What's the difference between frogs and toads?

The difference between frogs and toads

1. Comparison of skin and body color: Frogs have two longitudinal folds from the back of eyes to the base of hind limbs, which are golden yellow or light brown. There is a faint longitudinal stripe in the middle. There are many rows of black stripes on the hind limbs. Frog's back is brown or yellow-green, and its abdomen is white. Toads have rough skin and are covered with warts of different sizes. The back is dark brown and the abdomen is milky yellow.

2. Observation of poisonous glands: There are abundant poisonous glands in toad body, which are divided into skin glands and retroauricular glands. Skin glands are distributed on the back of the body, and the epidermis is locally thickened into "wart granules". The posterior auricular gland is located above the cephalic tympanic membrane. Puncture the retroauricular gland carefully with a needle, and milky toxic serous fluid will flow out. Frogs have no poison glands.

3. Observe that the male frog has a pair of sound sacs behind his mouth. When vocalizing, the gas in the mouth presses into the vocal sac, making it swell into a ball, while the female frog has no vocal sac. Toads, on the other hand, have no voice sacs.

Step 4 compare teeth and tongue

Frogs have a row of tiny maxillary teeth on the maxillary edge; There are also two parallel rows of small tumor-like protrusions on the vomer at the top of the mouth, which are called vomer teeth. On the other hand, toads have no teeth. Pull out the frog's tongue, its tip is forked; Toad's tongue is not forked.

5. Observe the connection between ureter and cloaca: the two ureters of frog are connected with cloaca respectively, and there are two openings in the wall of cloaca; However, toad's two ureters first converge into a common ureter, and then enter the cloaca. There are only 1 openings in the cloacal wall.

Extended data:

Frogs are amphibians, belonging to Chordata, Amphibia, Anura and Ranidae. Its adult has no tail. Its eggs are laid in water, fertilized in vitro, hatched into tadpoles, and breathed through gills. After the mutation, adults mainly breathe through the lungs and skin. Most frogs reproduce by in vitro fertilization, and fertilized eggs hatch outside the mother's body into tadpoles.

Only 10 to 12 frog species in the world have evolved into in vivo fertilization, and some of them will expel fertilized eggs and hatch into tadpoles. But in zoology, the frog refers to the black-spotted lateral fold frog. Frogs have always been regarded as egg-laying animals, but scientists have found that a frog living in the rainforest of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia can give birth to tadpoles. This frog is the only frog that can "drop tadpoles" among more than 6,000 kinds of frogs in the world.

Toad, also known as Toad Hama (Toad pronounced má alone). Amphibians have many papules on the body surface and poisonous glands inside, commonly known as toads, thorns and treasures. In China, there are two kinds of toads: Chinese toad and black toad. Venenum Bufonis and Venenum Bufonis extracted from it are in short supply in China.

Toads are amphibians, their skin is covered with pores, and they are not protected by amniotic membrane and shell from birth, which makes them more sensitive to the environment than other groups. Amphibians are considered as weather vanes to detect environmental changes.

References:

Frog _ Baidu encyclopedia

Toad _ Baidu encyclopedia