Does anyone know the myth story of Manchu shaman?

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In 520 AD, a shaman-made court infighting happened in Rouran, which eventually led to the killing of Khan's ugly slave.

Rouran Khan favored a female shaman named Diwan, made her a virgin, hid the prince, and made excuses to go to heaven. The scandal was hung up, and the ugly slave Khan killed the executioner, which triggered a palace coup.

Ancient historians did not use the word "shaman", but called it "witch" in words. In the Xiongnu period, shaman played a certain role in politics and military affairs. Any war or other indecisive events ultimately depend on the shaman. Shamans of northern nationalities are very different from witches of Central Plains. Shaman must have a lot of common sense or knowledge, be able to observe the development of things, predict the future, and dare to predict good or bad. The same is true of Rouran, but its brief biography is not described!

Shaman is the primitive belief of northern nationalities, which originated very early and has been very developed and mature in matriarchal society. Shaman is almost a clan leader, and the queen mother deified by the Central Plains is a shaman and a chief.

Tiger Pan's theory, which created a perfect place, was also written by a female shaman. "An old woman of Gao Xin's family lives in the palace. She suffers from ear disease. She put something as big as a cocoon in a bowl and soon became a dog. This old woman is a shaman, and she became the ancestor of the dog army. Her understanding of everything in heaven and earth has been sublimated, resulting in a world view of the integration of heaven and earth, and the combination of heaven and earth leads to everything. Cocoon can be interpreted as primitive cells, dogs represent everything, five colors are transformed into five elements of fire, water, wood, gold and earth, five elements of east, west, north and south, five colors of green, yellow, red, white and black, and so on. Simple materialism and evolutionary consciousness have produced the most primitive belief, that is, the natural worship of everything in the world. Especially "heaven"

It is the highest object of worship of ancient Mongols. Softness is "heaven". Rouran khanate is "the kingdom of kings".

Rouran is the sound change of Ding Ling and Di Li, pronounced as point connection, while Chinese writing is Rouran, which is actually homophonic.

The ancients believed that the natural changes of celestial bodies would bring people enjoyment and disaster. In the instinctive activity of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil, human beings have a sense of awe and respect for the changes in nature. Because these disasters come from heaven, they have the highest worship and belief in heaven. According to the ancients, the objects worshipped outside the sky are all attached to the sky, all subject to the will of the sky, and all carried out according to everything created by the sky. For example, the interaction of all things, ups and downs, are all natural. When human beings produced leaders and leaders, the ancients also thought of the leaders of the universe and who would preside over this mysterious sky. It imitates the division of labor of human beings and the master of heaven. Some people say that "Dili" is the highest god of the northern nationalities. Although the reason is similar, it is not convenient to follow blindly.

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All natural phenomena such as wind, thunder, rain and snow in the Sun and Moon Nebula were thought by the ancients to be dominated by and acted according to God's will. Forest fire, land flood, disease death, etc. This is God's punishment. The sun gives warmth, the moon gives light, and the Big Dipper points the way. These are astronomical phenomena that directly benefit mankind. God rules everything, and the earth nourishes everything. Everything is born from the sky, and everything is born from the earth. The ancients compared heaven to the father of life and the earth to the mother of health, so the custom of worshipping heaven and earth came into being: "Xiongnu held a meeting in Longcheng in May to worship ancestors, heaven and earth, ghosts and gods", "Angel Xiongnu was sweating", "Angel Xiongnu was sweating, and the sun and the moon made Xiongnu sweating" (see Hanshu), and the five-car got together to worship heaven, walk around and sing songs. (See Biography of Northern History and High Car. ) "The Turkic tooth account opens to the east gate, and the scenery day begins." (See "The Biography of Zhou Shu". ) "In mid-May, offer water to others and worship the gods. Shanxi, a 500-mile jade dragon warlord, has a high mountain with no grass trees on it, which is called Bodeng Li Ning, and Xia Yan is also a god "(see Tu Zhuan). ), "Heaven is a big Turk." (See "The Biography of Zhou Shu". ) "Mongols admit that there is a master who is in harmony with heaven, named Tengger singer. Worship the sun and the moon, the mountains, the mountains, the five elements, go out to the south and worship the sun. " (See chapter 1 in the History of Dosan Mongolia, page 33. All of the above are some manifestations of the worship of heaven and earth by the northern nationalities.

From ancient Pan Hu to Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

"Fire" has created new contents for human life and is a great revolution in production and life. In the Central Plains, there are Suiren people who drill water for fire, while in the northern grasslands, there are many trees and grasses, and natural fires have a long history. Later shamans' fire sacrifices clearly reflected their worship of heaven and earth and their respect for fire. Congratulations: The Queen of Vulcan, made of elm trees on Haletu Mountain in Bourhan, Hang Ai Mountain, was born at the beginning of the world. You were born in the footsteps of Mother Earth, and you were made by Father Tengger singer.

In addition to the worship of heaven and earth, the northern nationalities worship and believe in fire. Fire is the most direct beneficiary of mankind. It gives people light and warmth, prolongs human life, helps human life and changes the environmental conditions of human life. "The Biography of Zhou Shu Tuke" said: "Before the Turks, it was a country of vassal countries (see" Liao Hai Series All Liao Edited "): this Han belongs to the northern country. There is indeed a kingdom in the north of Xiongnu. ), Xiongnu north, tribal adults called Ababou, seventy brothers. On the one hand, it is said that Iraqi mud teachers are all born by wolves, and they are in the post-postscript (immediately, the White Mountain in the Tang Dynasty, now Khan Tengger Mountain, is in the northwest of Muhe River. ), that is, his eldest son. There are also various blasphemous steps on the mountain, all of which are cold dew. The eldest son is warm and salty, so the eldest son is the main one, posthumous title Turkic. " The ancestors of the Turks were still in the era when there was no fire, and even Iraqi masons began to use fire.

Since the ancients discovered and used fire, they put it in a lofty position second only to heaven and earth. Fire can benefit people and destroy everything. The ancients believed that fire was the messenger of heaven, the strength of life, the source of wisdom, the pillar of spirit and the symbol of prosperity. Because fire gained a superior position in the clan family, the ancients believed that fire was a god who directly observed actions and distinguished good from evil. Worship heaven and earth with clear water and fire with elm willow turpentine.

Unconscious dreams inspire people's imagination, and problems encountered in daily production and life will be reflected in dreams due to meditation, and sometimes answers will be obtained. Over time, "Weng Zhou" (meaning "spirit" in Mongolian) was formed in people's minds. ) ideology, which believes that there is a "spirit" outside everything itself, has gradually formed the ideology of "everything has a spirit".

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The ancients felt the direct or indirect influence of nature in their production and life and their struggle with nature. Nature's various stimuli to human beings have prompted human emotional impulses, produced reverie, broadened their horizons, and the original simple philosophy sprouted. Individuals show a strong thirst for knowledge, are sensitive to natural changes, and have the need to pursue and explore. In meditation, they look abnormal, or stupid or moody. But this kind of person has rich production experience and profound knowledge of life, accumulated various common sense in daily observation, and is familiar with the laws of natural change, social development and the evolution of things. He is better at observing people's psychological state and predicting the results of the development and changes of general things. The appearance of such people has brought happiness to the clan or society. She can direct production and master distribution, and most of them are elected as chiefs or tribal leaders. This is the so-called shaman or shaman in later generations. Shaman means meditation or chaos in Mongolian. If such people have special functions or know something like magic, they will be more mysterious and win people's respect and trust. If you master some knowledge of folk medicine and treat diseases with psychotherapy and drugs, it will be even more amazing.

Academic circles at home and abroad unanimously admit that shaman originated in Archaean. In the era of gathering economy, shaman came into being. She leads people to avoid misfortune and look for food. Shaman was even more important in primitive hunting times. She leads people to track prey, guide and organize hunting. After the formation of clan society, human social units are distinguished by totem images. Shaman is a tribal leader. She unites the members of this unit, gives spiritual strength, solves difficulties and worries, directs production, manages distribution and marches into nature.

The History of Dosan Mongolia says: "Shamans are also teachers of simple religion. It is also a magical person, a dream interpreter, a fortune teller, a star and a doctor. Beating gongs and drums and chanting spells gradually became passionate and even confused, thinking that the gods possessed them. Then the dance jumps and dazzles, and the rumors are good and bad. " Shaman, from birth, prosperity to decline, has not formed an organizational form like other religions, no grand temple buildings, no solemn statues of gods and buddhas, no unified scriptures and no complicated ceremonies. Scriptures, incantations and eulogies are also given by mouth and heart, which are flexible and changeable. No one in the northern nationalities who believe in shaman thought of building a temple for shaman, only the mourning hall where Weng Zhou relied. This mourning hall is made of stone, but it is chosen on a high mountain, which is convenient for people to pay homage and worship. Play the role of escort and one side is blessed. Its practical value is a road sign, which can judge the direction of the place according to the style of the stone pile and not get lost. These mourning halls can be seen everywhere on the grasslands in the north, and the Mongols call them "Aobao". After the shaman dies, he will enter the mourning hall to offer sacrifices. Local heroes or elders who are beneficial to the local area will enter the mourning hall for sacrifice after death. Which mourning halls are dedicated to which characters? Only local people know it, because there is no spirit tablet and there is no custom of setting it, and outsiders have no way of knowing it.

Spirit is an invisible and intangible spiritual feeling. Originated from dreams, it is an illusion and human self-consciousness. It was originally empty, and the ancients wanted to make a great study room. The ancients thought that the spirit of heaven was in heaven, the spirit of trees was in trees, and the spirit of mountains and rivers was between mountains and rivers. Only under special circumstances can "spirit" be independent of the body. The spirit of the living follows the footsteps. Only after the death of the great man can the "spirit" enter the mourning hall for sacrifice. These "spirits" are the protectors of mankind. Humans feel that there is a great "spirit" guarding them, which makes them feel safe mentally. When they are working, they think that "spirit" is guarding themselves, which gives them a fearless spirit. All human activities are dominated by thoughts, which are the "spirit" of human beings. The law of motion in nature is also attributed to the spirit of the object itself at work. This formed the concept of "animism".

"Shaman" itself must have "quick response, quick acceptance, strong logic, accurate foresight and less misjudgment". If it has a "special function" (according to the secret history of Mongolia, the shaman of Tian Tong went in and out of the forest naked in cold weather, sitting in the middle of a glacier with steam floating overhead. ), has withstood the test in complicated things and won people's trust, which is the shaman.

Shaman is the oldest religious form in the world. She has no leader, no religious leader, no professional shaman, no separation from production, no remuneration, and the sacrifices she gets are shared by everyone. She was formed in the struggle between man and nature. Shaman's ideological system is full of fighting spirit against nature. These are reflected in all the activities of shamans. Shaman's practice is not gentle chanting, but crazy singing and dancing, sonorous gongs and drums, prompting people to be refreshed and high-spirited, and teaching people to fight against all difficulties with a fighting attitude. I didn't bow my head to listen to the prayers from compassion, nor did I place any hope on the afterlife, let alone heaven and hell.

Under the influence of lama nobles, lama shaman learned about heaven and hell. The highest belief of shaman is "Heaven".

Shaman claims to be the medium between heaven and man, and is the messenger of heaven, reporting people's actions and prayers to heaven and conveying the will of heaven to people. Such a shaman is a shaman of heaven. Diwan, the shaman virgin of Rouran Khanate, used magic to hide the prince, lied about heaven, and was killed. Tian Tong shaman of Mongolia spread God's will and named Temujin Genghis Khan. Later, he was killed because of his arrogance. None of these "heavenly messengers" predicted their own consequences. The reason is that he deviated from the shaman's track for personal interests and created a trap for himself. Shaman thought is a combative philosophy, with conscious falsification and failure.

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The formation of shaman consciousness highlights the human nature before the stage society. When the society develops to the peak of the stage society, we have to deviate from and serve the rulers. After the development of society to patriarchal society, shaman has also changed, from the master of society to the tool of rulers. After all, this tool comes from the people and has a strong folk flavor. The feudal emperor thought shaman was good, and he could not use it easily, so he turned to Islam and Buddhism and changed "under the shadow of the emperor" to "under the shadow of Islam". (See Chapter 7, Volume 6 of History of Multi-scattered Mongolia) In the Kublai Khan era in Mongolia, Buddhism flourished.

After Yuan Dynasty withdrew from Beijing and returned to Mongolia, Buddhism declined for a time, and shaman was revered as a believer.

In order to expand their power, with the help of the living Buddha, the rulers reached an agreement to eliminate the shaman's integration of politics and religion, and the shaman went to extinction from then on.

Shamans handed down from generation to generation are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Although Buddhism was promoted by administrative orders, shaman remained in people's hearts on the vast grassland. Spells like going up the mountain and going down the fire are not all tricks. If there is no special function, it also belongs to qigong and the like. Aobao stands on the top of the mountain, and the nomadic people are moved by the scenery. They all kowtowed to Weng Zhou (Aobao) and missed their shaman.

Aobao is built on a clear and majestic hill, which is not only the spiritual comfort of the people, but also the patron saint of past trips, and more importantly, it is used to identify the direction. It's not easy to flatten these rocky Aobao! Despite the noble preaching of the Lama and the orders of the sovereign, the shaman's mourning hall (Aobao) still stands tall.

Even if the Aobao on the top of the mountain is leveled, it will not eradicate the Aobao in people's hearts. The Lama aristocrat had to change his mind. On the Aobao of the primitive shaman, they decorated utensils, inserted Tibetan scriptures, canceled blood sacrifices and replaced them with vegetarian sacrifices.

Nevertheless, the images of Weng Zhou and Shaman are still active in people's minds. In the famous mountains and rivers of the northern nationalities, the shaman's mourning hall still stands, relying on Aobao Wengzhou, which is still popular among the northern nationalities.

Shaman image is based on primitive and simple materialism and has evolved into idealistic ideology.

Pay attention to practice on the basis of spiritual function. For example, in the long hunting activities, the shaman summed up a lot of experience in treating diseases with wild animals and plants. Shaman's treatment is mainly psychotherapy, supplemented by acupuncture drugs, and the places with strong superstition are added by later generations. People's initial feeling is the human body itself. Looking up at the sky, looking down at the ground, hunger and cold, food and color are all human instincts. In shaman's belief, heaven comes first. Without the sun, moon, stars, clouds, rain and snow, there would be nothing. It is secondary that the earth belongs to the sky.

Fire is second only to heaven and earth. Although shaman is not Zoroastrianism, fire is also one of the objects of human worship.

In daily life, disrespect for fire is absolutely forbidden, and swearing and doing ugly things in front of the fire are not allowed.

The author briefly describes the outline of Shaman, the primitive religious form of the northern nationality, in order to miss the bud of the primitive philosophical thought of the northern nationality! I hope to continue to explore this precious heritage in order to have new gains.