Regional geological survey and achievements of mineral exploration department

(Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

First, the establishment background and development of the Bureau of Mineral Exploration

The full name of the Mineral Investigation Office is the Mineral Investigation Office of the Resources Committee, which was established to meet the needs of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and conduct a national mineral survey. Founded in June 1942, its predecessor can be traced back to Jianghua Mining Bureau of Resources Committee. 1 9401June1day, the resources Committee changed the prospecting engineering office along the Zhaotong railway in Yunnan into the southwest mineral exploration office, and its work scope was limited to Guizhou, Yunnan and Kangsan provinces. 1 942 65438+1October1,the Southwest Mineral Exploration Bureau was reorganized as a national institution, and the word "southwest" was deleted and changed to the National Mineral Exploration Bureau. The scope of exploration is not limited by provinces and regions. 1June, 943, due to inconvenient transportation, the mineral exploration office moved to Guiyang, Guizhou. At the end of 1945, the mineral exploration department was ordered to return to Nanjing. The address was at No.21Emei Road, the former site of geological society of china Club. After 1949, Comrade Wan Li of Erye was ordered to take over the Mineral Exploration Department. The Mineral Investigation Department of the Resources Committee was renamed as the Mineral Investigation Department of Nanjing Military Management Committee, with Xie as the director. Later, it was attached to the East China Ministry of Industry. 1950, the Bureau of Mineral Exploration once again belongs to the Central Financial and Economic Committee, and its director is Xie. 195 1 The Mineral Exploration Department became a part of the steering committee of China Geological Work Plan, and in June it was changed to the Nanjing office of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of the Geological Committee. The Ministry of Geology was established in August 1952 and became the Nanjing office of the Ministry of Geology.

Two. Summary of regional geological survey of mineral exploration bureau

1. Preparation period (1940.10.1~1942.10.1)

This period is the preparation period of regional geological survey, and the simple regional geological survey is as follows:

1940

Pai 10 team along the Kunming-Weining section of Xukun Railway, Gejiu, Baoshan, Tengchong and Lanping. Completed the geological and mineral map of Kunming-Weining section of Xukun Railway1∶100,000 yuan, and made an analysis of Weining, Dezhuo, Tongchanghe, Daotianba copper mine, Xuanwei Ruotang Chage coalfield, Zhanyi Kaju coalfield, Qujing Ciying lignite, Xuanwei Dasuopo coalfield, Xundian Lang Mai coalfield, copper, lead, zinc and silver mine along Xukun Railway.

194 1 year

The topographic map covers an area of 90km2, including 60 geological maps, 30 mining area maps, 3 *** 543 maps in Yunnan Province, 74 maps in Xikang Province, 262 maps in Sichuan Province, and 65,438+maps in Guizhou Province 1 *150. * * * sent a 19 investigation team covering 24 counties in eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan, including Zhenxiong, Weixin, Yanjin, Daguan, Yiliang, Weining, Zhaotong, Ludian, Shuicheng, Huize, Qiaojia, Kunming, Wenshan, Xiangyun, Midu, Binchuan, Hua Meng and Longdong. Zhaotong lignite detailed investigation, Weining Shuicheng coal-iron mine, Lemachang lead-silver mine, Wenshan tungsten mine, mineral resources survey in western Yunnan, Kunming bauxite mine.

1942

Mapping topographic map area 145km2, Yunnan 1∶65438+ ten thousand, 18 1, 1∶50000, 3 copies each, 309 copies each. There are1:150 pictures in Guizhou province. There are 2 topographic maps of Zhuji to Chongqing1∶ 50,000, with 77 maps each. Xikang province1:65438+100000 people *** 74. Sichuan province 1: 1, 1, *** 262. 8 topographic maps of1∶ 50,000 near Kunming. * * * sent an investigation team 18, and the scope of work was extended to counties in southern Hunan besides eastern Yunnan, western Yunnan and western Guizhou. Guiyang, Changning and Linwu in Hunan, Zunyi, Jinsha, Qianxi, Xiuwen, Zhu Gui, Dading and Bijie in Guizhou, Shizong, Luoping, Yongshan, Qiaojia, Dongchuan, Luquan, Wuding, Fumin, Songming, Yimen, Yuxi and Eshan in Yunnan, with a surveying and mapping area of 40000km2. Detailed measurements were made in Dachuanbu Coalfield, Xiaohe Coalfield, Weining Ertang Arch Bridge Coalfield, other Shuicheng Coalfield, Luquan Xundian Coalfield, Panxian Puan Coalfield and Pingyi Luoping shizong county Coalfield. Shuicheng Guanyinshan Iron Mine, Hezhang Iron Mine, Yimen Iron Mine, Luosiding Iron Mine, Pingyi Luopingjian Iron Mine, Luquan Iron Mine and Xiuwen Jinsha qianxi county Iron Mine. Laojuntai lead-zinc mine in Fule Town, Luoping, lead-silver mine in Qiaojiamao Formation, lead-silver mine in Qiaojiabaima Factory and Wanfa Copper-lead-silver mine, lead-silver mine in Annan Huagong in Baohe Market, Bin County, lead-silver mine in Banbiling County and lead-silver mine in Xundian County, Luquan. Qiaojia Gu Wei Copper Mine, Qiaojia Yuping Copper Mine, Yongshan Qiaojia Zhaotong Xuanwu Copper Mine, Binxian Copper Mine, Guiyang Luzi Copper Mine and Luquan Qiaojia Chongming Copper Mine. Pingyi Yujialaochang Antimony Mine, Pingyi Hetaochong Antimony Mine, Shizong Nanya Antimony Mine, Annan Xiaochang Antimony Mine, Myanmar Maiyou Zhafang Antimony Mine and Xingren Xiashan Antimony Mine. Xingren Lanmuchang mercury mine, Pu 'an Xiaotun mercury mine, Jinsha Dalongjing mercury mine. Anyuan tin-tungsten mine in Binxian, Xianghualing tin-tungsten mine in Linwu, Dayishan tin-tungsten mine in Changning, Guiyang and Langcun tin mine in Yizhang.

2. Initial period (1942.10 ~1945)

1942 65438+ 10/month 1 thank you for your guidance. All departments 1 director, five classes, divided into five classes: general affairs, surveying and mapping, geology, engineering and accounting. 22 people to 3 1 person, workers 1 1 person to 16 people. The investigation can be divided into three categories: mineral survey, regional geological survey and other surveys. Mineral survey is mainly based on detailed survey of mining areas, supplemented by route and regional geological survey.

The regional geological survey is as follows:

1943

Completed the regional geological and mineral map of Xikang South 1:110,000, and sent1team to Zishuiyu, Changning, Yongxing, Xintian, Ningyuan, Qiyang, Jianghua, Hunan-Guizhou border, Duyun, Dushan, Guiyang, Xiuwen and Guizhou. Completed geophysical prospecting in Huize copper-lead-zinc mine area in Yunnan, prospecting in Guanyinshan in Shuicheng, Guizhou, lignite drilling in Zhaotong, mineral investigation in Xikang, and continued prospecting in Hunan tin-tungsten mine. Delineation of Shuicheng coalfield drilling and investigation of refractory materials, sampling of Duyun Duishan coal mine and Xiuwen aluminum mine in Zhu Gui on Guizhou-Guangxi railway, investigation of aluminum mine near Kunming, preliminary investigation of mercury mine in Hunan-Guizhou border, and hydrogeological investigation along Zishui.

1944

Topographic map of Yunwushan Bauxite 1∶ 2500 in Zhu Gui County, Guizhou Province. * * * 9 teams were sent to Xiuwen, Kaiyang, Guiyang, Pingyue, Pingba, Duyun and Dushan coalfields in Guizhou. Detailed survey was made on Pingyao Maoying bauxite mine, Guiyang coalfield, Guizhou Yunwushan bauxite mine, Guizhou Guanbauxite mine, Guizhou Pingba Qingzhen bauxite mine, Guizhou Zhongcaosi coal mine and Guizhou Duyun Dushan coal mine.

1945

Guiyang Huajiashan Coalfield 1: 5000 Topographic Map, Yunnan Fumin Laojingshan Park 1: 65438 Topographic Map, Yunnan Anning Caopu Bauxite 1, 1:000 Topographic Map, Yunnan Kunming 1:5000 Majiezi Topographic Map. Detailed investigation was carried out on Changshou Oilfield in Sichuan, aluminum mine in Yunnan and Fumin coal mine in Yunnan, and Sichuan Jianyang Oil Mine Team, Guizhou Zhu Gui Aluminum Mine Team and Guizhou Duyun Coal Mine Team were dispatched.

Since the victory of the Anti-Japanese War 1940 ~ 1945, the Mineral Exploration Department has survived tenaciously and completed all the work under the difficult circumstances of high Japanese goods and living expenses. These include detailed investigation of Weining coal and iron mine in Shuicheng, Zhaotong lignite drilling, discovery and detailed investigation of Yunnan-Guizhou high-grade bauxite, general survey of Xikang and western Yunnan, and oil exploration in central Sichuan.

3. Great development period (1945 ~ 1950)

After Japan surrendered, it entered a more brilliant stage. The mineral exploration department from southwest or offline exploration to later point detailed investigation, from ground geological observation to abdominal engineering drilling. During this period, Xie pioneered the geological survey and exploration contracting in China. In those years, he won one victory after another, discovering new coalfields in Huainan, phosphorite in Fengtai, Anhui, and gibbsite bauxite in Zhangpu, Fujian. From 1945 to 1949, the prospecting method has changed again. In addition to naked eye observation, mechanical drilling was also used, and a number of drilling rigs that were not set up by other geological institutions in China were ordered. From 200 ~500m to 500 m, there are more than ten diamond bit coring drills started with gasoline. From then on, how to integrate theory with practice in economic geology has been made clear.

The regional geological survey is as follows:

1946

*** 15 Team, Kailuan, Hebei, Huainan Basin, Dangtu, Anhui, Donghai, Nanjing, Daye, Hubei, Zhangpu, Fujian, Dayu, Jiangxi, Xinhua, Ruyuan, Lechang, Qujiang, Fuchuan, Cangwu, Binyang, Mianyang, Suining, Baxian, Longchang, Gejiu, Yunnan. Detailed investigation of Kailuan Coalfield, Donghai Phosphate Mine, Fujian Zhangpu Aluminum Mine, Daye Iron Mine, Guangdong-Guangxi Tungsten Mine and Chuanzhong Oilfield, drilling Huainan new coalfield, found Huainan Bagongshan new coalfield.

1947

* * * Team 24, Haicheng, Liaoning, Lin Yu, Tangshan, Kailuan, Tongshan, Jiangsu, Donghai, Liuhe, Jiangpu, Chuxian, Bengbu, Lushan, Jiangxi, Pingxiang, Hsinchu, Taiwan Province, Zhangpu, Fujian, Xinhua, Hunan, Anhua, Zhongshan, Guangxi, Nandanjian, Tiandong, Tian Yang, Xilin and Xilong, Guangdong. A detailed investigation was made on uranium mines in Northeast China, Hsinchu coalfield in Taiwan Province Province, Guangxi Uranium Mine Drilling, Xinhua Antimony Mine in Hunan Province, Xiangjiang Coalfield and Huainan Coalfield. The total drilling footage was more than 3,000 meters, and Fengtai Phosphate Mine, Fujian Zhangpu Aluminum Mine and Fengtai Shanjinjia Coalfield were discovered.

1948

*** 24 teams, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin and Wuxi in Nanjing, Xing Wu, Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Jiangshan in Zhejiang, Xuancheng, Fengtai and Huainan in Anhui, Wannian and Fengcheng in Jiangxi, Fenyi, Pingxiang, Yongxin, Taihe, Ruichang, Hukou and Yingde in Guangdong, Leizhou Peninsula in Hainan, Fuhe Central District in Guangxi and Youjiang in Sichuan. The groundwater in Taiwan Province Province, Boer Coalfield in Jiangxi Province, Yuganjian Coalfield in Fengcheng, Rare Metals in Guangxi, Tuitang Coalfield, Fengtai Phosphate Mine and Xiwan Coalfield were surveyed in detail, with a total footage of 4,877 meters.

1949

* * * Team 9, Jiangning, Qixia Mountain and Ningzhen Mountain in Jiangsu, Dangtu, Huainan and Tongling in Anhui, Zhaoyuan and Laiyang in Shandong. Complete the regional geological and mineral map of central and southern Shandong and the geological and mineral map of Great Huainan Basin, investigate Linglong Gold Mine, Shandong Fenzishan Magnesite, Laiyang Graphite Mine and Tongguanshan Copper Mine in detail, and explore Qixiashan Lead Mine in the trough.

1950

* * * 12 team, northeast Anshan, Benxi, Jiapigou, Laoniugou, Huainan Bagongshan, Dingyuan, Lunan Meng Xin, north of Anqing, east and west of Jiaodong, near Nanjing, drilled Bagongshan coalfield, Dingyuan ideal coalfield, Jinling Town iron mine, Tongguanshan copper mine and Qixiashan lead mine. Complete the route geological map of each region and the detailed topographic geological map of the mining area, drill 7900m m, and the proven reserves of Bagongshan new coalfield can reach 654.38+000 billion t. Tiezhao Iron Gold Mine in the north of Tieling Town, sphalerite galena in Qixiashan pyrite mine, phosphate asphalt mine near Nanjing and West Lake phosphate mine in Hangzhou have been discovered.

4. Stagnation period (1950 ~ 1952)

1950, the mineral exploration office was changed to the central financial and economic commission. 1952 became the Nanjing office of the Ministry of Geology in August. Due to the reorganization of the organization, there were only a few regional geological surveys during this period.

Three. Achievements of mineral exploration office

Under the leadership of Director Xie, in a short period of 12 years, the Mineral Exploration Department has made important achievements recognized by academic circles at home and abroad.

More than 6.5438+million tons of Guizhou-Yunnan monohydrate bauxite, 65.438+0 billion tons of Huainan Bagongshan new coalfield, 2.6 million tons of Fengtai phosphate rock and 600,000 tons of Zhangpu sanshui bauxite were discovered, as well as Qixiashan pyrite sphalerite, several copper mines in the north of Anqing and Zhao Jin iron mine in Jinling Town. It is proved that the source of Yejiaji placer iron ore is Dabie Mountain magnetite-bearing granite. CAMBRIAN and Ordovician fossils found in Chu county. There are also some small discoveries, such as ettringite mine in Dahuangshan, siderite mine in western Guangxi, phosphate rock and asphalt mine near Nanjing, vermiculite mine in Nanshu, Shandong and so on. * * * Drilling area1.2000 m, setting a record for China people to drill in China.

(1) minerals

1. Coalfield (Zhaotong lignite, Yunnan)

194 1 After the mineral exploration department moved to Zhaotong, it explored the coalfield. In the same year, it also sent Gu, Zhang Hongji and Wang Zichang to conduct electrical exploration, which was confirmed by resistivity method and A-class drilling rig. The lignite reserves obtained from these works are estimated to be about 1 100 million t. In 1943, Ma Hejiang was assigned to drill the lignite for two months, and a total of1.400 million tons of lignite reserves were obtained. This is the first time that China has used drilling equipment to explore coal fields, and has achieved a successful historical record. After several detailed measurements, it is estimated that there are 200 million tons of bituminous coal in Shuicheng and Weining of Guizhou Province.

1947, Junior Straitline's new drilling rig was transported to Xiangzhong coalfield and drilled at the same time near Moshitang of Xiangjiang Company and Shijiaao of Huxiang Company. By the end of 1947, the borehole in Moshitang had reached120m, and had passed through several layers of carbonaceous shale and conglomerate and a layer of fresh water limestone.

Among them, the discovery of the new coal field in Huainan, Anhui Province, caused a sensation in the geological, mining and metallurgical circles of China. 1946, with the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Huainan coalfield is in an emergency and needs to open up new coalfields urgently. From June 65438 to June 0946, Huainan Mining Bureau invited Xie to investigate. From the arc structure of Shungeng Mountain and Bagongshan and the outcrop of Ordovician limestone at the foot of Bagongshan, Xie speculated that there was a possibility of coal seam in the plain near Bagongshan. Later, it was found that Carboniferous and Permian limestone, which was close to the coal seam, was faintly exposed in the plain. Although covered by alluvium, there is no outcrop. He believes that unless there are accidents such as faults or folds, there should be no problem with the existence of coal seams. From the beginning of August of 1946 to the end of 10/0, topographic survey and geological survey were basically completed. Huainan new coalfield can be exploited on a large scale. Less than 1 year, the estimated reserves are 400 million tons. In 1950, three wells with a depth of 500m were drilled in Bagongshan, and new wells were prepared to be drilled. The new coal field reserves reached more than 10 billion tons. After the establishment of new China, Huainan coal field became an important coal base in China. Huainan coalfield is the best example of geological theory and drilling.

Besides Huainan, after investigation and drilling, there are Zhongxiang Coal Mine in Hunan, Nanjing Coal Mine, Hao Ying Coal Field in Henan, Yichun Coal Field of Hunan-Jiangxi Railway, state-owned mining areas in the southeast and northwest of Kailuan Coal Mine, Xuancheng, Huaiyuan, Datong Coal Field in Anhui, Zhenjiang Coal Field in Jiangsu, Jiawang Coal Field in Xuzhou and Hsinchu Coal Field in Taiwan Province Province. 1950, Zichuan Coalfield, Shandong Province, drilling a new well, drilling more than 200 meters, has hit the big coal seam, and completed the task.

2. Copper mines

The copper mine was discovered in Tongling County, Anhui Province on 1944. The surface of the copper mine is all iron ore, with a thickness of about 20 cm. A clathrate copper mine with a thickness of 50cm, a length of about 100cm and a width of 80cm was found under the iron mine. The ore is chalcopyrite with a mineral budget of about 2 million tons. Since June 1950, people have been sent to investigate and drill in this area. In addition to expanding the lead mining area, Elsholtzia Haizhou, an indicator plant of copper, was also found, commonly known as the so-called copper grass. 1952, 32 1 geological team was formally established. 40 years' exploration proves that Tongling is one of the important copper smelting bases in China.

3. Phosphate rock (found in Fengtai, Anhui)

China is an agricultural country. Most of the increase and sustainability of agriculture depend on chemical fertilizers, and phosphate fertilizer is a basic and important fertilizer. During 1946, continuous experiments were carried out from northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui to central Jiangxi. In addition to several phosphorus-bearing layers found in crystalline schist series and tertiary lacustrine strata, in March 1947, Zhao Jiaxiang, Yan Shutan and Li Qingyuan accidentally discovered phosphorite in Fengtai, Anhui Province, which is another important discovery in mineral exploration and belongs to the same type as that in Kunyang, Yunnan Province. The detailed investigation results show that the average layer thickness is 1m, and the average phosphorus ore containing 20% phosphorus pentoxide is 2.59 million tons, with obvious outcrop, easy mining and convenient transportation. Although phosphorus-containing components can not be utilized at present, they still have certain advantages. For example, phosphate fertilizer can be extracted by defluorination and mixed with rich minerals in the East China Sea to get qualified and satisfactory feed. At the same time, it is pointed out that Kunyang-type phosphate rock can extend eastward for several kilometers and is a promising area.

The geological structure of apatite deposit in Donghai, Jiangsu Province is relatively simple. The whole area is a anticline layer turning to the northwest, with ore-bearing horizon 150m, measured profile 15, and geological topographic map 1∶ 5000 has been completed.

4. Aluminum ore

The mineral exploration department has discovered the rich ore beds with low silicon and high aluminum by using systematic scientific methods. Through various analysis methods, it is determined that the rich ores produced in Yunnan and Guizhou belong to diaspore, and some of them are diaspore, which provides a reference and research way for smelting. According to a rough estimate at that time, the reserves of aluminum mines in the two provinces could reach hundreds of millions of tons. Among them, the new discovery of Zhangpu aluminum mine in Fujian is the most prominent. 1945, Nanyanzong discovered bauxite in central Yunnan, but the location was not announced. Later, Kunming Copper Smelter smelt aluminum, thinking that this yellow porous ore was boehmite, which was different from Guizhou. Later, white high-grade bauxite was discovered, which proved that the yellow one was weathered from white ore. Aluminum mine was always an unsolved problem in China at that time. Before the Anti-Japanese War, the aluminum mines in Boshan, Shandong Province and Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces during the Anti-Japanese War were difficult to be treated by the most economical Bayer method. The Zhangpu aluminum mine in Fujian Province was first discovered by Song Daquan and Song Daquan of Fujian Soil Geological Survey in 1942. This was discussed in this paper, but it is only a small amount of nodular substances in red soil, and its composition is varied. In September, 1946, Yin Hesha went to Zhangpu area in southern Fujian for a preliminary investigation. They collected a large number of samples, of which only 7% was silica and 59% was alumina. It was proved to be gibbsite by research. This is the first discovery of aluminum ore treated by Bayer process in China. At that time, 200 tons of ore were mined and transported to China Taiwan Province Aluminum Company. The discovery of Zhangpu aluminum mine can not only meet the demand for aluminum in Taiwan Province Province, but also save the consumption of foreign exchange, and it is of great significance to understand the occurrence of bauxite in South China in the future and point out the policy of exploring aluminum mines.

5. Groundwater

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/948, groundwater was investigated in Taiwan Province province, China. Guo, Liu Han and Davis, a drilling consultant, went to Taiwan Province Province, China to study groundwater geology and assist in drilling wells. In two months, they investigated Taichung and Pingtung in Tainan. Alluvial layer and platform gravel layer are widely distributed in the western coast of China and Taiwan Province, where there is a large amount of water storage. Generally, water can be taken from a shallow well by tens of feet, and the water below 100 ~ 200 m is often a spray well. Kaohsiung District in Tainan is a coastal plain and a fountain.

6. Lead-zinc mine

The Qixiashan lead-zinc mine in Nanjing was discovered in 1948. Yellow-green hexagonal columnar crystals are found in the waste rock pile of Xiemeng Mine, which are lead-containing minerals. It was identified as igneous manganese ore. After drilling for 4,877 meters, lead ore in Qixiashan, molybdenum ore in Xia Shu and siderite in western Guangxi were discovered. Drilling scale1800 m. On August 9 1950, lead ore was mined, which proved to be a lead-zinc mine. About 4000 tons of lead oxide ore can be smelted. It seems that the discovery of Qixiashan lead-zinc mine is not easy. After three or four years of exploration and research, this is the best example of the wisdom of many people represented by Xie to find ore deposits.

7. Oil

Oil is an important resource for national defense. Immediately after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Mineral Exploration Department visited Taiwan Province Province, China, and also investigated the geological map of 1∶ 5000 in Shapingba, Chongqing, Sichuan, and sent three investigation teams to Suining and Mianyang to investigate the structural map in detail, and worked out the drilling positions in various places. 1948 encountered a drilling rig in Suining gentle anticline, and found a small amount of light oil, mainly gas, in Cretaceous red beds. The drilling work in this area was later transferred. During the period of 1948, natural gas was discovered in Jianyang Longquanyi anticline, and the work in this area continued until the establishment of New China. In the same year, surveying and mapping was carried out in Jiangyou structural area of Mianyang, and drilling was late.

From 65438 to 0945, Xie inspected some oil-bearing areas and edited and published two articles: Sichuan Red Basin and its Oil, Gas, Halogen and Salt Deposits and Re-discussion on Oil and Gas Deposits in Sichuan Red Basin. He put forward the theory of high anticline, low anticline and row-column anticline, and thought that there was a low and small anticline uplift in the big syncline sandwiched between the two anticlines. The axis of this low anticline is often the area where Cretaceous and Jurassic strata developed, which is the most promising area for obtaining oil.

1945 February, the oil and natural gas in Taiwan Province province of China was investigated. It is considered that although there are about 35 structures suitable for oil and gas accumulation in Taiwan Province Province, China, the oil and gas amount has been very small, because the orogeny in Taiwan Province Province, China was too strong in Tertiary (Paleogene), with steep dip angle, strong folds and faults, and most of the oil and gas has been lost.

1947 In September, when the Resources Committee was in urgent need of oil resources, Xie asked the Mineral Exploration Office to intensify oil and gas exploration. At that time, according to the known oil and gas display areas, in addition to the mining areas and prospective areas that have been developed and investigated by Sichuan Petroleum Bureau and Geological Survey, two general survey areas and three general survey exploration areas were initially drawn up. The strata and structures of Huaying Mountain, Jiangjin Oil Tank, Longchang Shengdeng Mountain, Zigong Yanjing, Emei Mountain, Suining, Jianyang Longquanyi, Mianyang Jiangyou, guanxian, Wenchuan and Maoxian were investigated. This work ended in 1947. On February 27th, 1948, 1948, a symposium on petroleum geology in Sichuan was held, and Chinese and foreign geologists were invited to investigate, and M. W. Strong from Britain was re-employed to investigate in Sichuan. The results show that there is oil in Sichuan, which is worth further drilling, and it is pointed out that red beds must be carefully studied in order to drill Sichuan oil. Although Sichuan has not seen much oil, it can continue to investigate. It seems that there are many layers of crude oil layers in Sichuan, including marine deposits of Ordovician, Devonian, Permian and Triassic, and there are good oil reservoirs. It is decided to make a detailed investigation, determine the drilling location and investigate the Triassic anticline. The exploration of Youjiang source rocks found oil seedlings in Tian Yang, Youjiang, Guangxi, and put forward that the Tertiary (Paleogene) is a source rock, ending in 1948.

8. Tungsten, Antimony and Tin

Antimony mine in Xikuangshan, Xinhua, Hunan Province is one of the key points investigated by mineral exploration departments after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Although it has been mined for 10 years before, the structure is still unclear. 1947, two teams visited and two new rigs transported. The first drilling was started at Batangshan, Oujiachong East, 1947+02+07; The second eye was drilled in Tang Tao on February 28th, 65438, and it went well. The main geological engineers in the geological prospecting department have demonstrated a lot about the geological prospecting drilling scheme.

9. Uranium mine

Uranium is the basic raw material for developing atomic energy, which is very important for national defense and future economic construction, so geologists all over the world are paying attention to this rare mineral deposit. The mineral exploration department investigated the uranium deposits in Huangqiangping, Zhongshan, Guangxi and Haicheng, Liaoning.

10. Iron ore

In May, Jinling Town Iron Mine 1950, Shandong Province, the drilling team used American Pioneer 200m gasoline engine for exploration, Yang Qingru, Han Jingui and Wang Dashun were in charge, and Qin Xinling, the former central geological prospecting, assisted, found magnetite at 180m, 186m has not yet bottomed out, and Jinling iron mine area has flat terrain, abnormal magnetism and high strength. This exploration is the most significant and practical achievement since China started geophysical exploration. This is the result of simultaneous magnetic survey and drilling, and the combination of theory and practice.

1 1. Magnetite and fluorite

1948 investigation of magnetite and fluorite in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, by Ma and Yi. The ore bodies are distributed in the east and west areas, with pure ore and iron content of 60%. There is a thread to follow in the west, starting from Li Jiawan in the south and reaching Xianren Cave in Shuangfengjian in the north. Total length 1000m, thickness of 3m, up to five or six million tons. Convenient transportation, excellent minerals, fluorite, easy to smelt. Near Shangtai Town, 20 kilometers south of Jiangshan, there are two fluorite veins. Total length 1000m, thickness ranging from half a meter to two or three meters. Except fluorite, it can be seen in the vein, accounting for 10%. Fluorite is mainly white, and some are light purple and green. Accurate calculation * * * determines the ore amount of 843688t, and the possible ore amount is 65,438+700,000t.

Mineral resources in Hainan Island

Few people from China visited the mineral resources of Hainan Island. Recently, Ma and Xie Qinghui compiled a survey report on mineral resources in Hainan Island with reference to the Japanese survey report. The main minerals are as follows.

(1) iron ore

Iron ore is the main resource in Hainan Province, which is widely distributed and located near Changjiang County, Baoting County, Ledong County, Wenchang County, Le Hui County and Lishan Port. Shilushan Iron Mine: Shilushan is located on the west coast of Hainan Island. Tiandu Iron Mine: located at the western end of Baishiling in Ya County, north of Huangniling, and about 12km west of Yulin Port, it is white or even yellowish sandy clay. Other iron mines: Daling iron mine is in the northwest of Yaxian County. Yanling Iron Mine: located 50 kilometers northeast of Yaxian County. Nandingling Iron Mine: 5 kilometers northwest of Tiandu Iron Mine. Mine near Yushan: located in the north of Ganjiadong Village, Ya County. Hetouzai Kengwei Village: North of Wenchang County. Maidouling: south of Wenchang County. Xi 'anling: Northwest of Tang Yan. Cargill City: Donghu Wei Village, Hainan Island. Niu Ling: 8 kilometers east of Jiaji City. Ridge circle: southwest of Longguncheng 1km. Wanning children's rolling house: Wanning children's rolling house highway. Near Lishan Port: East of Dongshi.

(2) Manganese ore

Dongshilu Manganese Mine: Located in the east of Tieshan, Shilulu, with a total length of 400m and an output of 820,000 t, the iron and manganese components are insufficient and the silicic acid components are excessive. Shuitoulun manganese mine: northeast Yulin 13km, with a reserve of about 21000 t. It's 5 kilometers south of Yachuan, which is of little value.

(3) Tungsten ore

Nanpeng Island and Sheshi, located in the southeast of Yangjiang County, Guangdong Province, are 15 ~20m wide, including 0. 5% of the ore was taken away by the Japanese.

(4) Tin ore

Located in Xiangling, Xitian and Juntun, the recoverable area is 40 13000m2, and the cassiterite content is 986280t.

(5) Copper mine

Not much. It's located to the west of Shilu Mountain.

(6) Lead-silver ore

Located in the northeast of Jiusuo, the distance is 10 ~ 12 km.

(7) Gold mine

Placer gold is mainly distributed in the upper reaches of rivers and streams, including Le 'an, Shigang Station, Xinningpo, Shamaoling and Naval City. North of Le 'an, along the Yangtze River in Changhua, with a thickness of 1m, placer gold near Le 'an is widely distributed and has great exploration value. Shigang Stack is located in the upper reaches of Lingshui, which is worthless.

The placer gold between Erjia Village in Xinningpo is located about 25 kilometers north of Lidong, and its quality is poor. The placer gold near Shamaoling is located at 19km south of Nada, and the quality is acceptable. Jialemai Gold Mine in Chengmai County is located in the northwest of Niuchangling, with a thickness of 1 ~2m and uneven quality. The Daling vein gold deposit in the Yangtze River is 500 meters long and 2 meters wide.

(2) equipment.

The mineral exploration department attaches great importance to geophysical prospecting and has completed various electrical prospecting work. Cooperate with domestic large-scale mineral exploration, from April 65438 to April 0946, increase 6-7 people, allocate 1000 million square meters to order equipment from the United States, and make preparations before the equipment arrives.

1) enrich the equipment;

2) The configuration of radio wave detection instruments is being actively carried out;

3) Equipped with magnetic inspection equipment;

4) Surface electrical prospecting and oil well electrical logging equipment;

5) Radioactive mineral detection and field exploration instruments, and as far as possible supporting radioactive logging tools;

6) Assist in oil exploration and equip with necessary instruments, such as core orientation instrument;

7) Trial matching geochemical direct petroleum exploration instruments;

8) Trial matching of automatic continuous electric logging without cable in oil wells.

Four. Concluding remarks

In the short 12 years since its establishment, the Mineral Exploration Bureau has experienced various unimaginable difficulties such as war, lack of funds and inconvenient transportation. However, under the leadership of Director Xie, a series of fruitful results have been achieved, which laid the foundation for the regional survey of New China. This is an important part of China's geology, which is very rare and admirable.

Take the exam and contribute.

[1] Sichuan basin and its halogenated hydrocarbon deposits. Geological review, 1945.

[2] Huainan New Coalfield and Geology and Minerals of Great Huainan Basin. Geological review, 1947.

Shi Baoheng, Wang Yulin. Professor Xie's contribution to China's petroleum industry. Early History of Geological Industry in China (edited by Wang Hongzhen). Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1990.

[4] Guo, Yin, Xie Xie and the Ministry of Mineral Exploration-in commemoration of Professor Xie's birthday100th anniversary. Beijing Petroleum Industry Press, September 2004.