Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty Culture

Zhu was an important Neo-Confucianism, educator and historian in the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote books all his life to discuss the unprecedented revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and under the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, he formed a new Confucian thought-Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism has made great progress in constructing the metaphysics and ontology of Confucianism, focusing on interpretation and talking about life. Its representatives are Wuzi (Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi), Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan. Zhu, a master of Neo-Confucianism, believes that "reason" and "qi" coexist and are inseparable, but there are differences in order. Reason is the source of all things. "Heaven and justice" and "human desire" are two opposite sides. Man's desire is the root of all evil, so we should get rid of man's desire and keep justice. After the development of Cheng and Zhu, Neo-Confucianism developed into a complete philosophical system and became the official philosophy at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, Lu Jiuyuan thought that "the universe is my heart, and the heart is the universe" and "the heart is reason". People should get rid of people's desires, keep their original heart, and reach the realm of being bright and not wanting. Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts, inherited and developed by Wang Shouren, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty, formed a new philosophical system-the theory of mind, and occupied a dominant position after the middle of Ming Dynasty. In addition to Neo-Confucianism and psychology, a third academic force, Dong Zhe Gonggong School, appeared at the end of Song Dynasty, which was composed of Jinhua School represented by Lv Zuqian, Yongkang School represented by Chen Liang and Yongjia School represented by Ye Shi.