The lecture hall is all about Li Qingzhao's manuscripts.

I've been looking for it for a long time. Can I get extra points? A * * * has ten episodes. I want to spread episode by episode, so you should take your time.

Voiceover:

Li Qingzhao was born in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province at the end of Northern Song Dynasty 1084, and died in 1 155, at the age of 72. In the history of ancient literature in China, Li Qingzhao was the most dazzling woman. Although there are only more than 70 existing works, she has made great achievements and is praised by later generations as "a synonym" of the graceful ci school. In the ancient feudal society of China dominated by men, it is a miracle to be so radiant. So how did Li Qingzhao practice her brilliant brushwork, the leisure of "people are thinner than yellow flowers", the sadness of "compassion for others" and the heroism of "living as an outstanding person" are her true colors? And the ups and downs of her life? Starting from today, let's follow Associate Professor Kang Zhen of Beijing Normal University to approach this legendary poetess step by step and solve these problems one by one. The first episode of Li Qingzhao's series is Scholarly Talented Women. Stay tuned.

Kang Zhen:

Speaking of Li Qingzhao, the image of such a sentimental, beautiful and dignified poetess will float in our minds. Then Li Qingzhao's poems, like her people, are always covered with a faint veil of sadness and beauty. Whenever we are in a foreign land and receive letters from relatives and husband and wife, our hearts will be touched by a touch of lovesickness. At this time, it seems that Li Qingzhao's words are ringing in our ears: "If we are broken, the jade will die." Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building. Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to get rid of this situation. You can only frown and take it to heart. "(Li Qingzhao's" A Prune, Fragrant Lotus Root and Residual Jade Autumn ") When we are haggard at the dusk of the Double Ninth Festival because we miss our family, our loved ones and our loved ones, we can't help but meditate on such a poem:" After drinking in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance, and there is fragrance in our sleeves. Mo Tao is immortal, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers") It is true that Li Qingzhao can arouse our many, many pursuits of emotion and a kind of recollection of emotion. Of course, if we are reading history, when we read the sad history of the overlord of the place of Xi Chu, we will also think of such a poem: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong." (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"). In this way, we know that even if a real man fails, he will fail brilliantly, and he will become a man who bends without bending, a tragic hero. Therefore, from these words of Li Qingzhao, we can find a lot of emotional sustenance that we have in real life. Li Qingzhao's words helped us say what we couldn't say, so everyone in China will generally agree with the view that Li Qingzhao should be regarded as the most outstanding and talented female writer and writer in ancient China. If you want to sum up Li Qingzhao in one sentence, you can also say that Li Qingzhao is a talented woman. She is not easy, simple and extraordinary. We say that she has experienced many hardships and setbacks in her life. The country is ruined, the wealth is scattered, remarried, divorced, and there are no children. A woman in feudal times, she experienced many hardships, but these hardships and setbacks Li Qingzhao never met. Her will was very strong, and she survived. As a woman, it is really not easy. We say that all the literary works, poems and essays handed down by Li Qingzhao now add up to only 70 or 80, but with these 70 or 80, she can be on an equal footing with thousands or even tens of thousands of great male writers such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Lu You in the history of China literature. With her unique creation as a female writer, she has become a beautiful landscape in the history of China ancient literature, even in the solar system. Why do you say that? 1987, the International Astronomical Society named 15 craters on Mercury and named them after 15 world celebrities. Li Qingzhao is the name of one of the craters. I think this is probably the only celestial body named after an ancient woman in China in outer space. This is a great honor and reflects the value of Li Qingzhao in people's inner world.

Voiceover:

Knowing Li Qingzhao should start from her girlhood. In the feudal society of ancient China, the average girl should live a life of staying at home and doing needlework. Therefore, in such a society where women are suppressed, the appearance of Li Qingzhao is definitely a wonderful accident. Because of this, it shows that Li Qingzhao's brilliant literary accomplishment must be different from that of her girlhood. What influence will they have on Li Qingzhao?

Kang Zhen:

His father, Li, is a scholar who has read a lot of poetry books and is proficient in Confucian classics. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the origin of Jinshi was very important, and the son-in-law of a large family mainly relied on talent, not wealth, but talent. Therefore, all men and intellectuals who have won the Jinshi are respected in society. After Li Zhong became a scholar, he worked as a professor in Yunzhou, Shandong Province. What is Professor Yunzhou? It is equivalent to the director of an education bureau in Yunzhou County. Later, he was promoted, made a business record, and became a doctor of business, which was equivalent to being a professor in the hall of Shi Jing University. So why are we talking about this? What is a passage in Li's experience? I am engaged in education, which must have a great influence on Li Qingzhao. Later, Li Yin's poetry creation and academic achievements were appreciated by Su Shi, and he became one of the "four bachelors after Su Men". Li's character belongs to honest and frank, honest and frank, and he doesn't rub sand in his eyes. He is very angry when he sees the unhealthy trend in society, and he will never go along with it. Let's give a very simple example. When he was a professor in Yunzhou, that is, when he was the director of education bureau in Yunzhou County, he was very poor. You may find it strange, teacher. What are you talking about? As the director of the county education bureau, he is poor? He is very poor. How poor is he? He was so poor that he felt sorry for him in Yunzhou. He called him and said, Lao Li, you have worked hard all day. You must find a solution to the economic problem. With your two dollars, your two salaries are probably terrible. I didn't expect our Li not to buy this set. I will take as much money as I should for what I do, and I won't take the extra money. From this little incident, we can feel that Li is an upright and principled person. Moreover, Li is a nuisance, and he will fight with bad people when he sees bad things. When he was an official in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, there was a local Taoist who told people fortune. Some Taoist priests have good families, some have high academic qualifications, but some Taoist priests just cheat money, spread rumors and scare people. This Taoist priest has a great influence in the local area. He likes to drive out when he goes out. I guess I bought the car with the money I cheated. Once Li was on a business trip, he also drove this car, and the two cars met. It was rude when Li's car ran into another car. He immediately ordered his men to drag the Taoist priest out of the car, pull him to the side of the road, kneel on the ground, and then reprimand him for his crimes and beat him up. That is, for those things that are wrong and unhealthy to him, he can't rub them in his eyes, and he can't rub any sand. Then let's think about it. This Li has educational experience. He is a well-read poet and a scholar. Moreover, he has a close relationship with Su Shi and other literati in Sumen, and his personality is so honest and frank integrity. All these can form an impression in our minds. Think about this impression. Can it not affect Li Qingzhao? It will definitely affect.

Li Qingzhao's mother is surnamed Wang, Wang. This king was born in a terrible way. Her grandfather, Wang, was the top scholar in the dynasty. Wang has also served as a bachelor of Hanlin, an official minister, a minister of national personnel, and three secretaries. This position does not correspond to ours now, and it is roughly equivalent to Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce. Then let's think about the granddaughter trained by this family. It certainly shouldn't be particularly ordinary. Therefore, in Li's biography, Li Jin entered the biography of Song History. At the end of Li's biography, he mentioned his wife and his daughter. When referring to this Wang, he specifically mentioned a sentence, "Your granddaughter and wife Wang are also good at writing articles"-The History of Song Dynasty says that this Wang is also good at writing articles, and she is also good at writing articles. You can say only three words, so you can still say a lot. You know, first of all, it's very unusual to get into the official history. Li Neng entered the history of the Song Dynasty, which was unusual at the beginning. Secondly, even his wife can be recorded in this biography by historians at that time, which is even more unusual. That shows that she is not generally good at writing articles, and we can even say that she is very proficient in articles. The so-called "article" in ancient times has a wide meaning. Maybe she can write poems. Therefore, her mother should be said to be such a woman who grew up in a literary family and should have a great influence on Li Qingzhao.

Voice-over: It can be seen that good family culture education has played a vital role in Li Qingzhao's psychological development. Li Qingzhao's parents not only taught Li Qingzhao by example in cultural education and personality development, but also created a more relaxed and free educational environment for her than ordinary girls at that time. So what kind of girlhood will Li Qingzhao have at this time? Will she record this experience in her own works?

Kang Zhen:

Li Qingzhao's girlhood life is full of color, joy, vitality and fun in her eyes, which is embodied in her famous saying "A Dream":

I often think of dusk by the river.

As drunk as a fiddler, we didn't remember anything on the way back!

After having a good time, we rowed home.

Mistaken into the depths of lotus.

Fight for crossing, fight for crossing,

Frightened, all the egrets in the shallows flew away.

This word is too good. Why? What is rare is that she embodies Li Qingzhao's unique accurate grasp of the moment. I will always remember the sunset in Xiting. I often think of that evening. I often think of everything that happened that night. It can be seen that that night is so profound, so pleasant and so unforgettable in Li Qingzhao's memory. What kind of night was it? She said, "I don't know the way back when I'm drunk." We think this is outrageous. /kloc-how can a 0/6-year-old girl be "drunk and don't know the way back"? They are a group of 16-and 17-year-old girls who have a good time together. How can they meet? He said, "Go back to the boat in the evening and go into the depths of the lotus." What did they do? I went boating, ate some snacks and drank some wine on the boat, while singing and boating, while enjoying the splendid sunset and sunset glow. But after a long time, I drank too much, and the boat "strayed into the depths of the lotus", which pointed out that she was not rowing on the sea or on the river, but on a beautiful lake.

"Mistaken into the depths of the lotus root", the word "mistake" and the previous word "drunk don't know the way back" are closely combined. Why? After drinking too much, the ship's course was a little distorted, so they rowed deep into the lotus, showing that they were not only enjoying the sunset glow, but also enjoying something while drinking wine. Beautiful lotus, let's think. No matter whether you close your eyes or open them, you can think of the gorgeous scene in front of you, the splendid sunset and the quiet lake. If you let them paddle, it won't be a calm lake. There are green lotus leaves, white lotus flowers, mellow wine and their cheerful laughter. If you want to take a closer look, it may be because they are excited and blush. The most important thing is that after "straying into the depths of the lotus", "fighting for crossing, fighting for crossing" is not a ship. I didn't know how many boats I rented at that time. As I said just now, they are a group of people playing and having a good time. Where are they happy? That is, let's see who can row faster. The arrow is stuck in the depths of the lotus, and then a pool of gulls and herons is raised. A group of waterfowl fly from the lotus leaves in the endless field.

A young writer under the age of twenty painted a vivid and interesting picture for us. Can you say that its author is an exquisite lady who lives in Lacrimosa all day? That's not. Very lively, energetic and individual, and what is the biggest difference between her and other girls? Not only can she enjoy such happiness, but she is also good at describing such happiness and leaving it to us to share. Otherwise, after nearly a thousand years, how can we understand the happy life time enjoyed by a girl in Song society? That is unimaginable, so this word has historical value. What do you think of Li Qingzhao? Of course.

Voiceover:

Li Qingzhao is lucky. She is not bound in the narrow space of "three obedience and four virtues", which makes her talent, knowledge and knowledge reach a height that ordinary ancient women can't reach. At this time, Li Qingzhao was in the prime of life, and the pace of youth gradually turned her into a sensitive and affectionate young woman. Then, apart from the fun of carefree play with friends, what other feelings does Li Qingzhao have? What is the other side of Li Qingzhao's life?

Kang Zhen:

For a young girl, spring is often more romantic and emotional. Li Qingzhao also wrote a particularly good poem "Like a Dream", saying:

Last night, it was raining and suddenly the wind blew.

Deep sleep won't leave a hangover.

Ask the shutter man,

However, Haitang remains the same.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what?

It should be green, fat, red and thin.

Good, too. People say why you always say good, because she does write well. The first word before me is about the scene of summer, and the first word is about the scene of spring. There are many key places left for our imagination in this word, all of which are some details of life. "It rained suddenly last night", with little wind and rain. Our heroine drank too much in the back garden. What's going on here? Why do you always drink too much? Just now, I said "I don't know where to go when I'm drunk", but now it's "I don't need to drink after a long sleep" What do you mean? Even if she slept all night, even in the first half of the morning, she couldn't fully wake up in this drunken state. She drank too much. Why did she drink too much? She will give us the answer later.

This wine is a frequent image in Li Qingzhao's poems. In fact, as we all know, when poets and poets write wine, they often have both a real side and an imaginary side. Just like Li Bai wrote about drinking, drinking so much all the time will have problems. Wine became a symbol to help his mood. "Let me, 300 bowls, a long drink!" It is a kind of verve. If you give me a try to drink 300 cups at a time, it's strange not to drink too much. Therefore, Li Qingzhao's "deep sleep can't stop drinking" is an emotion. What kind of night was it last night? It's windy and rainy, and my mood is very complicated. So I kept drinking, drinking, and sleeping until late at night. What's the first thing when you wake up? It's not dressing up or eating breakfast, which has nothing to do with the mundane things of daily life. What is she talking about? "Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there." This omits a sentence, that is, she asked the shutter man how she asked. She actually asked what happened to the begonia flowers behind the garden. Then, the shutter said, "Haitang is still there." Who is the shutter? Their little daughter. Still bored in bed in the morning. My little girl came over and rolled up the bed sheet for her, then looked at her and said, are you still going to school today? When she saw the little maid come to see her, the first thing she asked was not whether the fried eggs were ready, not this, but what happened to the begonia flowers in the backyard. This sentence is so crucial that it tells all the reasons why she drank last night. Say nothing, I don't care if there is a problem with Haitang. This little girl must have answered this way. What I care about is that you have a problem. In fact, where did she know that Li Qingzhao's mind was not on this, so what did Li Qingzhao say at the end of the word? She said, "You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " Hey, you're wrong. Your answer is wrong. No matter what this begonia flower in the back garden looks like, in my heart, it should be "green, fat and thin" now.

This "green fat, red thin" is used wonderfully. "Green manure" means that the leaves of begonia flowers are more plump and lush after being watered by rain, but don't forget, what was it last night? "The rain was sparse and the wind was sudden last night", and the wind was particularly strong. When the wind is strong, the flowers of begonia may wither, so what is she most worried about? It's "red thin". Why do you care about "red thin"? Because Begonia flower symbolizes her youth, Begonia flower symbolizes the girl's yearning for youth and time, which is the core part. So I drank wine last night. Why? I just feel that I am young and unknown, and I can continue geometry? After another night of wind and rain, I wonder if my beauty can continue geometry? And the begonia flowers in the back garden are not like their own beauty? As the saying goes, beauty tends to decline. In fact, isn't it a manifestation of cherishing youth to worry that beauty is easy to decline? Where is this shutter man? What can a little girl know in her heart? Therefore, although this word is short, it is very emotional, which is very different from other male writers' words. From the perspective of women, she writes about women's own psychology with female brushstrokes, which is difficult for ordinary male writers to touch.

Voice-over: The word "like a dream" reflects different living conditions, but both reflect Li Qingzhao's outstanding literary talent. In fact, the words and deeds of Li Qingzhao's parents not only cultivated Li Qingzhao's literary accomplishment and realm beyond ordinary people, but also exercised her extraordinary political knowledge and courage. Then, how did Li Qingzhao perform in this respect, and how did future generations evaluate Li Qingzhao's talent in this respect?

Kang Zhen:

Here's an example. There was a famous scholar named Jie Yuan in the Tang Dynasty. He once wrote an article called Ode to the Prosperous Tang Dynasty. What is the theme of this article? It was after the "An Shi Rebellion" that the society of the Tang Dynasty slowly moved towards Zhongxing after recuperation. Jie Yuan wrote "The Fu of Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty", which is a very good article. Later, Yan Zhenqing, a famous calligrapher, was specially invited to write and carve on a stone cliff in Wuxi.

Then in the Song Dynasty, Zhang Lei, a student of Su Shi, wrote a poem "Zhongxing Fu" in Wuxi, which came down in one continuous line with this poem of Datang. At that time, many famous literati conformed to Zhang Lei's poems. None of us can imagine that it is always the case that ordinary literati write poems with such political themes. It's amazing, and it's ok for a young man to write. But Li Qingzhao, who was in the boudoir at that time, was also unambiguous. As soon as she wrote it, she co-wrote two songs with Zhang Lei. Therefore, through these two poems, we can see that Li Qingzhao surpassed ordinary people in politics when she was very young. She wrote two sentences, very good. What do you say about them?

What's invincible? It is said that litchi Sodoma is dead. -Wuxi Zhang Wenqian's "Two Poems of Zhongxing Fu" (excerpt)

Why did the troops of the Tang Dynasty lose when fighting the troops of the An Shi Rebellion? Nothing else. His horse and his war horse have no other use. It is specially used for Yang Guifei to pass on litchi. Yang Guifei likes to eat litchi. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty specially asked people to send litchi to her from the south station by station by post horse. Li Qingzhao said that your war horse was exhausted on the way to transport litchi, and naturally there were no good war horses during the war. This is a metaphor, of course, but it is unusual for a girl to say such insights, which is higher than Zhang Lei's poems. This is not like a poem written by a girl. It will become a young man and take the imperial examination another day. So after her poems were written, many later scholars were surprised. We know, what did Zhu, a great philosopher in the Song Dynasty, say? How can a girl say such a thing that a woman can't say? That's not what the girl said. Is that what you said? The stranger he asked, the clearer our understanding of Li Qingzhao, and the more we felt that Li Qingzhao I just said was not simple and extraordinary. Why does she have such qualities? As I said before, it has something to do with her family, her personality and her vision.

As I just said, her father Li, there are rumors in the history of Song Dynasty, her mother also has rumors in that biography, and Li Qingzhao also has rumors in that biography. When Li Qingzhao was mentioned in that biography, it was not three words. Her mother occupied three words, "Yi Shanwen". What are Li Qingzhao's ci poems? Li Qingzhao said, "Poetry is especially timely." -"History of Song Dynasty". Her poems were especially praised by people at that time, not just a very general "good writing". Think about it, it is not easy to be summarized by historians in these seven words. Now we are worried about her. Why? She's not young. She's sixteen or seventeen. According to our rules, she should also get married. Who dares to marry such a talented person? Anyway, who deserves her? On the other hand, who can she value? So if she can value a person, what kind of person should she be? These are all things that we are particularly concerned about. How about these? They are what we want to tell you in the second episode of Matching Households. Thank you!