Ancient land: a story not to be missed

Ancient ancestors showed great enthusiasm for wide-area geography. Ancient maps faithfully recorded all aspects of our ancestors' political, economic and social life.

How many related legends and stories are buried in the historian's brief books and the dust of time? "Thank you.

How can I miss it?

Map of Oracle Bone Inscriptions

When we look for the history of ancient maps

no doubt

When the Chinese nation has a totem, there must be an original map.

What is the earliest known ancient map of China?

More than 3,500 years ago.

Our ancestors carved a picture on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Described the route they took when hunting.

Miss Lu and Miss Shi hold their fingers and calculate, alas! That was ten years later! The mountains, rivers and swamps in the world are vivid. This is a "hunting map" unearthed in garden village, Anyang, Henan Province, which was carved on the tortoise shell and used for divination in Shang Dynasty.

This is the oldest existing in our country.

This is also the earliest known map in the world.

Among the numerous Shang tortoise shells unearthed,

There is such an Oracle.

There was a winding spring in the middle of 2 18 BC, and he took a large group of people out to investigate. One day, we arrived at Bolangsha (in present-day Yuanyang County, Henan Province), and the motorcade was moving slowly. Suddenly there was a loud noise, and a big iron cone flew in and hit the auxiliary car behind Qin Shihuang's car. Dexiaohe

There are footprints on this side and that side of the river.

One left foot, one right foot.

The ancients used these two highly simplified symbols to represent a line of footprints. The whole word

Or this map can be said to indicate a way across the river to the hunting ground. This "map" that makes people smile is the word "involved" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

The information it conveys is primitive and simple.

It's a very old map!

Negative edition author

The Analects of Confucius? One thing is mentioned in the article "Xiang Dang": Confucius is a negative version. "Stone" is the crossbar in front of the carriage.

When it is used as a verb, it means to put your hand on this crossbar and bow your head. Who is the "negative version"? That Confucius was so respectful when he was in Lu Yu? The word "negative edition" in Zheng Xuan's note means "the book of holding the country". Because the maps at that time were mainly carved on copper plates, slates and boards.

It's heavy

therefore

You have to take it to send it and see it. Through such a grand ostentation and extravagance

We can also see that in ancient times, maps and map makers and owners all had certain status.

In the ancient tomb of Fangmatan in Tianshui, Gansu, more than 2,000 years ago,

What is the identity of the owner of four pine boards and seven maps?

At present, Bai Bowen has not sat down. When he set out last night, he received a silver ticket for "Rishengchang" from his master. If he receives a fake, he has to make it up himself. Two years' salary only dealt a blow to Shui Piao and, more importantly, to his own reputation. This is about to spread, and the shopkeeper was cheated by the old peasant woman. Where can this face go? Agreed. A fortune-telling book was also found in the tomb.

And eight bamboo slips.

Recorded a magical story of the tomb owner "Dan": Dan was executed for wounding.

But three years later, he came back from the dead. Although this is incredible,

But the seven maps on the pine board were indeed drawn by him personally, but it seems to be conclusive.

Dan has served in the army for many years.

The soldier seems to be drawing a complete map of the county seat.

Unfortunately, he died before he finished writing it. These seven photos left behind.

Except for a semi-finished product.

The other six can be spliced into a complete picture.

The drawing range is east-west length 135km.

It's 88 kilometers from north to south.

At the level of painting at that time.

This is a very considerable field.

The work of this ancient ordinary junior official

Now it has become the national treasure of China.

Because this is the earliest practical map with high precision and unified schema in the world.

It shows the advanced map theory and technology in ancient China.

Regulatory and expansion chart

Dayu's flood control is a famous legend in China. In the historical records,

After Dayu succeeded in water control

Divide the world into Kyushu

And "receiving the gold of nine shepherds"

Cast Jiuding. "Jiuding.

It is engraved with the names of Kyushu, mountains and rivers, and the strange images of animals and plants.

Let people "see the world"

Broaden the scope of knowledge.

Many people think that

Patterns on Jiuding in Yu Xia

It is the earliest map of China. And can make these nine plots? "Oh, here we go again." Mulan ran to help them make a fire and cook. draw

It shows that people at that time had mastered a wealth of geographical knowledge.

If Jiuding had not disappeared during the Warring States Period,

Will be like the legendary jade Zhang Jiayin made of jade vases by Qin Shihuang, calmly say to them, "What you want is money, not" old boys, don't you need to make a living? Cut the crap. To do business on our brother's turf, you must know the rules. You may have to pay the rent for this place. "Another man in black said impatiently. People around heard that there was a quarrel here, and they all gathered around, but they heard that it was the territory of two big men. They wondered, this temple fair is the official site, how did it become the site of two brothers? Get back at me, even if I am stupid, how can I watch myself commit suicide because I am stingy with money? "Liu Hao said," childe this insidious and wise, beat the dog to bully the Lord, we must give Harry some color to see see! " Life? Even if you don't draw your dagger, what can I do with you, a coward who is afraid of death? Besides, since you claim to be an envoy sent by the imperial court, why do you expose your true colors easily? If someone peeks, it's not good for you! Two thieves thought he was right, so they put the dagger in their sleeves. Xiyiyang

To be the dream of every king in the future.

Because they can satisfy the desire for political power.

When the ancient emperor enfeoffed,

Give the map of this place to the vassal who was enfeoffed; And the behavior of offering pictures among princes

This means giving up land and * * *

Give that land away to others. workday

The map ("map") and the household registration book ("version") are buried in the palace.

Keep secrets from others. Once the war breaks out.

Whenever an attacker obtains the map and household registration of the other party,

This means destroying the other party's regime.

The defeated will never let the map of their country fall into the hands of the enemy unless they have to.

The most legendary map in history is Du Kang Tu dedicated by Jing Ke to Qin Shihuang.

at present

Maybe we can't see the map of Du Kang.

It's buried underground.

The probability of waiting to be discovered is unknown.

Perhaps this map that impressed the king of Qin is still with him at this time.

Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is buried underground? Will we never see the map of Qin again? What makes people smile is that

65438+March 0986

When the workers of Fangmatan Forest Farm in Tianshui, Gansu Province were in the dormitory of Xiulin Station,

Four pine boards and seven maps unearthed from the tomb discovered by accident.

One of them is a local "forest resource map" 2200 years ago.

After research and appraisal

These maps were drawn in the eighth year of Ying Zheng, King of Qin (239 BC).

The deceased, his family, was killed by a chest knife, lying on his back without hanging silk, and the blood flowing out has solidified; Qi's underwear was thrown aside and covered with blood. Next to her is a spinning wheel spinning cotton, an old square stool and a notched bowl that only makes oil lamps. Cotton lamp twist and lamp oil in the bowl were spilled on the ground, that is, 12 years later.

Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, and others came to the "prison country" that he never forgot.

And immortal assassins. The maps of Fangmatan and Du Kang are of the same era.

Based on this, we can imagine the charm of Du Kang legend map.

If we ignore the ambiguity caused by the year 2200 on the wooden board of Gu Song on the map of Fangmatan.

And the difference between ancient and modern characters.

We have a daughter-in-law, who is afraid that the kitchen god will harm her all day. In addition to doing things seriously every day, she always secretly offers her prayers and asks for blessings before eating. Over time, God was moved by her sincerity. He thought, "Kitchen God is so alkaline, Hu said in surprise," Mr. Feng Shui should be able to tell me, but he didn't tell me, so I decided to bury my father here. "If you do something wrong, you should explain it to the Jade Emperor." It can be said that there is almost no difference between today's map of Fangmatan and the map of 2 1 century.

Today's hand-drawn maps depict water systems, roads and urban settlements on the ground from a high-altitude perspective.

Pay attention to the necessary words next to these abstract lines and symbols.

The distance and direction between elements should be accurate.

Wait a minute. These technologies can already be seen on the map of Matan.

The map of Du Kang must not be drawn on a board.

It should have a carrier commensurate with its value.

But its drawing method

It should be similar to the map of Fangmatan.

Fangmatan and Mawangdui

Both place names have a horse character. One of the two places unearthed the earliest physical map of China.

Someone found the earliest military map in the world. A map of two dynasties separated by 700 years.

Although a rough, a beautiful.

But the drawing method is similar. 1973 Three maps unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha

Draw a mountain with a closed curve. Then, they found the lotus grass ten paces south of the tomb and dug it carefully. Sure enough, a ganoderma lucidum was found about a few inches from the ground. When Wu Daguan saw it, he was overjoyed. He knew it was auspicious and thanked the sky frequently. Pulse shape

The representation of rivers in the picture is almost the same as that in modern maps.

The perspective of the map is also looking down from the sky.

Fill dense parallel lines with the same technique as "pen sketch"

This looks very much like the "caterpillar method" used in the mapping of mountains and rivers during Guangxu period more than 2000 years later.

Although Fangmatan and Mawangdui are the oldest maps in China and even in the world.

But it is not difficult for us to accept it now. If it hadn't been buried for a long time.

These oldest maps look like the youngest and the most modern.

From Qingbo 20 10.2 Who knows, something unexpected happens in the sky, and a traitor in the DPRK reported to the emperor that Zhu Shixian colluded with foreign countries and had the intention of rebellion. The emperor believed the treacherous court official's words and let assistant minister Zhu cut him down. I wish my family get the news, escape from Beijing and come to Mount Tai. Let the mountain be king. Sometimes they invite the old man out and beg him to say, "My daughter, marry me!" " Both hands worship him, and they are all eloquent. The old man said, "This is not my own child. I can't force her to do anything. " A few months later, these people returned home, thinking about each other all day, praying to God and worshiping Buddha, but still reluctant to give up, thinking, "Even if you don't want to, it is only natural for a female university to get married." So I'm going to make a comeback and express my love strongly.

The Ancient Xuanwumen Spring and Autumn Zhuo Xin Classics of the Fugitive of Postgraduate Entrance Examination