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How to evaluate Song Huizong in history?

Introduction to Song Huizong

Name: Evonne.

Birth: Yuanfeng five years (1082)

Zodiac: Dog

Year of death: five years in Shaoxing (1 135)

Year: 54

Posthumous title: Emperor Wen Rende showed filial piety.

TempleNo.: Hui Zong

Mausoleum: You Ling

First marriage: 18 years old

Spouses: Queen Wang and Queen Zheng.

Children: 3 1 son and 34 daughters

Succession: Zhao Huan.

Pride: Recovering Yanjing

Most frustrated: captured by the gold people.

The most unfortunate thing is that the guest died in another country.

Most distressing: the collection of calligraphy and painting was seized by Jin people.

Best at: painting and calligraphy.

Zhao Ji was born in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1082) and was the 11th son of Song Shenzong. Seal before the king. In the third year of Fu Yuan (1 100), his brother Zhao Xu (the sixth son of Zongshen) died. Since she had no children, Empress Dowager Cixi called Ji Wang to succeed her. Evonne is nineteen years old.

At that time, Evonne's succession was opposed by the ministers of the DPRK, who thought that he could not rule the country lightly, but he strongly recommended it to the Empress Dowager and refuted the objection in Zongshen's language: "The first emperor tasted that Duan Wang lived long, was filial and upright." ("Continuing education is like a mirror?" Song Ji Eighty-six ") In the second year of his accession to the throne, Evonne passed away to the Empress Dowager and changed his country name to" Zhong Jian Guo Jing ". This was the beginning of Evonne's ruling regime, which lasted for 25 years.

Shortly after Evonne acceded to the throne, he reused Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Li Yan and Zhu Mian, and called them six thieves. Under the banner of "Shao Shu", the remnants of mortars such as Sima Guang and Wen Yanbo were also designated as "Yuan traitors", and Zhang Moulin and others were designated as "Fu Yuan partisans", and stones were carved in the court to show contempt.

Evonne lived a luxurious life. Six thieves raised taxes excessively, plundered people's wealth and cream, and built palaces and gardens such as Huayang Palace. He sent Zhu Xun to set up Suzhou-Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau to collect exotic flowers and stones in the south of the Yangtze River, named "Flower Stone Class", to transport Bianjing, and to build a garden named "Genyue", which was rich and comfortable, and quickly squandered the wealth accumulated by the Northern Song government for many years. The "petrochemical gang" has caused many people to lose their money and their families to be destroyed.

Evonne, Song Huizong

Evonne also believed in Taoism, built a large number of temples, claimed to be the founder of Daojun Emperor, and often invited Taoist priests to tell fortune. His birthday was May 5th, and the Taoist thought it was unlucky, so he changed his name to10+00. His zodiac sign is a dog, so killing dogs is forbidden in Bianjing City.

In the seventh year of Xuanhe, in the years of 1 125 and 10, the Jin army invaded the south on a large scale, and the East Route Army led by the commander of the Jin army, under the command of Guo, a rebel in the Northern Song Dynasty, took Bianjing directly. Evonne received the newspaper, hastily ordered the cancellation of Hua Shigang, and wrote a letter to the guilty person, admitting some of his mistakes, in order to save the hearts of the people. Nomads from the army marched in haste, approaching Bianjing. Huizong was afraid and anxious, holding the minister's hand and saying, "I didn't expect Jin people to treat me like this." Before I finished, I choked and fainted in front of the bed. After being rescued, he reached for a pen and paper and wrote the words "Pass on the Crown Prince". In 65438+February, he announced his abdication, claiming to be "the emperor's father" and giving way to Zhao Huan (Qin Zong). Cai Jing, Tong Guan and other thieves fled to Mengcheng, Bozhou, Anhui (now Mengcheng, Anhui). In April of the following year, the nomads who besieged Bianjing were repelled by Li Gang and returned to the north, and Zhao was returned to Bianjing.

At the end of a.d. 1 126 leap 1 1, the nomads from the army went south again. 65438+February 65438+May 5, Bianjing was breached, Di Chin abolished Evonne, and Zhao Huan was Shu Ren. In the second year of Jingkang, at the end of March, A.D. 1 127, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were escorted to the north, together with thousands of empresses, royalty, officials, musicians, craftsmen, French drivers, ceremonial ceremonies, crown costumes, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures, imperial books, and maps of world capitals. So it happened in Jingkang period, which is called "Jingkang Change" in history.

Evonne was imprisoned for nine years. 1/kloc-0 died in Wu Guocheng on Jiazi Day in April, 35. Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan Province (near Luoyang City, Henan Province). On 11August 421day, Song Jin transported his body back to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) as agreed, and was buried in the mausoleum.

The wan ku life of the son of heaven and the brothel king.

In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year, Zhezong died at the age of 25, leaving no children. Obviously, the emperor can only choose from the Zhezong brothers. Zongshen had 14 sons, and five people were alive at that time, including Duan Wang Zhao Ji. Although Evonne is the son of the patriarch, he is not a descendant. According to the patriarchal clan system, he is not qualified to inherit the throne.

On the day of Zhezong's death, he hung a curtain for the empress dowager and cried and said to the ruling ministers, "The country is unfortunate, and Emperor Zhezong has no children, so what's going on in the world must be decided early." The prime minister immediately suggested that according to official etiquette, Li Zhezong should seal Zhao like his mother's brother. Unexpectedly, I disagree with the queen mother. Zhang Dun had to change his tune, saying that regardless of his age, he should let the older Wang Shen be the emperor. Both of these suggestions ruled out the possibility of Duan Wang. However, it was Evonne who took a fancy to the Queen Mother. Evonne was not born to Empress Dowager Cixi. What caused Empress Dowager Cixi to insist on making Evonne emperor is still inconclusive in academic circles, which may be related to Evonne's good impression in Empress Dowager Cixi's mind. Evonne goes to the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi every day. He is a clever and filial child, so he likes him better than Empress Dowager Cixi. During Zhezong's serious illness, she had a clear idea about who would succeed the Queen Mother, so she didn't accept Zhang Dun's opinion. She said firmly, "An old woman has no children, and all the princes are illegitimate children of Shinto. There should be no more differences. King Jane ranks thirteenth, and can't be ahead of his brother. But Wang Shen has an eye disease, and it is inconvenient to be king. It is better to stand and be king! " On the surface, it seems fair to handle affairs with the Empress Dowager, but behind these high-sounding words, it is obviously favoring Evonne to find a reasonable excuse for her succession. Zhang Dun was against Duan Wang's accession to the throne. He thought that "Duan Wang was frivolous and could not rule the world", and directly turned the attack on Evonne's character, but he did not agree with the Queen Mother's point of view. The two sides are deadlocked for this. At the critical moment, the Privy Council first echoed the Queen Mother's proposal, and Xu Jiang, the assistant minister of Bian He Zhongshu, a senior minister of the left, also agreed. Zhang Dun is a weak man, so he won't argue. Evonne was thus pushed to the throne of Empress Dowager, Ceng Bu, Cai Bian and others, and he was Hui Zong.

Evonne was born on October 10th, the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082). He was spoiled from childhood and gradually developed a frivolous and dissolute character. It is said that before he was born, his father Zongshen went to the secretary province to watch the portrait of Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty. "Seeing his elegant figure, he sighed and was dumbfounded", and then he gave birth to Hui Zong. "When I was born, I dreamed that pears and bamboos would come to pay homage, so the literary talent was romantic, and I was over pears and bamboos." The legend of Li Yu's afterlife is not credible, but in Evonne, there is indeed the shadow of Li Yu. Hui Zong loved pen and ink, painting, horseback riding, archery and cuju since childhood, and he had a strong interest in exotic flowers and rocks, birds and animals, especially painting and calligraphy.

With the growth of age, Evonne is infatuated with wine and color, and playing football in games is his specialty. Accompanied by Evonne is a maid named Chunlan, who is beautiful and proficient in pen and ink. She was specially given to him by the Queen Mother and gradually became his plaything. However, Evonne was not satisfied. Out of respect for the prince, he often went in and out of brothels anonymously and courted women. Almost all famous prostitutes in Beijing have an affair with him, and sometimes he even disguises his favorite prostitutes into the palace and keeps them for himself for a long time.

At the same time, Zhao Ji made a group of friends with the same rotten tastes as him. His best friend married princess royal, the daughter of Yingzong, and made him the captain of Xu. However, Wang Shen is a dissolute person, and his behavior is very disorderly. Although the princess is gentle and virtuous, and serves her in-laws, Wang Shen loves his concubines, and they contradict her many times. Therefore, Zongshen was demoted to Wang Shen twice, but he did not repent, and even joked with the concubines in front of the princess when she was ill. People with such bad conduct are Evonne's guests. They often go to Xie Fang Mansion, a famous prostitute house in Beijing. Wang Shen has a famous painting "The Map of Abelmoschus manihot", but it is only half painted. He often mentioned this matter in front of Evonne, and his regrets were beyond words. Zhao Ji kept it in mind, sent someone to look around, and finally found the other half of the painting, so he took it in Wang Shen's hand. Wang Shen thought Zhao Ji, who was fond of calligraphy and painting, wanted to collect this painting, but Evonne framed the two halves of the painting into a complete painting and gave it to him, which shows the deep relationship between them.

play football

Evonne is so generous to Wang Shen that Wang Shen will naturally reciprocate. On one occasion, Evonne met Wang Shen in the palace, and just because he forgot to bring his chopsticks (Bi), he borrowed them from Wang Shen to comb his hair. Wang Shen handed him the perforated strainer. I saw that Wang Shen's perforated strainer was exquisitely made, and I couldn't put it down, praising it as novel and lovely. Wang Shen lost no time in saying, "I have made two grates recently, and one of them has not been used yet. I'll send someone to deliver it to you later. " That night, Wang Shen sent Gao Qiu, a beadle in the mansion, to send a colander to Evonne. When Gao Qiu arrived in Zhao's home, he was playing cuju, watching and waiting for his views on Gao Qiu's cuju. Zhao is good at cuju, and Gao Qiu was an expert in street cuju in his early years. When Evonne played well, the golf ball cheered loudly. Evonne told Gao Qiu to kick it. Golf tries to play football with Evonne. Evonne had a good time, so he asked his servant to take a message to Wang Shen, saying that he would give the filter to the deacon who sent it. Gao Qiu is increasingly favored by Evonne. Later, some servants asked Evonne for a reward. He even said, "Do you have feet like his?" Evonne's debauchery is obvious.

When he became emperor, Hui Zong's temperament was hard to change. He was not interested in government affairs and continued to live a decadent life. Hui Zong/kloc-got married at the age of 0/7 and married the daughter of King Zao, the secretariat of Texas. After he ascended the throne, Wang was the queen. The Queen's simplicity and frugality will not please Hui Zong. Although she is an official palace, she is not favored. At this time, I took a fancy to Zheng He and Wang Ergui, who had been in charge of the class in the Imperial Palace. He had fine features and was good at words. When he was a vassal, every time he went to Cide Palace, Zheng and Wang accompanied him to see the Queen Mother. They are cautious and flattering, and Hui Zong likes them very much. After a long time, they noticed that the Queen Mother and Hui Zong acceded to the throne, so they gave them to him. Hui Zong got his wish and was very happy. According to records, Zheng "entered the palace, was good at reading, controlled his own chapters, and the emperor loved his talents." Obviously, Zheng is not only charming, but also can help with the memorial service. Therefore, I prefer Zheng. He sang songs for Zheng many times, and later he was widely circulated in the palace. After the death of Empress Wang, Zheng was crowned Empress in the first year of Zheng He (11).

In addition to Zheng and Wang, there are two beloved Liu Guifei, Qiao Guifei, Wei Guifei and others. Liu Guifei was born in poverty, but she is very beautiful. After she entered the palace, she was favored by Evonne, and she was promoted from a gifted scholar to a royal concubine. However, the good times didn't last long, and he died shortly after he was promoted to the imperial concubine. Liu Guifei once planted several plantains in the yard by herself. At that time, she said, "I'm afraid these plantains will not be seen when they grow up." Hearing this, the attendants hurriedly dozen Hui Zong, didn't care at first. Who knows that two days later, Liu Guifei was seriously ill. When Hui Zong went to visit, Liu Guifei had already left. Huizong was deeply saddened. He deliberately added the word "Ming Da Literature and Art" in posthumous title, and wrote his own life story as a poem, which made Yuefu compose music and sing.

Just as he was sad about this matter, Yang Jian, the prime minister, boasted in front of him that another Liu was as beautiful as Wang Zhaojun and called him into the palace. Liu is the daughter of a restaurant owner. She was born in a humble family, but she is gorgeous and romantic. When Hui Zong saw it, he was so emotional that he instantly forgot the pain of losing the princess. Spoiled Liu and was inseparable from her. If he leaves her, he will not be able to sleep at night. Liu Tianzi is intelligent and good at catering. He is also very good at sorting. Every time he makes clothes, he is fashionable and looks better than a fairy. Not only did Hui Zong like it, but also both inside and outside Beijing followed suit. It seems that Liu looks back and smiles, and the sixth house is colorless. Seeing that Liu was so popular, the Taoist priest was complacent, calling Wei Liu "a real girl of nine flowers" and painting his image on the left side of the emperor. However, with the passage of time, Liu gradually lost his charm, and the frivolous nature wanted to find another new love.

Although there were 3,000 beautiful women in the harem, Hui Zong was tired of their deliberate posturing, so he went out of the palace incognito and looked for excitement. Li Shishi, whose real name is Wang, is from Bianjing, the daughter of a craftsman. She lost her father at the age of four and became a prostitute in the Li family. Later, she became a famous prostitute in Beijing. She is both colorful and artistic, generous and chivalrous, and is known as "Flying General". Li Shishi is a bian city star, alternated natural won't let her go. Since Zheng He, Hui Zong often took a small sedan chair, led several attendants, went out of the palace incognito, and went to Li Shishi's house for the night. In order to have a good time, Hui Zong has set up a lucky bureau to take charge of tourism. Paradoxically, officials of the Xing Xing Bureau of Investigation also helped Hui Zong lie. If you don't go to court that day, say that Huizong has a food stall (palace banquet); When I didn't return the next day, I sent a message saying that I had a sore (infection). It is not a glorious thing to be decorated by the Emperor in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, so Hui Zong is always careful for fear of being discovered by others; In fact, most courtiers are well aware of this comparison, but they are afraid to ask, which makes Hui Zong more dissolute. Cao Fu, the secretary of the province, stood up and suggested that Hui Zong cherish the dragon's body so as not to make people laugh. Hui Zong flew into a rage after hearing this, and immediately ordered Wang Fu and others to deal with the matter. These people naturally understand Hui Zong's meaning and punish Cao Fu for slandering the son of heaven. Hui Zong will soon send Cao Fu to Chenzhou.

Long-term dreams and short-term glory

Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others, while creating domestic chaos, strongly encouraged Hui Zong to recover sixteen states. Since the establishment of the Song Dynasty, it has been the dream of emperors since Zhao Kuangyin to recover Yanyun. Hui Zong was overjoyed and wanted to complete the unfinished business of his ancestors in order to establish "immortal feats."

As early as September of the first year of Zheng He (11), Hui Zong sent Tong Guan to the Liao country to spy on the truth and falsehood. When he returned via Yanjing, he met Yan. This man has a bad personality, but he claims to have a good plan to destroy Liao, which is highly valued by Tong Guan. Tong Guan took him back and changed his name to Li Liangsi. On the recommendation of Tong Guan, Li Liangsi gave Hui Zong a comprehensive introduction to the crisis of Liao State and the rise of Jin State, and suggested that Song and Jin should jointly destroy Liao. In Li Liangsi's view, the Liao Dynasty is bound to perish, and the Song Dynasty should seize this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to send troops to recover the territory lost before the Central Plains Dynasty. Hui Zong was overjoyed and immediately changed Li Liangsi's surname to Zhao, and sealed an official position. Hui Zong is not only extravagant, but also ambitious and vain. If we are lucky enough to destroy the Liao country, won't the land that our ancestors dreamed of be recovered? In this way, he is a generation of wise kings, which will last forever. Since then, the Song Dynasty began to unite Jin to destroy Liao and recover it.

Many learned ministers inside and outside the imperial court disapproved of Hui Zong's opportunistic folly. Only a group of treacherous court officials such as Tong Guan, Wang Fu and Cai You were whimsical and tried their best to support him. In the spring of the first year of Huihe (1 1 18), he sent others to cross the sea from Dengzhou to Jin to plan to destroy Liao. Later, Jin also sent envoys to the Song Dynasty to study the problem of attacking Liao, and the two sides launched secret diplomacy. After many twists and turns, the two sides basically reached an agreement to send troops to attack Liao. The State of Jin captured Dading House in Zhongjing, while the Northern Song Dynasty was responsible for capturing Yanjing Xijin House and Xijing Datong House in Liaoguo. After the extinction of Liao, the land belonged to Song, and Song transferred all the old coins given to Liao every year to Jin. This is the famous "maritime alliance" between Song and Jin in history.

Portrait of Cai Jing

Soon after, Hui Zong learned that the Liao Dynasty had known about the Song-Jin Covenant, and he regretted it very much. He was afraid of being retaliated by Liao, so he ordered the detention of the envoy of Xu Jin, and delayed the implementation of the agreement to send troops to attack Liao, leaving a handle for the late Jin Dynasty to break the contract and oppose the alliance. During this period, Jin Jun successively captured Zhongjing and Xijing in the Liao Dynasty, and Emperor Tianzuo in the last years of the Liao Dynasty also fled into the mountains. The demise of the Liao Dynasty is a foregone conclusion. In this case, Huizong, in the name of patrolling the border, hastily ordered Tong Guan to lead10.5 million troops to Yanjing in order to benefit the fishermen. However, as soon as these troops arrived in Yanjing, they were attacked by General Liao and his men and were defeated.

In June of the 4th year of Xuanhe (1 122), Wangye of Liao died, and with a genial smile, he ordered Tong Guan and Cai You to send troops. At this time, Guo pharmacists in Zhuozhou, Liaoning Province surrendered to the Song Dynasty one after another, opening the way to Yanjing. Although Song Jun once attacked Yanjing City and started hand-to-hand combat with Liao Army, he was forced to retreat due to lack of backup. The second attack on Yan, which was personally deployed, ended in a fiasco.

The corruption and military weakness of the Northern Song Dynasty court gave the Jin people an opportunity. In the spring of the fifth year of Xuanhe, he took a tough and arrogant attitude towards the envoys sent, and asked Zhao Liangsi why "Song Jun didn't ride alone when Song and Jin jointly attacked Liao". On the land issue, Jin Taizu reneged on the previous agreement, insisting on only cutting the Shijingtang in the late Jin Dynasty to Yanjing area in Liao country for the Song Dynasty, and did not agree to return Yingzhou, Pingzhou and Luanzhou to the Song Dynasty. He argued that these three places were given to Qidan by Liu Rengong at the end of the Tang Dynasty, not ceded by the late Jin Dynasty. Jin people have a tough attitude, and Song can't do anything about it.

After several negotiations, the State of Jin finally agreed to return to the Song Dynasty the land that was given to Yanjing, a Liao country, and its surrounding six countries, on the condition that the Song Dynasty would transfer all the old coins given to the Liao country to the State of Jin every year, and add "tax money" of one million yuan every year. The so-called "tax money" refers to the rent paid by the Jin people in Yanjing area in the Song Dynasty, which is actually an indemnity. In April of the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), Hui sects Tong Guan and Cai You took over Yanjing area on behalf of the imperial court. When the nomads from the army retreated, they plundered the population and gold and silk in Yanjing, leaving several empty cities for the Song Dynasty. Tong Guan, Cai You and others returned to the DPRK after receiving Yanjing, and made flattering memorials, saying that people in Yanjing area welcomed Julian Waghann with pot pulp and burned incense to praise sages. Hui Zong was overjoyed when he heard that, so he ordered the placement.

After recovering Yanyun, Song Huizong was particularly proud. He thought he had made a great contribution, declared an amnesty, ordered Wang Anzhong to erect a monument in yanshou temple to restore Yanyun to commemorate this achievement, and promoted a group of minions who had participated in this war to ranks and knights. The whole court was immersed in the joy of victory, but I didn't know the end was coming.

Yubichong Tong Ning Bao

In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), after Emperor Youzhi of Liao Dynasty was captured, Shanxi Jinbing divided his forces and attacked Bianjing in two ways. Evonne was so frightened that he quickly spread the news in Qinzong that he asked his son to come out and clean up the mess, calling himself "the emperor's father", and fled south with Cai Jing and Cai You. After Qin Zong stabilized the throne, Hui Zong returned to Beijing. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Evonne, who had been in power for 25 years, was captured by the Jin people and sent to the north with his son Qin Zong, and was named "Drunken Duke". Evonne was humiliated and finally died in the Five Kingdoms City. In the 12th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 142), Zigong (coffin) in Hui Zong was transported back to Lin 'an from the State of Jin.

Hui Zong saw apricot flowers on his way to the north. He felt sad and appointed a banquet pavilion:

Cut the ice cubes, gently fold them several times, and evenly inject grease. New and beautiful makeup, full of fragrance, ashamed to kill Jolie's ladies-in-waiting. Easy to wither, more and more, ruthless wind and rain. Sorrow, ask the courtyard desolate, how many Spring Festival Galas? With hate, who has a double face, can people talk? The sky is far away, and there are thousands of waters in Qian Shan. Do you know where the Forbidden City is? Why not think about it? Sometimes I go, except in my dreams. Without evidence, dreams are new.

This word was once called "blood book" by Wang Guowei, and it was hard to read because of the pain of lovesickness. It is easy to think of Li Yu, the ruler in the late Southern Tang Dynasty. Hui Zong and Li Yu have made great achievements in art. They are good at calligraphy, painting and poetry. Politically, they are both bad kings and kings of national subjugation, and even the final outcome is roughly the same. Li Yu was poisoned by Song Taizong in Kaifeng, and Hui Zong died in five countries. Hui Zong and Li Houzhu are very similar in character and experience, which also makes future generations feel infinite.

Artistic achievements, original "thin gold" calligraphy

Combination of poetry, painting, book and seal

Artistic proposition

Evonne's art advocates both form and spirit, and advocates the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal. He is the founder of meticulous painting, painting flowers and birds, landscapes, figures and pavilions, which is the common feature of all outstanding people.

Calligraphy and Painting Appreciation of the Legendary National Treasure "Ruihetu"

Ruihe map

The color of silk is 5 1 cm long and 0/38.2 cm wide.

Ruihetu is a realistic flower-and-bird painting recognized by Song Huizong, and it is also a rare "imperial painting" in Song Huizong.

This painting stands solemnly on the Xuande Gate of the Capital of Song Dynasty, surrounded by colorful clouds. 65,438+08 red-crowned cranes with different expressions circled in the sky, and the other two stood on the kiss of Miaoling. Looking back, the clouds around the sky and the palace were painted flatly, which further highlighted the flying trend and graceful posture of the crane, and the atmosphere was peaceful and auspicious. After this painting, there is a narrative in Evonne's thin gold book.

Ruihetu was once included in Xuanhe Ruilan Collection. When Jin Jun invaded the capital of song dynasty, the work was divided into a single picture scroll and spread out. During the Qianlong period in the late Qing Dynasty, it was collected in the Qing Palace, and Puyi was smuggled out of the palace and then lost to the northeast, eventually becoming the collection of Liaoning Museum.

Ruihetu, now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum, is a "royal painting" by Song Huizong and Evonne. Its composition and techniques are excellent: changing the traditional method of conventional flower-and-bird painting, filling the sky with flying cranes, and the eaves on the front line not only contrast the cranes, but also give the picture a sense of story, which is a bold attempt in the history of China painting; The technique of painting is particularly subtle. The crane's posture in the picture is changeable, and there is no similarity. The crane is painted in ink, and the whole picture is full of vitality.

Pond roll autumn night map

Pond roll autumn night map

This painting takes herons as the main body, and all kinds of animals and plants are arranged in sections on the picture. The frontispiece is painted with Polygonum hydropiper and water candle, suggesting the seashore. Then an egret stood in the water against the wind. The lotus leaves are tilted and the water plants are harmonious, which sets off the posture of egrets full of tension. Some lotus leaves are green, and some are withered and broken. The black-and-white contrast between Moho noodles and egret noodles enhances the changing relationship of ink color. After that, Yuanyang flew, and Polygonum hydropiper, water candle and withered lotus decorated the bleak autumn. However, the egret's eyes and Yuanyang's movements still tend to extend backward, which makes the viewer feel unfinished.

Song Huizong has excellent research in painting, especially in flowers and birds. It is said that painting birds with raw lacquer is the finishing touch, which stands out from the frame in the form of beans, black, bright and strong.

This is a chalk notebook. When the chalk notebook was printed with new paper, it was as clean as new, with grass patterns printed on it, which was extremely valuable information at that time. Because the paper has been pulverized and does not absorb water, it affects the interest of pen and ink. At first glance, pen and ink are simple and interesting. Its composition is to arrange all kinds of animals and plants one by one on the screen, which is a common composition style in the Tang Dynasty and before. The morphological techniques of depicting flowers and plants are primitive and have the decorative meaning of Tang Dynasty.

Wen Hui diagram

Wen Hui diagram

Silk is colored, with a length of 184.4 cm and a width of 123.9 cm.

"Wen Hui Map" fully shows the exquisite and clean style of painting in Hui Zong Academy. Song Huizong and his minion Cai Jing also left inscriptions on the painting as a symbol of talent gathering under the emperor's rule.

The scribe sitting around the table is having a tea party. Song Huizong called this painting a picture of culture and society, but it should be related to the theme of "eighteen bachelors" since the Tang Dynasty. It may be an "adaptation" of the elements of the Northern Song Dynasty after copying ancient paintings at that time.

There are examples of servants using and preparing tea sets in the tea set in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the artists' paintings are indeed well-founded.

The two trees in the picture are intricately intertwined from the root to the top of the tree, but because of their implicit performance, there is no sense of clutter and exaggeration, and they are like exquisite works painted after observing the real growth of trees.

The works of the Academy of Painting in Hui Zong period often have a clean and neat feeling. This feature can even be found on small leaves hanging on various trees on the map of Wen Hui.