What materials were used to make bows and arrows in ancient times?

Question 1: What were ancient bows and arrows made of? Kao Gong Ji has detailed requirements and regulations on the selection of bow materials, processing methods, performance and combination of parts, and also analyzes the disadvantages that should be prevented in the processing. In Flower King Gong Ji, stem, horn, tendon, glue, silk and lacquer are called "six materials" and are considered as important materials for making bows.

"Dry", including all kinds of wood and bamboo, is used to make the main body of the bow arm, which is made by laminating multiple layers. The performance of dry wood plays a decisive role in the performance of bow. "Flower King Gong Ji" records: Zhemu is the upper dry wood, followed by wood, oak, etc., and bamboo is the lower dry wood. Wood is very strong, even if it is pushed and pulled, it will not break easily, and the arrow has a long shooting distance. The south bow and the north bow are obviously different in material. Bamboo is mostly used as a stem in the south, and this hard solid wood is mainly used in the north, especially in the northeast. This is also one of the reasons why the northern army always took the lead in ancient wars in China.

The "horn", that is, the horn of an animal, is made into a thin sheet and attached to the inside (abdomen) of the bow arm. According to "Flower King Gong Ji", the bow is dominated by horns, especially white, middle-aged and immature horns. "The horn is two feet and five inches (nearly fifty centimeters) long, and the three colors are not unreasonable, saying that cattle wear cattle." This is the best corner material (the price of a corner is equivalent to a cow, that is, the cow's head is not a corner, but two "cows"). Most cattle in northern China can't see the shadow of buffalo, so they have to use horns instead. From this perspective, this is the strength of the South Bow.

The situation of trying the bow was described in the Ming Dynasty's Tiangong Wu Kai (Qing Dynasty Edition)

Tendon, the tendon of an animal, is attached to the outside (back) of the bow arm. The function of ribs and angles is to enhance the elasticity of the bow arm and make the arrow stronger and deeper. According to "Flower King Gong Ji", beef tendon is the most commonly used "six ingredients". The tendons should be small and long, and the big ones should be round and moist.

"Glue", that is, animal glue, is used to bond dry wood and angle iron. Kao Gongji recommended six kinds of glue, such as deer glue, horse glue, cow glue, rat glue, fish glue and rhinoceros glue. The production method of glue "is generally to boil animal tissues such as animal skins in water, or add a small amount of lime alkali, then filter and steam." According to the experience of bow making in later generations, the fish glue made of yellow fish bladder is the best. Archers in China use fish glue to make the important parts of the bow, that is, the load-bearing parts, and use leather glue in less important places, such as covering the epidermis.

"Silk", that is, silk thread, tightly wraps the silk thread around the bow tube reinforced by knotting at the corner to make it stronger. According to Flower King Gong Ji, the choice of silk should be bright, just like in water.

"Painting": Paint the prepared bow arm to prevent frost and moisture erosion. Usually once every ten days until the bow arm can be protected.

Question 2: What are ancient bows and arrows? Archaeological data show that there were bows and arrows in ancient China, more than 20,000 years ago. At that time, it was used as a hunting animal and was later converted into main battle equipment.

The original bow and arrow making was simple and rough. By the Zhou Dynasty, the production technology was gradually improved. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a series of relatively complete and high-tech production technologies had been formed. There are strict regulations on material selection, ingredients, production procedures and specifications.

Bows and arrows in the Han Dynasty were exquisitely made, inlaid with bronze ornaments and jade ornaments, and made into poisonous arrows, that is, they were coated with poison to increase their lethality.

Bow and arrow, a deadly weapon for long-range combat in ancient history, played an extremely important role in ancient wars. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a story that Zhuge Liang used arrows from straw boats to supplement the shortage of arms.

The bow and arrow system in Qing Dynasty is complex and diverse. Generally, the size of the bow depends on the rank, and the form of the arrow depends on the different purposes of fighting, hunting, proofreading and signal lights.

There are two kinds of bows: used for shooting, with elm as the pole and silk as the string; In the battle, deerskin was used as a rope.

Arrows can also be divided into two types: pointed arrows and prismatic arrows. Pointed arrow is called "plum blossom needle arrow", prismatic arrow is called "arrow", and birch or willow is used as the stem.

An arrow consists of an arrow, an arrow shaft and an arrow feather. Arrows, also known as arrows, are mostly made of iron, with a thick tip and a thick bottom. There are three styles: diamond, triangle and cone. Its blade is thin and sharp, with grooves on the side.

The shaft is made of wood or wood and embedded under the arrow. The shaft of an arrow is cylindrical and made of the end of an arrow.

Arrow feathers are mostly made of the wings of giant birds such as Peng stork, which are clamped at the shaft end, so that the arrow can hit the target smoothly in flight.

How to make an arrow?

Any straight wood can be used as the material of the arrow shaft, but birch is undoubtedly one of the best materials. The shaft is about 60 cm long and 6 cm wide. It should be absolutely straight (tying an elastic rope between two fixed points can be used as a ruler standard) and as smooth as possible. The end of the shaft should be engraved with grooves to support it on the bowstring. Check whether the groove at the end of each arrow shaft is wide enough to accommodate your bowstring.

First, make an arrow.

In order to improve accuracy, you can make an arrow. Feathers are selected materials, but you can also choose other materials-paper, light cloth, or even leaves cut into a certain shape.

A: From the top, tear the feather to the center of the feather tube.

B: There are 20 mm wide feather tubes at both ends of the feather, which are used to tie the feather to the shaft.

C: Divide the circumference of the shaft into three equal parts and tie three symmetrical feather tubes.

Second, the arrow

The front end of the shaft can be sharpened and quenched directly. It will be better to fix the pole with extra sharp arrows. Tinplate is great: flint can also be sharpened to make real sharp arrows. The front end of the shaft is split from the central part, and the arrow is inserted and fastened. Tendon is a good binding material-use it when wet, and it will shrink when dry, so as to bind the arrow tightly.

Third, archery.

Draw a bow and arrow with the center of the bow parallel to the line of sight. Hold the bow in your left hand, the arrow in your right hand, pull the string back horizontally, and then release it-the arrow will fly out freely and shoot at the target. Practice more. Put a few more arrows in the bow sleeve and you can launch quickly.

Fourth, prevent being injured by arrows.

Many shooters find that when the arrow flies off the bowstring, it often rubs the skin on the cheeks and hands. Cheeks can be wrapped in headscarves or other fabrics, and wrists should be wrapped in leather cases.

Question 3: What are the strings of ancient bows and arrows made of? Originated from primitive society, crossbows were made of rope at first, but later on, the production technology has developed, and there are strict regulations on material selection, ingredients and production procedures. The original bow-making material was a single material, made of bamboo and wood, and later developed into a composite material, generally consisting of animal horns, tendons, bamboo, silk, paint, glue and so on.

In ancient China, there were strict requirements for the materials used to make bows, and detailed regulations were also made for the specific technological steps. "It is necessary to take six materials at the right time, and all six materials are gathered together, and the skillful ones are harmonious." Analyze the bow shaft in winter, cure the angle in spring, cure the tendons in summer, collect materials in autumn, put the bow arm in the bow box in winter, and repair the appearance in extremely cold winter. In winter, the wood texture of the bow shaft is naturally smooth and delicate; Curing horns in spring naturally moistens and softens; Treating tendons in summer will naturally not be entangled; Autumn harvest, white and tight; If the bow is fixed in winter, it will not deform; When it is extremely cold in winter, the glue and paint are completely dry, and the appearance can be repaired. Install bowstring in spring and hide it for another year before using it. The above complicated process takes two to three years. In the bow-making workshop, because all the work can be staggered and streamlined, there will be batches of finished products every year, but as far as a bow is concerned, its working hours cannot be shortened. The manufacture of compound bow represents the peak of ancient bow making, and the detailed record of compound bow manufacturing in the world was first seen in Flower King Gong Ji.

Question 4: What are the composite materials used in ancient bows and arrows, such as bamboo chips, sawdust, animal horns, fish glue, pigskin glue, etc.

Question 5: What materials were used to make bows in ancient times? Bamboo, pine, horn

Question 6: What was the ancient bow made of? The earliest bowstring used plant materials, such as cotton thread and twisted silk thread. , treated with glue to increase strength and tensile properties; In the later period, bowstring is usually made of animal materials, and the most common materials are cowhide, beef tendon and so on. Bowstring in Qing Dynasty was cut into spiral glue from raw cowhide. It is said that the bowstring of the English longbow is made of sheep intestines.

Question 7: What were ancient bows and arrows made of? Kao Gong Ji has detailed requirements and regulations on the selection of bow materials, processing methods, performance and combination of parts, and also analyzes the disadvantages that should be prevented in the processing. In Flower King Gong Ji, stem, horn, tendon, glue, silk and lacquer are called "six materials" and are considered as important materials for making bows.

"Dry", including all kinds of wood and bamboo, is used to make the main body of the bow arm, which is made by laminating multiple layers. The performance of dry wood plays a decisive role in the performance of bow. "Flower King Gong Ji" records: Zhemu is the upper dry wood, followed by wood, oak, etc., and bamboo is the lower dry wood. Wood is very strong, even if it is pushed and pulled, it will not break easily, and the arrow has a long shooting distance. The south bow and the north bow are obviously different in material. Bamboo is mostly used as a stem in the south, and this hard solid wood is mainly used in the north, especially in the northeast. This is also one of the reasons why the northern army always took the lead in ancient wars in China.

The "horn", that is, the horn of an animal, is made into a thin sheet and attached to the inside (abdomen) of the bow arm. According to "Flower King Gong Ji", the bow is dominated by horns, especially white, middle-aged and immature horns. "The horn is two feet and five inches (nearly fifty centimeters) long, and the three colors are not unreasonable, saying that cattle wear cattle." This is the best corner material (the price of a corner is equivalent to a cow, that is, the cow's head is not a corner, but two "cows"). Most cattle in northern China can't see the shadow of buffalo, so they have to use horns instead. From this perspective, this is the strength of the South Bow.

The situation of trying the bow was described in the Ming Dynasty's Tiangong Wu Kai (Qing Dynasty Edition)

Tendon, the tendon of an animal, is attached to the outside (back) of the bow arm. The function of ribs and angles is to enhance the elasticity of the bow arm and make the arrow stronger and deeper. According to "Flower King Gong Ji", beef tendon is the most commonly used "six ingredients". The tendons should be small and long, and the big ones should be round and moist.

"Glue", that is, animal glue, is used to bond dry wood and angle iron. Kao Gongji recommended six kinds of glue, such as deer glue, horse glue, cow glue, rat glue, fish glue and rhinoceros glue. The production method of glue "is generally to boil animal tissues such as animal skins in water, or add a small amount of lime alkali, then filter and steam." According to the experience of bow making in later generations, the fish glue made of yellow fish bladder is the best. Archers in China use fish glue to make the important parts of the bow, that is, the load-bearing parts, and use leather glue in less important places, such as covering the epidermis.

"Silk", that is, silk thread, tightly wraps the silk thread around the bow tube reinforced by knotting at the corner to make it stronger. According to Flower King Gong Ji, the choice of silk should be bright, just like in water.

"Painting": Paint the prepared bow arm to prevent frost and moisture erosion. Usually once every ten days until the bow arm can be protected.

Question 8: Ancient bows and arrows. What is Arrow Hyun made of? Bow strings are generally made of animal tendons, and beef tendons are the best.

In the early Warring States period, the Flower King Gong Ji recorded in detail the requirements of materials and techniques for making bows. The six materials of "taking six materials as bows" are: stems (zhe, mulberry, orange, papaya, Jing, bamboo, etc. ), horn (ox horn), tendon, glue (deer, horse, cow, mouse, fish, rhinoceros), silk, lacquer. Each material has clear selection criteria.

Question 9: What were the bows and arrows made of bamboo in ancient times? It is really made of bamboo. ...

Ancient bows and arrows were made of various materials, such as bone, wood and metal, mainly wood.

Question 10: What are the bows and arrows made of? Composite materials of ancient bows, bamboo chips, wood, animal horns, adhesive molding. Modern bow glass, carbon fiber, alloy, etc.

Ancient arrows were made of bamboo, wood and feathers. Modern arrows are made of glass fiber, alloy, bamboo and other materials.