How did people in the Spring and Autumn Period put numbers in through calculation?

Calculation and preparation is a kind of calculation tool in ancient China, generally made of small bamboo sticks, and later made of wood, bones and so on. Generally, it is about 12 cm long and 2-4 mm in diameter. The method of calculation by calculation is called calculation.

It is said that calculation appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and is the oldest calculation tool in the world. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, it is a round bamboo stick with a length of 23.86 cm and a cross-sectional diameter of 0.23 cm. In the 6th and 7th centuries, in the Sui Dynasty, the calculation length was shortened, and the round stick was changed to square or flat. According to the literature, in addition to bamboo chips, there are sawdust, iron chips, jade chips and dental chips. When calculating, put it into vertical and horizontal graphs, and represent any natural number according to the principle of vertical and horizontal alternation (for example, 6708 means ⊥, and zero means vacancy), so as to perform algebraic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root. After negative numbers appear, there are two kinds of dividends, red chips represent positive numbers and black chips represent negative numbers. This kind of operation tool and method was unique in the world at that time.