Ask for some common sense concepts in history books?

The Warring States Policy is a national history book compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 33 books. From the 16th year of Zhou Pingzhen (453 BC) to the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the historical facts of politics, military affairs and diplomacy of various countries during the Warring States Period were sorted out, with the emphasis on the strategists' strategies and remarks. The Warring States Policy is very successful in language application, and its unique language style is composed of eloquent argumentation, extravagant narration, sharp satire and intriguing humor. It marks the development of China's ancient historical prose to a new height, and has a great influence on the creation of later prose and ci-fu.

9. A New Ode to Yutai

The total volume of Ji Zi edited by Chen in Southern Dynasties is 10. This book was written in the Liang Dynasty, and it is another influential collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Representative works include Peacock Flying Southeast (original title: Ancient Poems by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife).

10. Yuefu Poetry

Guo Song Mao Qian's Collection of Yuefu Poems. Collect Yuefu songs from Han, Wei, Tang and Five Dynasties, and ballads from pre-Qin to the end of Tang Dynasty. Including folk songs and literati works, as well as the original words and imitations of future generations. Yuefu was originally a music organ set up by the government at that time, specializing in making music movements and collecting and sorting out songs of folk music from all over the country. These movements and songs were later called "Yuefu Poems" and became a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.

1 1.24 History

It refers to 24 historical books from Historical Records to Ming History. Among them, middle school textbooks involve: Historical Records (Korean? Sima Qian); Hanshu (Eastern Han Dynasty? Ban gu); The Book of the Later Han Dynasty (Southern Song Dynasty? Ye Fan); The reflection, (gold? Chen Shou); "New Tang Book" (Song? Ouyang Xiu); History of the New Five Dynasties (Song? Ouyang Xiu); "Ming history" (Qing? Zhang et al. ).

12. Four histories

It refers to the first four histories of the twenty-four histories, namely, Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and The History of the Three Kingdoms. Sikuquanshu is a large-scale comprehensive series of ancient books compiled by officials in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. A total of 346 1 species and 79,309 volumes of important ancient books and records before Qianlong in Qing Dynasty were collected, which were divided into more than 36,000 volumes according to classics (books listed as classics and annotated by Confucianism) and history (books describing historical facts, geographical boundaries, official positions, etc.). ), volume (hundreds of works since the Warring States period and various scientific and technological works of workers, peasants and soldiers, medicine and so on. ), and anthology (poems of writers of past dynasties).

Third, group sports.

1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty

Yang Jiong, Lu,, and other early Tang writers. These four people made great achievements in the early Tang literary world, which reversed the extravagant literary atmosphere at that time.

2. The ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty.

The literary innovation movement in Tang and Song Dynasties mainly revived Confucianism, opposed parallel prose and advocated ancient prose. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are advocates of the ancient prose movement. Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty.

3. Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties

Tang writers Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, Song writers Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi. These eight people all have high literary achievements in prose creation.

The New Yuefu Movement, represented by Bai Juyi, advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things".

4. Susan

Su Xun, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe. Father and son are famous for their writing style and are called "three sows".

5. The Four Masters of Yuanqu Opera

Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu are four writers of zaju. They represent the achievements of different schools in different periods of Yuan Zaju.

6. Fu She

The literary societies in the late Ming Dynasty, mainly composed of Zhang Yan and Zhang Cai, were originally established to learn from each other's strengths and sharpen their conduct, but they also had a strong political color.

7. Tongcheng School

The schools of prose in Qing Dynasty are mainly represented by Fang Bao, Liu Da and Yao Nai. Because they are all from Tongcheng, Anhui, they are called Tongcheng School. Tongcheng school advocates simple and clear style of writing and strives for halal elegance.

Fourth, literary genre.

1.fu

It is a style in ancient China, emphasizing literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose. It is characterized by "spreading articles, writing things and writing ambitions", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotions through scenery. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu". Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc.

2. Parallel prose

This style originated from the Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It appears alternately with four characters and six characters, and is called "Liu Siwen" in the world. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content by accommodating sentence patterns and piling up words. After Han and Liu advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined. The most famous is The Book with Zhu written by Wu Liangjun in the Southern Dynasties.

Step 3 be original

The original intention is the ancient argumentative style. This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.

argue

"Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong.

say

The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. It was not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as reasoning analysis. On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." The articles of this genre we have studied include On Teachers, On Horses, On young chinese, On Snake Catchers, On Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, etc.

6. at

Theory is a kind of essay style, according to Yun: "Commentator, discuss also". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies. For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, in political theory, it is fallacious for a bachelor and doctor to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classics and history. " For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin.

7. monument

Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. "The article has a body order": "Seven countries used to call books, and Qin changed books to play. There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, play until it collapses; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of deliberation, there is deliberation. "

(1) sparse. It means detailed report. For example, Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage.

(2) table. Just stating a point or something. Such as Zhuge Liang's "model".

(3) countermeasures. In ancient exams, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures, such as Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategies".

8. Preface and practice

Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface", it is an article that explains the intention, arrangement style and author of writing or publishing a book. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "preface" is usually written at the front of a book or article (some are listed at the back, such as historical records? Taishi Gongxu), listed at the back of the book is called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.

9. preface

Stylistic name. In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud. After that, all farewell articles, which are not attached to the poem, are also called prefaces, and their contents are mostly words of praise or encouragement. We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty.

10. Ming

In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". Inscriptions carved on cards and placed on the right side of the case to protect themselves, such as Liu Yuxi's "My Humble Room", are called "mottos". An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.

1 1.

Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".

12. Myth; legend

One of the novel genres. Named for its bizarre and magical plot. Generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Such as Biography of Liu Yi and Biography of Conan. Because "legends" are mostly based on later rap and drama, Song and Yuan operas, Yuan zaju operas and Ming and Qing operas are also called "legends". For example, Tang Xianzu, a playwright in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Peony Pavilion, and Kong in the early Qing Dynasty wrote the legendary drama Peach Blossom Fan.

Five, the style of history books

1. chronological style

Chronological historical events, such as Zuo Zhuan.

2. Biography

Reflect historical events by describing people's activities, such as historical records.

3. Chronicle of the original body

Take the event as the center and collect relevant thematic materials. Originated from Yuan Shu in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, Yuan Shu's History as a Mirror.

4. Country style

History recorded separately by country. For example, the warring States policy.

5. General history

Constantly recount historical events from ancient times to the present, such as historical records.

6. dynastic history

Record the history of a certain period or dynasty, such as Hanshu.

The above six styles are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can be divided into different styles according to different standards. For example, The History of the Three Kingdoms belongs to biographical style, national style and dynastic history.

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Report | 2013-11-0612: 28 Enthusiastic users

1. The article is eternal, and the gains and losses are well known-Don Du Fu's "Even Topic"

2. If you don't write a poem for a day, your heart will be like an abandoned well-Tang Jia Dao's Play for Friends.

3. It is difficult to copy a poem after it is lost —— Shi's Visit to Two Monks in Wheeler in Lari Gushan.

4. Is the article really cherished by yourself and passed down from generation to generation? -On the Poetry of Kim Wang Ruoxu.

5. I wrote my mouth by hand. How could I be detained in ancient times? -Qing Zun Xian's mixed feelings

6. It's pitiful to bow down to others when there are lingyun pens —— On Thirty Poems by Jin Yuanhao

7. We must teach ourselves what to do instead of following others' footsteps —— Comment on Dai Song Fugu's ten poems.

8. The sounds of nature are full of fun, and good poems are unreasonable-On Twelve Poems by Zhang Qing Wen Tao.

9. Autumn moon and winter snow on the riverside, don't listen to Chen Yan, just listen to the sky-reading Song Wanli's Zhang Wenqian poems

10. Don't write the sentence of death into the poem. This move is from the poem "Imitating Yuan Mountain" by Qing Yuanmei 1. The first poetess was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).

2. The first biographical history: Historical Records

3. The first dictionary is Erya.

The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.

5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.

6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology

7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.

8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing

9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu

10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.

1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius

12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.

13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu

14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu

15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru

16. Yuefu Shuangbi: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, and chanting is the three wonders of Yuefu.

17. A mirror of historical records.

18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)

19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu

20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.

2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.

22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

23. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.

24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.

25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.

26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

27. Sangong: During the week, Sima Situpu was ordinary.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Qiu was a doctor.

Qingming, Taishi, Taifu Taibao

28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi

29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.

30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.

3 1. Three friends in the cold year: Songzhumei

32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.

33. Three elements of scientific research: the first after having obtained the provincial examination, the first after winning the exam, the first in palace examination, and the first in the school (Huiyuan, the champion).

34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.

35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.

36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)

37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.

38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.

39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.

40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"

4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake

Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter

42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of "Love": Fog, Rain and Electricity

Riptide trilogy: Spring and Autumn Homeland

43. The first national history: Mandarin

44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.

45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.

46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan

47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).

48. The first monograph on literary criticism-"Dian Lun Paper" (Cao Pi)

49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming

50. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie, a native of A Liang, wrote his first monograph on literary theory and criticism, Wen Xin Diao Long.

5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism & Zhong Rong's Poems, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in the form of notes: Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty.

53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's Travel Notes of Xu Xiake in Ming Dynasty.

54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao 1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars.

2. The first translation of evolution in China: Huxley's theory of evolution translated by Yan Fu. He is a man who became an interpreter without knowing anything.

3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman.

The first writer who opened up "Fairy Tale Garden" was Ye Shengtao.

6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West.

7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor.

8. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works include: Longxugou.

9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism.

10. The two representatives of Confucianism are: Kong Qiu and Mencius, who are regarded as the most holy and the second holy respectively.

1 1. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier fortress ci, represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can, and frontier fortress ci represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zi. The former was vigorous, while the latter was simple.

12. Song ci is often divided into two categories: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao.

13. Two banners held high by the May 4th New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics, advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature.

14. Diaries of Two Madmen >:> Author: Nikolai Gogol of Russia and Lu Xun of China.

15. There are two great epics in world literature: Iliad Odyssey.

16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (great knowledge and great sense), Dharma (the doctrine of Buddhism) and monk (the person who inherits or preaches the doctrine).

17. three obedience, four virtues and three obedience: unmarried from the father, married from the husband, and dead from the child.

Four virtues: women's virtue, women's words, women's behavior, women's virtue and women's ceremony.

18. The initial, intermediate and final voltages are collectively referred to as three volts. The third Geng day in summer is the first day of the first stay, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the intermediate stay, and the first Geng day after the autumn festival is the first day of the last stay. The first stay is ten days, the last stay is ten days, and the middle stay is ten days and twenty days.

19. Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: Three cardinal guides: the father is a subclass and the minister is a husband and wife.

The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

20. Third Grandma and Sixth Grandma: Third Grandma: a nun, a Taoist, and a nun.

Six women: matchmaker, teacher (witch), aunt, pious woman, medicine woman and midwife.

2 1. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San: Fuxi Suiren Shennong

Five Emperors: The Yellow Emperor locks Di Ku Yao and Shun.

22. Three religions and nine streams: Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

96: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang Law, Famous Mohism and Miscellaneous Farmers.

23. Three Mountains and Five Mountains: Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea: Yingzhou, Penglai and Abbot;

Wuyue: Dongyue Taishan Nanyue Hengshan Xiyue Huashan Beiyue Hengshan Zhongyue Songshan

24. Three natures: cattle, sheep and pigs are sacrificed (too prison) (less prison without cattle)

25. Three unifications: The principle of drama creation formulated by European classical generalized drama theorists is: the same place, the same time and the same plot.

26. Samoan Buddhism: Stop worrying and focus on one situation. (one of the methods of practice)

27. Buddhist Sanzang: It is always said that the fundamental teachings are classics, the commandments are laws, and the teachings are explanations (monks who know Sanzang well are called Sanzang Masters).

28. Three provinces and six departments: three provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making), Xiamen Province (deliberation) and Shangshu Province (implementation)

Six-part series: Li Bing Palace in Li Hu.

29. Three Soviets: Jiangsu and Zhejiang armed forces: upper, middle and lower/left, middle and right/land, sea and air.

30. Sanwu: Huiji, Xing Wu, Wu Jun (Danyang) Three Kingdoms: Wei Shuwu

3 1. Sanqin: Wang Yong (west), Wang Sai (east), Quwang (northern Shaanxi)

32. Three Chu: Ling Gang-Wu Chu-Dongchu Pengcheng-Xichu

33. Three primary colors: red, green and blue

34. Three Graves and Five Codes: Three Graves: Fuxi Shennong Huangdi

Five yards: Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Gaoxin, Tang Yao and Yu Shun.

35. Three-body Stone Scripture: Zuo Zhuan of Shangshu in the Spring and Autumn Period/Ancient Chinese character Han Li.

Come to 30 literary common sense 1. Four classic books: The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities.

2. Taiping Imperial Bookstore Yuan Gui Wen Yuan Hua Ying Quanyu.

3. Four Kings of Warring States: Meng Changjun of Qi, Ping Yuanjun of Zhao, Shen Jun of Chu and New Ling Jun of Wei.

4. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty:, Yang Jiong, Lu,,.

5. Four great writers in Northern Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.

6. The four masters of Yuan Qu: Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu.

7. Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and zhou wenbin were the four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty.

8. Four Great Calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.

9. Four masters of regular script: Tang-Yan Zhenqing Liu Gongquan Ouyang Yuyuan-Zhao Mengfu

10. Four calligraphy styles: Zhen (Kai) seal.

1 1. Four Treasures of the Study: ink and wash rice paper inkstone.

12. Four major libraries in China: Wen Yuan Pavilion in Beijing, Wenshui Pavilion in Shenyang, Jinwen Pavilion in Chengde and Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou.

13. Four Ancient Literati Arts (Literati's Elegant Taste): Qinqi Calligraphy and Painting

14. Four Gentlemen of Chinese Painting: Meiju

15. Shu Si Ku: Shi Jing subset.

16. Four brothers: Bo (Meng) Zhong Shuji

17. Wuhu: Xiongnu Xianbei Jieqiang

18. Wuhua: Jin Juhua —— selling flower girl kapok —— daffodils on the street —— hot flowers of singers in restaurants —— local cowflowers juggling —— some porters.

19. Eight doors: towel skin, fortune telling, fortune telling, selling medicine, hanging juggling, river lake drama, pingtan pingtan group, singing opera in the street, talking about paper platform and singing opera.

20. Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest: Ji Kang was born in Dan Tao, Xiangxiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling.

2 1. Seven sons of Jian 'an: Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Liu Zhen.

22. Seven strategies (seven latitudes): sun, moon, Jin Mu, water, fire and earth.

23. Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Zhao Wei, Han Qi and Qin Chuyan.

24. Seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love and evil desire.

25. Seven ancient capitals: Beijing, Xi, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Anyang.

26. The Eight Immortals of Myth: Han Zhong Zuo Zhang He Xiangu Lan Caihe Han Xiangzi Cao Guojiu.

27. Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xunzhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong

28. Eight of the eighty years in Wen Qi: Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Song, Jin Dynasty, Qi Liang and Sui Chen.

29. The four seasons and eight festivals refer to the spring equinox in beginning of spring, the long summer solstice, the autumn equinox in beginning of autumn and the winter solstice.

30. Bagua: In the Gankun earthquake, Kun, Kan, Li and Gen are the symbols of thunder, wind, water, fire and mountains.

3 1. Eight-part essay Eight-part essay: Starting from the beginning of the topic, starting from the intermediate shares and then bundling the shares.

32. Yangzhou Eight Strange Fingers; Wang Liyi Jin Nong Huang Shen Gao Xie

33. Kyushu refers to: Ji Yanjing Qing Yang Liang Yong Yu Xu.

34. Jiuzu refers to: great-great-grandfather's own children, great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

35. The nine chapters refer to: the mourning of cherishing the river, thinking about the beauty of Huai Sha, the past of cherishing oranges, and the mourning of returning to the air.

36. The Nine Songs refer to: Emperor Taiyi, Yun, Madam Xiang, Little Thinking, Fate, Hebo, and National Mourning.

37. Ten fingers; Jiuliujia