What is the reason for the prosperity of Tang poetry?

First of all, economic prosperity provides abundant material conditions for the prosperity of poetry. Economic prosperity, convenient transportation and social stability provide a solid material foundation and a good social environment for the prosperity and development of Tang poetry. This is the concrete material condition for Li Bai, Du Fu and other poets to wander freely in the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, while Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan casually "flag and sing".

Second, the unprecedented national unification provided a realistic foundation for the prosperity of Tang poetry. China is a multi-ethnic country. Since the Han Dynasty, a multi-ethnic unity has been formed. Later, due to the decay of the ruling class, the split situation reappeared in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty ended the chaotic situation of the split between the North and the South, and the Tang Dynasty restored and developed the multi-ethnic unity.

In order to seal and govern the border areas, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the frontier defense work and rewarded it greatly. This stimulated people's enthusiasm for going to the frontier to join the army, especially some literati, who went to the frontier to join the shogunate and hired the battlefield with the lords. "Being a centurion is better than being a scholar." "Fame is just around the corner. It' s really a man' s master and a woman' s master. " It has become a fashion to make contributions. The frontier fortress's military life and exotic scenery increased their knowledge, broadened their horizons and stimulated their creative enthusiasm, and a large number of poets came into being to express their frontier fortress feelings. According to statistics, there are more than 2000 poems with frontier fortress as the theme in the whole Tang Dynasty. The prosperity of frontier fortress poetry adds luster to the prosperity of Tang poetry.

Thirdly, the imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry and fu promoted the study and research of poetry by literati.

Look into it. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the social economy recovered rapidly, and the landlord power among the common people continued to rise. In order to widely absorb the civilian landlords' participation in politics and the Tang and Sui systems, the Jiupin Zhong Zheng system, which protected the privileges of the gentry in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, was abolished and the imperial examination was implemented. Imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into two categories: formal and systematic. The system is presided over by the emperor, and the subjects are temporarily set up and are not often held. Usually cited once a year, it is divided into six subjects: scholar, quiet, Jinshi and Faming. Candidates are concentrated in two subjects: scholar and Jinshi. Scholars mainly focus on poetry and fu, which is hard to reach, but it is easy to be promoted because of its wide occupation, especially for scholars. "Although the gentry is a very important person, it is not good to be a scholar." Most of the poems that should be written in the imperial examination are embellished and carved. However, the imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry has stimulated people's anger and put most of their energy into poetry creation, which is conducive to the continuous improvement of poetry art forms and the wide spread of creative experience. Xu Yan's "Canghua Poetry Review" said: "Or ask why Tang poetry wins our court? Tang studied poetry, so he specialized in it, and the poetry I faced was not as good as that. "

Fourth, the ruler's personal hobbies and advocacy help the whole society pay attention to the formation of poetic atmosphere. Monarchs in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to poetry, and all of them were capable of poetry. Emperor Taizong successively opened a literature museum and a Hong Wen museum, recruited a bachelor, compiled documents, and sang and chanted with them. Gaozong and Huang Wu often create their own new words for fun. Xuanzong himself was a poet. He told himself that every time he wrote a poem, he "liked to forget his worries". Seventy-two bachelor of arts, literati poetry. Huang Wu held a banquet for his ministers. Song wrote the best poems and was awarded a royal robe. The emperor's hobbies and advocacy improved the poet's reputation and helped to form an atmosphere in which the whole society attached importance to poetry.

Fifth, it is the premise of producing a large number of poems attacking powerful people and truly reflecting riffraff. The peak of literature and art always appears in the era of relative liberation of thought. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were honest and generous, and dared to recruit talents. Wei Zhi who dared to remonstrate with Emperor Taizong; Wu Zetian reused the sage Di Renjie; Tang Xuanzong did not violate the ban on poetry that directly stabbed him. "When you meet a wise Lord, you dare to speak up and down." Poets in the Tang Dynasty expressed their opinions in a relatively free ideological space. Li Bai: "Treacherous court officials want to steal the throne, and they build groups of parties." Du Fu: "The side court is bleeding into sea water, but the heart of Emperor Wu is still beating for the war." ..... These immortal poems that boldly expose powerful people can only be widely circulated if they are published in a relaxed social environment where literature is forbidden. The relaxed political atmosphere in which literature is banned liberates the creativity of national art, the creativity of poets who are desperate to pursue art, and makes poets desperate to pursue artistic creation and perfection.

6. "An Shi Rebellion" enriched the poet's creative material. Great changes in society have inspired the poet and enriched his creation.

Materials. Poets such as Du Fu, Yuan Jie and Gu Kuang made painful observation and sober reflection on the dark reality, and created a large number of excellent poems that exposed class contradictions and reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood.

7. Cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the development of various arts have also had a far-reaching impact on the development of Tang poetry. The economic prosperity, strong national strength and well-developed land and water transportation of the Tang Empire greatly promoted the cultural exchanges of all ethnic groups at home and abroad, and injected new content and fresh vitality into the traditional Tang Wenhua. As a sister art of poetry, music, dance, painting and sculpture have also been impacted and influenced by other national cultures. From Du Fu's eagle painting, Gao Shi's horse painting, Bai Juyi's Hu Xuan's dance and Han Yu's clever listening to the piano, we can see that poets in the Tang Dynasty were very good at absorbing nutrients from other arts to nourish themselves, and they were brave enough to accept new things.

Eight, the law of literary development itself is the internal factor of the prosperity of Tang poetry.

The development of any literary form in any era, on the one hand, is the inheritance of previous literature and art, on the other hand, it has its own reform and development, and so is Tang poetry. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the development of poetry experienced a long historical development process. Five-character ancient poems and seven-character ancient poems have matured, and metrical poems and quatrains have basically crossed the experimental stage. They have accumulated rich experience in creative methods, stylistic features, artistic skills, the use of temperament, and the creation of language styles, which provide valuable wealth for the development of Tang poetry. Poets in the Tang Dynasty not only inherited and developed the realistic and romantic literary traditions from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, but also developed artistic traditions in various forms and techniques. What is commendable is that the poets in the Tang Dynasty did not simply take literary and artistic heritage, but adopted a scientific attitude of criticism, inheritance and innovation. Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty is a continuation of the floating poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties, with the official style of "beauty and charm" dominating. In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding poets used practice to lead poetry from the palace to the market, from Taige to Jiangshan and Saimo. Expand the field of poetry theme. Chen Ziang denounced the poetry circles as "colorful, but never flourished", and advocated "Han and Wei style" and "five simple and elegant rites", which swept away the legacy of Qi and Liang in theory and practice and opened the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry. Li Bai, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, thought that "beauty is not precious since Jian 'an". While studying Chu Ci, Yuefu created a unique romantic poetry style and completed the mission of poetry innovation. His spirit of pursuing ideals and demanding freedom, and his unrestrained, magnificent and elegant style have opened up a situation for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Du Fu clearly put forward: "It is elegant and not illusory, but beneficial to many teachers. "Criticism and inheritance pay attention to both ideological content and tonal form. Du Fu's poetry pushed realistic poetry to the peak with its profound content, gloomy and vigorous style and rigorous narrative. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran praised the tranquility and comfort of landscape and countryside, while Cen Can described the magnificence of frontier fortress scenery. Many schools have created a large number of works with different styles, which ushered in the complicated situation of Tang poetry.