He Mosi Fortune _ Singer He Mo

biography

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Huazi, was born on the ninth day of October in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898165438+1October 22nd) and died in August of 1948 12. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Because three generations all settled in Yangzhou, graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou at that time and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, they called themselves "Yangzhou people". He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed his surname because he inherited the Zhujiajian family. Being cautious, he served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty 10 for more than 0 years. My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from the East China Sea to Shaobo Town, belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou.

Introduction of works

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. The second is a group of essays, represented by the back, children, bereavement and spring, which mainly describe personal and family life and show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a number of lyrical sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Qinhuai River under the shadow of oars and lights, and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works, which have accompanied the joys and sorrows of generation after generation. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

The sincerity of Zhu Ziqing's prose feelings is well known. His Back and Mourning for the Past are called "world-class literature". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with moving power. Especially in the back, Zhu Ziqing's deep affection for his father Hongjun Zhu made readers feel a little nostalgic and moved. In his essays such as On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, The Preface of Zhong Ming's Nausea and Bitterness, he emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincere attitude". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour out his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion revealed from the deep heart is more likely to resonate with readers. Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was first famous for his poems. Published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-1920s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "Back", "European Miscellanies", "You and Me" and "London Miscellanies", as well as the collection of essays "Standards and Measurement" and "On Elegance and Vulgarity". His prose includes landscape writing, travel notes, lyric poetry and prose. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", showing the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children and For the Dead Wife, he set up a model of "conversational" prose with strong literariness and naturalness. Finally, the mixed feelings of poets, scholars and fighters are unified with subtle language and interesting reasons. He contributed to the construction of the concise, lyrical and natural style of modern prose.

As a scholar, he has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, new literature history and Chinese education. He is the author of Essays on New Poems, Arguments on Poems' Expression and Intention, Frequently Talking about Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and Outline of China New Literature Research Lectures, etc. His works were included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press).

Collection of Snow Dynasty Works (Poems) 1922 Publishing Business

Later (prose collection) was published in 1928.

Trace (Poetry Collection) 1929 was published in Yadong Library.

Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel (Prose Collection) was published in 1934.

You and I (essays) published in 1936, Business.

London Miscellanies (Prose Collection) published in 1943, Enlightened.

Teaching Chinese (essay) published in 1945, Enlightened.

Classic talk (essay) published in 1946, Wenguang.

"Poetics" (Poetics) was published in 1947, which is enlightening.

Miscellaneous Notes on New Poetry (Poetics) was published in 1947, and published by the Writers Bookstore.

Standards and scales (essay) published in 1948, Wenguang.

Collection of Chinese (Prose) was published in 1948, Mingshan Bookstore.

On "Suit both refined and popular tastes" (essay) was published in 1948 and was observed by the society.

The collected works of Zhu Ziqing (volume 1-4) were published in 1953, enlightened.

Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature (Volume I) was published in 198 1, an ancient book.

The book review Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript Collection (Prose Collection) was published in 1983 in triplicate.

Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing was published in 1986.

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (volume 1-3) 1988, Jiangsu Education (unpublished).

Zhu Ziqing's Prose Collection:

1 "in a hurry"

2 "Song"

3 "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights"

4 "Traces of Wenzhou"

5 "back"

6 "Ship Civilization"

7 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

8 "The Woman I Love"

9 “& lt； Postscript of plum blossom

10 "White people-God's favorite"

1 1 "Huai Wei holds Jun Qing"

12 "One River"

13 children

14 "Mourning Wei Jiesan"

15 travel notes

16 Gone with the Wind

17 "Talking about Dreams"

18 "Bai Cai"

19 "a letter"

20 "Preface"

2 1 "Spring"

22 "Green"

The origin of Zhu Ziqing's name and characters

It is said that after Zhu Ziqing was born, his father Hongjun Zhu liked Su Dongpo very much, so he named his son "Hua Zi" from Dongpo's poem "He is Covered in Poetry". Zhu Ziqing's nickname "Shiqiu" means "Spring blossoms and autumn harvest is fruitful", except that the fortune teller said that he was "lacking fire in five elements" and used the word "autumn". "Zhu Ziqing" was changed by himself before he went to college. He should use the word "Qing" to encourage himself to take the meaning of "Qing", "Qing" and "Qing". And this name does reflect Zhu Ziqing's unyielding integrity in his life.

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zhu Zihua, was renamed 19 17. 19 16, admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. According to his normal education, he needs to study in the preparatory college for two years and study for four years after he is promoted to the undergraduate course. Due to the gradual embarrassment of his family, he was unable to study the long six years step by step, so he skipped a grade in the second year of preparatory school and was admitted. At this time, in order to motivate himself, he took the word "self-improvement" from "Better Integrity and Self-discipline" in The Songs of the South, and renamed it self-discipline, indicating that he was willing to be poor. This is the origin of Zhu Ziqing's fame. His words have attached conditions and allusions. Did everything wrong? Guan Xing: "Ximen Bao is impatient, so Pei Wei is slow; Dongan is slow by nature, so it is urgent to wear a string. " Chord, tension, and sexual rigidity. Zhu Ziqing's choice of words and strings has obvious encouraging significance.

Send a letter to help my father.

After the Lugouqiao Incident, Mr. Zhu Ziqing moved to the rear area. He wrote to Li Jianwu, who was teaching in Shanghai at that time, asking him to help his old father who lived in Yangzhou nearby. Li Jianwu naturally won't let his teacher down. Then, why does Mr. Zhu Ziqing have such confidence in others? It turns out that the two have already established a profound friendship between teachers and students. -1925 After the summer vacation, Mr. Zhu Ziqing came to Tsinghua University to be a professor of literature in China. Li Jianwu just graduated from the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In the first class, Teacher Zhu Ziqing called the roll and asked Li Jianwu, "Li Jianwu, this name is so strange. Is it Li Jianwu who often writes articles in newspapers?" Li Jianwu replied: "I dare not hide from the teacher, it's me." It is true that when Li Jianwu and Jane were studying in the middle school attached to Normal University, they organized a fire club to engage in new literature activities. "Then I already know you!" Mr. Zhu said happily. After class, Teacher Zhu Ziqing advised Li Jianwu: "You should learn creative writing. It's not appropriate to learn Chinese, so switch to a foreign language department. " At that time, the Chinese Department only read ancient books, so Mr. Zhu Ziqing said so. Li Jianwu listened to Mr. Zhu Ziqing and transferred to the Foreign Languages Department the following year. Although the teachers and students are not in the same department, Li Jianwu wrote his works first to Teacher Zhu, who has always been his mentor. Teacher Zhu Ziqing also helped Li Jianwu to finalize the draft carefully every time. Years of communication have strengthened their sincere relationship between teachers and students for life.

I would rather starve to death than accept American flour assistance.

In China in the 1940s, everything was depressed, prices soared and people were in dire straits. Even professors in the high court find it difficult to make a living. Zhu Ziqing, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, who is poor and sickly, lives on gruel and does not have enough to eat at home. In order to alleviate the dissatisfaction of professors, the authorities issued them with "flour ration certificates", allowing them to buy cheap flour aided by the United States.

Si Tuleideng, the US ambassador to China, and Kadebo, Consul General in Shanghai, made wild remarks, attacking the people of China for not knowing good and evil and biting off the hand that feeds them. On this basis, famous scholars such as, Wu, etc. drafted the "Solemn Statement of Hundred Division" on1June, 948 17 to counter the slander and insult of the American government. In the end, the statement said: "In order to show the dignity and integrity of the people of China, we categorically reject all the alms given by the United States, whether they are bought or given, which are in the nature of buying souls. It is hereby declared that the following colleagues unanimously agreed to refuse to buy cheap flour from the United States and return the ration card. "

On June 18, Mr. Wu came to Zhu Ziqing's house to sign the declaration form. Due to long-term hardship and overwork, Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and bedridden. At this time, Mr. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and had no money for treatment. Mr. Wu said to Zhu Ziqing: "Mr. Zhu's family of nine people, old and young, has a particularly difficult life. If he signs the statement, the economic loss will be greater than that of other professors. But I respect your opinion. In short, don't be reluctant. "

"My disposition, Mr. Wu is know. During the Spring and Autumn Period, honest people insisted on not eating their own food and starved to death. Their pride is commendable, and they are well-deserved teachers. Therefore, I would rather starve to death than use American aid flour that insults charity. " Zhu Ziqing said, and sat up flat. Without hesitation, he picked up a pen and wrote the words "Zhu Ziqing" on the statement.

That evening, Zhu Ziqing wrote the following passage in his diary:

Signing a declaration rejecting American aid and American flour means that the monthly living expenses will be reduced by 6 million French francs. In the afternoon, I thought about it for a while and firmly believed that my signature was correct, because we opposed the US policy of supporting Japan, and if we want to take direct action, we should not evade personal responsibility.

On June 2 1 day, Zhu Ziqing instructed his wife Chen Zhuyin to return the "flour ration certificate". The next day, he caught a glimpse of several flour tickets of the month on the bookshelf, and immediately said to his wife, "Go and return them, and take away half a bag of flour, which is clean and thorough."

In early August, Mr. Zhu Ziqing's condition deteriorated and hospital treatment was ineffective. Unfortunately, he died on 12, and was postponed to August 12. Zhu Ziqing died of ineffective medicine stone at the age of 50. When I was dying, I opened my mouth as if I had something to say. His wife Chen Zhuyin bent down. He said laboriously and intermittently, "One thing must be remembered. I signed a document rejecting American aid. No matter how hard it is in the future, I can't ask for any more American flour. "

Zhu Ziqing refused to accept American "relief food" and showed us his great spirit of loving the nation!

other

When Zhu Ziqing was teaching at National Southwest Associated University, he enthusiastically encouraged the students, but did not praise them easily. He often argues with his students about a problem. He once said humorously to his students, "It is not easy for you to convince me, and it is not easy for me to convince you. Even my wife refuses to accept it, although the spirit of democracy lies in persuasion. "

Zhu Ziqing is very serious about teaching. He has specific regulations on the format of students' homework: the first page of homework should be left blank, the composition topics of a semester should be written down in turn, and the beginning and end pages should be marked for easy reference.

Zhu Ziqing is a conscientious scholar and never fills in the blanks. 1934 at the invitation of Zheng Zhenduo, he wrote an article about realism and a sense of picture overnight. The material is based on Pei Fu, and the back of the article is marked "copied from Pei Fu", because it is too late to check the original.

Zhu Ziqing likes to touch paper with a pen tip, which is not fast. He often thinks carefully before writing it down, and after writing it down, he doesn't need to make any cuts, that is, he becomes a good work. When he was in Tsinghua, he could only write 500 words a day. One day, Li Changzhi wrote a paper of 15000 words, plus two short articles.

Zhu Ziqing and Pu Jiangqing hold a meeting in the conference room of Chinese Department of Tsinghua Campus from 2 pm to 5 pm every Wednesday. They cut and paste the poems of past dynasties and their sequels together, and set up a general introduction and miscellaneous categories, all arranged according to the Roman alphabet. Half a year later, they finished cutting and pasting the manuscript of The Great Series of Poems.

Cicada is mentioned in Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. Some people say that cicadas don't call at night. He consulted an entomologist and said, "We often make inferences from common experience. For example, some cicadas are midnight.

Not at night, it is inferred that all cicadas don't call at night. "

192 1 On New Year's Eve, Ye Shengtao and Zhu Ziqing had a long talk and lit two white candles. New Year's Eve written by Zhu Ziqing has only three lines: "I watched with my own eyes in two flickering pewter candles except the night, and 192 1 year passed gently."

1923 In August, Yu Pingbo wrote Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, and in June of the same year 10, Zhu Ziqing also wrote an article of the same name. It turns out that two people walked together, each writing what they saw, but left two essays and travel notes for future generations, which can be compared.

In his later years, Zhu Ziqing pressed a note under the glass plate of the bookcase, which read: "But if you can see the sun, although it is brilliant, why are you depressed at dusk?"

After Zhu Ziqing's death, Xu Deheng wrote an elegy: "After teaching for 30 years, I have been teaching and learning, learning from the times, learning from the youth, living like this, being honest and healthy; If I stay for 5 1 year, the harder I work, the more I struggle, the ugliness I fight, the violence I fight, the death I die, and the tears I cry. "