Kneel for answers

1. Methodology

2. The relationship between the whole world and the world

3. Know the world and change it.

4.*** Same basic laws

5. Scientific practice of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

(2) Can you choose the most convincing one?

1.C 2。 B 3。 B 4。 A 5。 C 6。 A

(3) Which items best fit the meaning of the question?

1.ABC 2。 ABCD 3。 BD 4。 D 5。 Accelerated business collection and delivery system (adopted by the United States post office)

(4) Can you write the answers to the following questions concisely and correctly?

1. There is a difference between philosophy and concrete science. Philosophy takes the whole world as the research object, revealing the essence and the most universal law of the unity of all things in the world. Specific science studies all problems in a specific field and a certain part of the world, and reveals the special nature and laws of natural or social phenomena.

Philosophy is closely related to specific scientific knowledge. Philosophy is specific scientific's summary, such as natural science, social science and thinking science.

2. Human beings understand the world in order to use and transform it, so as to survive and develop better. Under the guidance of Marxist philosophy, the activities of understanding and transforming the world will be more conscious and achieve greater results.

Philosophical observation

(a) distinguish between right and wrong, and then tell the reason.

1. The viewpoint of the topic is wrong. Philosophy is also a theory about world outlook and methodology. Learning philosophy can provide the guidance of world outlook and methodology for people's study, work and life. However, philosophy is different from specific scientific and cannot replace specific scientific's specific knowledge and methods. At the same time, not all philosophies are scientific, and Marxist philosophy is the ideological weapon of "making people smart" and "enlightening wisdom".

2. The viewpoint of the topic is correct. In the process of dealing with the relationship between people and the outside world, people gradually form the most common view of the whole world, which is the world outlook. Almost everyone has a world outlook, but the world outlook formed by people in real life is still simple and lacks a theoretical system. Only a theoretical, systematic and systematic world outlook can become a philosophy. Therefore, although everyone has his own world view, not everyone is a philosopher.

(2) Look at the picture and answer the questions according to the knowledge in this lesson.

(1) When people in comics can't find satisfactory ideas, they are all sweating and seeing stars. This cartoon vividly satirizes the dogmatic idea of copying books without social practice.

(2) In the process of transforming the world, we should actively participate in social practice, integrate theory with practice, turn book knowledge into practical knowledge, and find the correct "thinking" to solve problems.

(c) Read the following materials and talk about your opinions based on the textbook knowledge.

Constellation is an astronomical concept, just a symbol, which can't explain more problems. Destiny is in your own hands, and a happy life depends on your own efforts. Believing in the guidance of constellations in life is an expression of idealism. As young students, we should actively establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life.

Extracurricular activity design

A little.

Reading and understanding

Requirements: read carefully, apply the philosophical principles learned and write your own feelings. Not less than 100 words.

The first lesson is to understand the world and respect the reality.

Knowledge surfing

(1) Fill in the satisfactory answer.

1. First 2. The substance of the material world. It is the most fundamental thing that does not depend on reflecting the objective reality.

4. concrete and abstract right and wrong 5. Actively understand the world. Correctly understand practical activities. The relationship between matter and consciousness is elementary 8. Everything is subjective and objective from reality.

(2) Can you choose the most convincing one?

1.B2.D3. B4.C5. C6。 A7。 D8。 C

(3) Which items best fit the meaning of the question?

1.ACD2. BCD3。 ABCD4。 ABCD5 .ACD6.BCD7. AC8。 BCD

9. ABC

(4) Can you write the answers to the following questions correctly and concisely?

1.( 1) Humans do not exist at all, but were developed by ancient apes through labor. Labor has created both human beings and human society. The development history of human society is, in the final analysis, the history of human beings engaged in the production of material materials. ② The basic elements that constitute the living conditions of human society, including geographical environment, population factors and mode of production. These three are independent of human consciousness and exist objectively.

2.( 1) Different philosophies have different answers to the question of which is primary: matter or consciousness.

(2) In order to discuss the relationship between man and the world as a whole, philosophy should first understand the relationship between Chu's thought and existence, consciousness and matter, and give a clear answer to this. (2) Different answers to the question of whether matter or consciousness is primary are the only criteria to distinguish materialism from idealism. (3) Who thinks that matter is primary, that is, matter is the origin of the world, and matter determines consciousness, which is materialism; Anyone who thinks that consciousness is primary, that is, consciousness is the origin of the world and consciousness determines matter, is idealism. (4) Various philosophies, due to different answers to this question, belong to two camps: materialism and idealism.

3.( 1) has experienced three stages: ancient naive materialism, modern metaphysical materialism and contemporary Marxist philosophy, namely dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

(2) Marxist philosophy is dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Based on the latest achievements of modern natural science and social science, it organically combines materialism and dialectics, and comprehensively and thoroughly implements and applies it to the understanding of nature and social history, so it is a complete materialistic philosophy.

4.( 1) Proceeding from reality means that we should follow the fundamental requirements of materialism when thinking about problems and doing things, take objective facts as the starting point and the foothold, and find out solutions to problems from the analysis of objective facts. Simply put, it is to proceed from objective facts and act according to actual conditions.

(2) Respect for objective facts; Pay attention to investigation and study; Be public-minded; We should have a scientific attitude of seeking truth and being pragmatic.

Philosophical observation

(a) distinguish between right and wrong, and then tell the reason.

1. This view is wrong. (1) Different answers to the questions of what is the first nature, matter and consciousness are the only criteria for dividing materialism from idealism. Materialism holds that matter is the origin of the world, there is matter before consciousness, and matter determines consciousness. Idealism holds that consciousness is the origin of the world, there is matter after consciousness, and consciousness determines matter. Pursuing material benefits is not necessarily materialism. If we do not proceed from reality and pursue material interests subjectively and foolishly, that is the performance of idealism. Emphasizing the role of spirit is not necessarily idealism. If we admit that matter determines consciousness, attach importance to the role of consciousness and give full play to the initiative of consciousness, it is not idealism, but dialectical materialism.

This view is wrong. Consciousness is the reflection of the human brain on the objective world, which is right or wrong. (2) There are no gods and ghosts in the objective world, but the concept of ghosts and gods can find some prototype in the objective world, which is a wrong, distorted and illusory reflection of objective things in people's minds. ③ The form of consciousness is subjective and the content is objective. Whether it is right or wrong consciousness, its content can only come from the objective world, and it is impossible for the human brain to spontaneously produce the consciousness of gods, ghosts and gods without the objective world. The wrong view in the question is to deny that the content of consciousness is objective.

(2) Observe the cartoon below and answer the questions according to the textbook knowledge.

1.( 1) The statement of sheep is wrong. Should be tied to a stake, not guarded. This is a reflection of its consciousness to the objective world, but this reflection is wrong.

(2) The sheep in the cartoon made an idealistic mistake in philosophy. It regards its own consciousness (hypothesis) as the primary thing, and reverses the relationship between matter and consciousness, thus showing subjectivism based on pure subjective wishes.

2.( 1) Fortune tellers can make a fortune. The behavior of the company boss shows that he is an idealistic worldview.

(2) The boss of the company understands that the root of this world view is to reverse the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness, exaggerate and absoluteize the dynamic role of consciousness, exaggerate the reaction of consciousness to matter as the decisive role of consciousness to matter, and exaggerate the consciousness derived from matter as an entity that exists independently of matter.

(c) Read the following materials and talk about your opinions based on the textbook knowledge.

1.( 1) Materialism holds that matter is the origin, matter precedes consciousness, and matter determines consciousness; Idealism holds that consciousness is the source, matter depends on consciousness, and consciousness determines matter, not matter determines consciousness.

(2) (1) Materialism and idealism are the basic schools of philosophy, and their division criteria are different answers about which is the primary one: thinking or being. In essence, materialism's answer to the original question of the world is scientific, but materialism has experienced different development forms, and its scientificity should be analyzed in detail. Ancient naive materialism and modern metaphysical materialism have different degrees of limitations because of their unscientific explanations of matter. Only dialectical materialism and historical materialism correctly reveal the basic laws of the material world and reflect the objective requirements of social and historical development are the scientific world outlook and methodology, which we should vigorously advocate. ③ All idealists' answers to the question of the origin of the world are wrong, so they have become fruitless flowers, but as a school of basic philosophy, they have certain reference significance for the development of human understanding. It can be seen that the views of students in group B are correct, while those of students in group A make the problem absolute.

2.( 1) People's consciousness has a dynamic role. Jiufang ointment can play an active role in consciousness, revealing the essence of things and the law of change and development through vivid and rich appearances of things; We can turn spiritual things into material forces to transform the world through practical activities. The success of Jiufanggao is also the result of proceeding from reality, making the subjective conform to the objective and acting according to the actual situation.

(2) Xiang Ma, the son of Bole, adopts the method of "following the picture". He regarded item as a dogma, set out from the book, divorced from reality, and made subjectivist mistakes. This is the expression of idealism in practical work.

(3)① Whether working or studying, we should give full play to the positive role of consciousness; According to the requirements of dialectical materialist world outlook, we should consciously proceed from reality in the activities of understanding and transforming the world; ③ Oppose subjectivism: first, oppose dogmatism and bookishness; Second, we should oppose narrow empiricism.

Extracurricular activity design

(omitted)

Reading and understanding

Requirements: read carefully, apply the philosophical principles learned and write your own feelings. Not less than 100 words.