Self-titled portrait written by Lu Xun. A self-deprecating explanation?

Interpretation of the title of "Self-mockery": First, it says: "As for the word" self-mockery "written by Lu Xun, it is just a kind of music. In fact, Mr. Lu Xun does not need to laugh at himself. " Since there is no need to laugh at yourself, why "laugh at yourself"? Does it mean that there is no "self-mockery" when you say "Qubi"? This problem is not clear. The second is to say: "This poem is called self-mockery, but it is actually a mockery of the enemy." That's mocking the enemy, not self-mockery. If you really don't laugh at yourself, why write "laugh at yourself"? Third, "self-mockery is self-mockery. What does Lu Xun laugh at himself for? Laughing at your own experience and your own situation means laughing at the persecution of the enemy. " "It's self-mockery, and the object of every poem is always yourself." Laughing at yourself is laughing at the enemy? Every poem is a mockery of itself. Is "coldly looking at a thousand fingers" also a mockery of yourself?

How do you explain "self-mockery"? The topic of "self-mockery" has its origin. There is a theory in Selected Works, including Dong Fangshuo's Difficult to Answer Guests, Yang Xiong's All Tides and Ban Gu's Answering Guests. These three topics all have paragraphs and scenes, and the first one is Jie Chao. These three articles are all explaining the ridicule of the guests, not "self-mockery", but different from "self-mockery". However, in the biography of Han Dong Fang Shuo, I said, "Because it is difficult to set up a guest, I masturbate with my job." It was Dong Fangshuo who assumed that the guest was mocking himself, not the guest, but he was mocking himself, and then he answered himself. Yang Xiong's Xiechao, Ban Gu's Answering the Guest Play and Han Yu's Yi Jie Xue are all the same. It is assumed that a person will ridicule himself, but he is actually mocking himself and then answering himself. Therefore, Dong Fangshuo and other three articles are called "hypothesis" in Selected Works, which shows that the self-deprecating guest is assumed by the author, that is, the author laughs at himself. This kind of article is divided into two parts, one is mocking yourself and the other is answering. In fact, it is self-mockery and self-justification, but it is a guest ridicule and self-justification in form.

Lu Xun's "self-mockery" is a change from this kind of "self-mockery" articles, and it is called "self-mockery" without formal self-explanation. In fact, the past "self-mockery" is divided into two parts, and so is Lu Xun's "self-mockery". In the past, it was assumed that the guests asked themselves questions to ridicule themselves. Lu Xun's Self-mockery also asked questions to ridicule himself, such as "What do you want from the canopy", which is actually a question. What else do you want from the canopy? Previous articles about "making fun of others" all have their own opinions, such as "bad lips and bad teeth" written by Dongfang Shuo, "the rise and fall of official career" written by Yang Xiong, "the balance of body" written by Ban Gu, "putting an end to the past is easy to blame" written by Han Yu, and "fighting for death is useless". Lu Xun also had similar "self-mockery", such as "dare not turn over when meeting", which is similar to being afraid of meeting the "balance gate" and "complaining about others"; Writing your own description is the same as writing your own "rotten lips and teeth" and "clumsy teeth" This is the self-deprecating part.

In the past, the part of "laughing with laughter" often occupied its own position, such as Dong Fangshuo's "working with Fan Li to be loyal to the son", Yang Xiong's "laughing with the phoenix and accompanying the owl" and Ban Gu's "harmony with the wall".

"A thousand years, it's time." Lu Xun also made a mockery, that is, "bow down and be a willing ox", and its profound significance has been expounded by Chairman Mao, which naturally goes far beyond the predecessors. Therefore, there is a self-deprecating part in "Self-mockery", unlike the explanation quoted above, which thinks that "self-mockery" is a tune and a "mockery of the enemy". How can it be a "curveball" to say that you are lucky and dare not turn over and cover your face with a broken hat? How can it be a mockery of the enemy? Isn't the delivery of China cover the delivery of China cover? How can you mock the enemy when you say you are lucky? "Self-mockery" has a self-explanation part, and not every sentence is self-mockery.

Of course, Lu Xun's "self-mockery" is very different from his predecessors' "laughter" in form and content. The predecessors laughed at themselves, but Lu Xun only called it "self-mockery", which is a different proposition. The predecessors used the teasing of guests to express their grievances, and used self-explanation to occupy their own identity, mainly laughing at themselves, and did not dare to touch the feudal rulers for their grievances and beautify them. Lu Xun's Self-mockery is a revolutionary poem, which dares to stab the Kuomintang reactionaries directly, showing his contempt for the enemy and his determination to fight for the revolutionary cause to the end. So what's the point of comparing it with the previous "laughing back to laughing"? This just shows the development of Lu Xun's creation, just like Lu Xun's "I am lovelorn" has inheritance and development. Pointing this out will help us understand the topic of "self-mockery" and make it more in line with the reality of poetry.

Secondly, the explanation of the last couplet "hiding in a small building into a unified whole, giving consideration to Xia Chunqiu in winter". One said, "The last two sentences are ironic to those who only care about their own comfort and don't ask politics." Second, irony 1932 The Kuomintang reactionaries moved to Luoyang during the December 28th Incident, and did not move back to Nanjing until June 5438+02. The author wrote this poem. Hiding in the Small Building once again expresses Lu Xun's thought of "fighting in the trenches". The' small building' is the fortification of the bunker and the trench at the front. Hiding in the small building, taking the opportunity to attack, is to better preserve themselves, attack the enemy and destroy the enemy. "Fourth, to say' to be unified' means to be unified by yourself and to be tit-for-tat with the Chiang family dynasty. Although the' small building' is small, as an outpost of the struggle against the enemy, it is linked to the entire proletarian revolutionary struggle. "

Let's take a look at the previous "Laugh and Laugh", and what is said in the later part. Dong Fangshuo said, "When you don't need it, you don't have an apprentice, but you live alone"; What Yang Xiong said is "a house that is lonely and defends morality"; Ban Gu said, "Think carefully what you want and keep your destiny." . Are satisfied with loneliness and self-control, rather than satirizing others. It is not appropriate for people who are sarcastic but don't ask politics. It is mainly the enemy who should be satirized, but for those who don't ask politics, it is an education problem, not irony. Lu Xun's Hiding in a Small Building is content with loneliness, but there are similarities in form. Of course, their spirits are totally different. The former is to retreat, and the latter is to fight.

How to fight "hiding in a small building"? Is it a trench war with a small building as the trench? We only know that when the enemy enters the city for street fighting, they hide in the small building and attack the enemy under the cover of the small building. Lu Xun opposed cultural "encirclement and suppression". How can he regard this small building as a trench? To oppose cultural "encirclement and suppression", we must take newspapers and periodicals as the fighting position to attack the enemy. If you leave the fighting position of newspapers and periodicals, how can you attack the enemy even if you hide in a small building? Lu Xun's trench warfare is to confuse the enemy with various pseudonyms when he writes about the war, and to blind the enemy's eyes with various ingenious artistic techniques when he writes about the war, so as to cover himself and attack the enemy, instead of "hiding in a small building" to save himself and attack the enemy. Third, I'm afraid it's not realistic. The fourth theory holds that "hiding in a small building" means holding one's ground, and "unification" is linked to the whole revolutionary struggle of the proletariat. However, the original sentence said that "hiding in a small building" has become unity, that is, hiding in a small building has become unity, not based on a small building and then linked with a revolutionary base area. Just because hiding in a small building has become a unified country, it corresponds to "caring about winter Xia Chunqiu". No matter what the external political climate is, we should care! Which means it doesn't matter. If this small building is linked with the whole proletarian revolutionary struggle, we must pay close attention to the external political climate. How can you ignore it? So the four theories can't help asking too many questions.

So what exactly do these two sentences mean? Under the persecution of reactionaries, Lu Xun often fled, so hiding in a small building became my unified country, no matter what changes in the political climate outside him. This is "self-mockery", but it is not limited to self-mockery. It is also an irony that Kuomintang reactionaries only know how to avoid it, no matter how endangered the motherland is. These two sentences are both "self-mockery" and a fierce attack on the enemy, which shows that "self-mockery" is a revolutionary battle. These two sentences have a strong cooperation with the couplets of "looking at each other coldly"