique can not only solve small things, but also predict profound thoughts, which can not be ignored.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wang Zaoshan blew the horn. One day, he and his guests were sitting at home. Suddenly a gust of wind blew and shook the trees in the yard. After divination, Wang Zao said to the guests, "According to the wind horn technique, at noon, when an envoy from thousands of miles away rode two horses, one white and one red, he raced here from the southwest." As soon as they arrive, they will force me to leave with them immediately, and I have no time to say goodbye to my wife. " At that time, two messengers came from Liangzhou at a gallop on the orders of Emperor Tuoba Tao. Everything is as the king expected.

Fourth, divination originated very early, and it was quite popular in Qin and Han Dynasties, which was closely related to politics, such as "Hu Ye's death in Qin Dynasty" by Qin Shihuang, "Great Chu Xing, Chen" by Chen Sheng and on the eve of the uprising, etc. Wang Mang relied on divination, wantonly created the public opinion of regime change, and finally usurped the throne and stood on his own feet.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, divination was repeatedly banned by several monarchs, such as Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, Shi Hu of the Later Zhao Dynasty, Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty, Wu Tai and Liang Wudi of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Many emperors or careerists are still keen on using divination to serve their political ambitions. Some people with ulterior motives frequently use divination to find the basis for regime change. For example, in the last years of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Tai Shicheng and Xu Zhizou said, "Yue, if you live in the east, there will be noon in the west, and light day will stay for two days. It is the main thing, but it is also an auxiliary thing. Five, eight, four, yellow gas, real people. "At noon, make trouble. Two days, Chang Zi. The Han Dynasty should be, and Wei State should be Xuchang. " At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a rumor circulating in the society: "Five horses floated across the river, and one horse turned into a dragon". Later, Si Marui crossed the river with four other princes. Emperor Huai of Jin and Emperor Chen of Jin were captured one after another. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, Si Marui used this prediction to claim the title of emperor in Jiangdong and rebuild the Jin Dynasty. Before the Southern Liang Dynasty replaced the Qi Dynasty, the Grand Master ordered Jiang Daoxiu to play the celestial phenomena for 64 days, which should be replaced by the new dynasty.

Jin Si Marui

Some emperors abused officials and people because of prophecy. In the last years of Sun Wu, there was a rumor circulating in the society: "Wu was defeated, soldiers went south, and Wu was defeated by Sun Ye." After the tyrannical Sun Yong knew about it, he simply exiled all the bureaucrats and people named Gongsun to Guangzhou to prevent future troubles. After the destruction of Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty, some people were so possessed: Gongsun actually refers to the grandson of Sima Yi, the fifth emperor of the Jin Dynasty. Some emperors changed their surnames because of prophecy. In the former Qin dynasty, the real name of the royal family was Pu. Because of the rumor that "grass should be handed over to the king", Fu Hong changed "Pu" to "Fu".

Some emperors changed their place names because of prophecy. For example, Shi Hu of the post-Zhao Dynasty, though forbidden to predict, believed it himself. Once, he heard that there was a rumor that "the stone broke the tomb" outside, so he renamed Lanling County Wuxing County. Some emperors died for no reason because they believed in divination. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, was also forbidden to predict. After the defeat of Feishui, the rule of the former Qin Dynasty was about to collapse. Fu Jian learned that the ancient book Gu Fu Zhuan Jia Gu Lu predicted that "the emperor ordered the commanders of five generals", and junior high school predicted that "the commanders of five generals". He was convinced of this and told Prince Yuhong to stick to it. Soon, he was captured and killed by post-Qin Jun.

5. Dreaming Humans often have all kinds of dreams when they sleep. Ancient Chinese and foreign people and even modern people thought that people, things and things they saw in their dreams were omens of good or bad luck, so they derived dream-taking, that is, divination to predict good or bad luck in the future by explaining what they heard and saw in their dreams. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, dream telling prevailed, and many famous dream tellers appeared, such as Sun Wu and Song Shou. Dream interpretation is quite effective, only once in ten times, and it is known as one of the "Wu Dong Eight Musts".

The same dream may have different explanations. On one occasion, a man repeatedly asked Zhou Xuan, a fortune teller, that he had dreamed of straw dogs three times. People attach great importance to it before offering sacrifices, and then discard it after offering sacrifices. What are the omens? Zhou Xuan replied that he should enjoy a good meal; He will fall off the car and break his foot; His house will catch fire. The results of these three divinations have finally come true. The man was surprised and asked Zhou Xuan, "Actually, I didn't dream at all, I just wanted to try your dream-taking technique. Why did it finally come true? " Zhou Xuan said: "The dream you said was told by the gods. Although it is a fabrication, it has the same effect as a real dream. " The man asked again, "I dreamed of a straw dogs three times, but the results were different. What is the reason? " Zhou Xuan said: "Grass dogs are sacrifices to God. Your first dream indicates that you can eat the rest of the sacrifice. After the sacrifice, people will throw straw dogs under the wheel and crush it. So, the second dream indicates that you will fall into a car and break your foot. After the dog is crushed, it will be picked up for firewood. Therefore, your last dream of straw dogs was a sign of fire. "

Although some dreams are auspicious, they are actually ominous. Friends who have read The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are familiar with one thing: After Zhuge Liang's death, the general Wei Yan dreamed that he had horns on his head. He asked Zhao Zhi for advice. Zhao Zhi told him: This is a sign that you will become expensive. After Zhao Zhi left, he secretly said to others: "The horn is a word, and it is also used under the knife; It's fierce to use a knife on your head. " Soon, Wei Yan was killed by Yang Yi for rebellion.

Wei Yan stills

Some dreams are fierce, but they are real. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Kai dreamed for the first time that there were three knives hanging on the beams. After a while, there was another knife on the beam. When Wang Kai woke up from his dream, he thought it was a great evil to hang a knife indoors. He was very scared, so he asked Li Yi, who is good at dreaming, how to avoid evil spirits. After divination, Li Yi congratulated Wang Kai and said, "This is really a dream! Three knives are state characters, and one knife is added, which means that you are appointed as Yizhou secretariat. " Suochong dreamed that two coffins fell from the sky and fell in front of him, so he asked Suoheng to predict good or bad luck. Suoheng said: "The coffin bearers are also officials. This dream indicates that someone in Beijing will recommend you to be an official. The second coffin indicates that you will be promoted twice in a very short time. " The next two things were exactly as Li Yi and Suoheng said.

Six, physiognomy

The landforms in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties include figures, houses, tombs, seals and horses.

Xelloss once asked "fortune teller" Zhu Jianping to tell fortune for himself and his subordinates. Zhu Jianping said to Xia Houwei, "When you are 49 years old, you will become the Secretary of State, but it will be difficult. If you can survive it safely, you can live to be 70 years old and be a public assistant. " At the age of 49, Xia Houwei was appointed as the secretariat of Yanzhou. At the beginning of this year1February, he was seriously ill. Thinking of Zhu Jianping's divination in those days, he soon made preparations for the aftermath. Later, he recovered. On the evening of 30th, Xia Houwei hosted a banquet for the guests, thinking that the disaster would pass. Unexpectedly, after the banquet, Xia Houwei relapsed and died in the middle of the night.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, some physiognomists were good at reading tombs. After seeing the ancestral grave of yang hu, a famous minister in the Western Jin Dynasty, a fortune teller told yang hu that his ancestral grave belonged to the emperor. If it goes through, the imperial air will leak out, and yang hu will lose. Yang Hucheng then cut through the ancestral grave. The photographer also said: Although there will be no more emperor in the sheep family, there will still be a man as the third prince, but this man's arm will be broken. Later, yang hu fell to the ground on horseback and broke his arm. He holds the position of three officials, but he has no children. Everything is as the fortune teller said.

The "haunted house" not only appeared in horror movies, but also appeared in the Biography of the Monk King of Shu in Song Dynasty. Located in Taixu West, it was originally the residence of Ding Feng, the general of Sun Wu. Later, Ding Feng's family was exiled by Sun Yong. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it became the residence of Zhouyi and Su Jun. All these people ended in violence. People who like each other are called fierce places. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Wang Sengchuo did not believe in evil, saying that the house had no good or bad luck and moved here. Soon, he was killed in a palace coup.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were also mutual seals. According to the book of photographic printing, which records photographic printing technology, photographic printing technology was handed down from Chen Qun. Chen Qun also said: There were Xiang Yin, Xiang, Ying Jing, Niu Jing and Ma Jing in the Han Dynasty.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, frequent wars, social unrest and impermanence led to the prevalence of astrology, observation, wind angle, divination, dreaming and physiognomy. These things are mostly superstitious dross in the eyes of modern people, but at that time they were regarded as an effective way to communicate with the gods. They hope that with the help of all kinds of divination, they can predict the future, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and reflect people's unremitting pursuit of happiness, success and healthy life, which has certain positive and progressive significance. But some people, especially many emperors and dignitaries, are obsessed with divination and harm the people, especially those who are ignorant.

As for some forms of divination, such as looking at faces and dreaming, they are still fascinated and believed by some people in today's society. For example, a star and a corrupt official often seen in the media are obsessed with spelling, fortune telling, offering sacrifices to bodhisattvas and gods, etc., and can only be used to drink and laugh, but not to follow the trend. Go straight, go straight, and you will be worthy of the sky and the ground. As long as the officials and the rich are law-abiding, serving the country for the people and benefiting one party, it will naturally bring fortunes, so why use the power of the gods!