Why do corrupt officials tell fortune?

Why are there so many corrupt officials in Qianlong?

Core Tip: In order to satisfy Emperor Qianlong's extravagant desires, he also vigorously promoted the system of "discussing money" for forty-five years, stipulating that all officials can be exempted or mitigated by paying money. All the money from the discussion bank went into the interior office, which increased the income of the royal family. The corruption of officials is even more unscrupulous. Some people immediately ask for bribes after paying controversial money, forming a vicious circle. Source: China Culture News (6th edition, 201016), author: Liu Fengyun, original title: Why were there so many corrupt officials in Qianlong Dynasty? In the Qing dynasty, officials in the Qianlong dynasty were particularly greedy for ink. At that time, there were not only many cases, but also a huge amount of bribes. Moreover, from the Ministry governor to the petty official chief, there is almost no official and no greed. Although Emperor Qianlong promoted Dayu many times, the more people were punished, the more greedy they became. In the process of adjudication, law enforcement is different. Although Emperor Qianlong clearly stipulated that once officials were found to be corrupt, deficit, extortion, bribery, fraud, misappropriation of public funds and theft of the state treasury, the local government stressed that "corrupt officials should not be allowed to make a fortune" and severely punished them on the principle of "one day without locking the axe, one day without greed". However, autocratic politics gave the rulers great arbitrariness in the process of ruling, so the personal power and will of Emperor Qianlong were often above the law, mainly in the following aspects: First, because the people legislated, they favored their cronies. For example, Li Shiyao, governor of Yunnan-Guizhou Province, took bribes for forty-five years and entered Haining, the road of grain storage in Yunnan. Because of the bad environment, the meeting of Jiuqing, a college student, was decided. However, Emperor Qianlong thought that Li Shiyao was the best among the governors, so he tried his best to protect him and ordered the governors of all provinces to reconsider. However, when the governors demanded a conviction on the basis of preliminary discussion, Emperor Qianlong still wanted to excuse himself and reprimanded Fuller Hun and others who supported the discussion of Jiuqing. Regardless of public opinion, Li Shiyao was appointed to be beheaded by the imperial edict that "I am not a past tense, but a misdemeanor". Soon, he was granted amnesty, and he was appointed governor of Shaanxi but Gansu. Since then, Li Shiyao's greed has remained the same. "This was the last time he pitied his talent and was forgiven for it." . For another example, the ancestors of Fujian and Zhejiang governors were also valued by Emperor Qianlong for "energy". 178 1 Chen Huizu, whose brother was a member of Wang Wang's major corruption case, committed the crime of bending the law for selfish ends and handed it over to the Ministry of Punishment for punishment. However, Emperor Qianlong tried his best to release it. He said: "I will never impose heavy penalties because of my brother's complicity." Chen Huizu was still able to make a difference, but Jain was exempted from punishment and reduced to the third class, each carrying out his duties. "And Chen Huizu took the opportunity to invade corruption, which led to a major case of stealing officials' property. In spite of this, Emperor Qianlong was merciful and ordered to be beheaded. Just because the new governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Fuller Hun, and the governor of Zhejiang, Fu Song, violated the rules, the fact that Fujian and Zhejiang granaries were short of money confirmed Chen Huizu's greed. Emperor Long committed suicide under such circumstances. Second, we should adapt ourselves to the times and combine leniency with severity. In the early days of Emperor Long's rule, law enforcement was relatively strict. In more than 20 years, he handled seven major corruption cases, namely, the case of Eshan commanding Shangshu and deploying the Ministry of War to lead the troops; Zhejiang Governor Chang 'an case; Governor Zhou of Jiangnan River; The case of Shandong Provincial Governor Ou Leshun; Hunan envoy case: Governor Wen of Yunheng and Governor Jiang Zhou of Shandong Province. In these cases, the families of the perpetrators were confiscated and people were executed. Among them, Jiang Zhou is the son of Jiang Tingxi, a former college classmate, and is also a gangster. To this end, Emperor Qianlong also specifically instructed: "The corruption of foreign officials who abuse power for personal gain has long been eliminated.

Its lenient result will inevitably open the door for officials to take bribes and bend the law, and "the governor and other officials are unscrupulous", resulting in a major corruption case in the late Qianlong period. It is a well-known story that Emperor Qianlong loved peace in his later years. He has successively appointed and served as Minister of Military Affairs, Minister of Interior, Minister of Security, Chief of the Army, Minister of Civil Affairs and Military Affairs, and has been in power for more than 20 years. Politics in the late Qianlong period was influenced by harmony. According to records: "When the times are integrated with the public, the voice of Weah will make all the governors in the world think about it." "For a while, your position was full of disdain, and you regarded it as the peace of Mount Tai", or "relying on it for Olympic aid", trying to attach to it. So with the rise of official position and official position, his family began to be crowded. Someone described it vividly: "I'm afraid it will be called' Puckilo Hutong' later. In similar countries, every day in the office, people who are good at running for literati stand on the left side of the road. " The tonic is the official uniform, which refers to the ugly state of officials scrambling to make friends, which can be seen in the prevailing times. As for the specific situation of officials going door to door, the bribery case of Lianghuai Salt Administration investigated by Jiaqing can explain some problems. In order to keep this deficit, Zheng Rui confessed that he gave 202,000 silver in the first year of Jiaqing, that is, when his wife died. "At that time, I didn't have much interest. I wanted to increase it to 400 thousand, but I didn't receive it. A long time ago, I sent and received two hundred thousand dollars. In addition, there are countless items such as silks and satins and kit kat. " Bribery directly leads to two consequences: first, officials are driven by political goals and interests, or ask for bribes from them, leading officials to search for people's cream; Or steal from it and lose money to the state treasury. Second, the upward and downward influence. And greedy, officials are scrambling to follow suit, there is nothing to hide. Therefore, most of the serious and despicable corruption cases in the late Qianlong period were related to harmony. In order to satisfy emperor Qianlong's extravagant desires, he also vigorously promoted the system of "discussing silver" for forty-five years, stipulating that all officials who committed crimes could be exempted or mitigated by paying silver, and the income from discussing silver went to the Ministry of the Interior, which increased the income of the royal family. The corruption of officials is even more unscrupulous, and some people immediately ask for bribes after paying the negotiated money, forming a vicious circle. As far as the character of emperor Qianlong is concerned, as far as the extravagant style of Taiping monarch is concerned. In addition to "daily self-improvement", he was overjoyed and indulged in the splendor and luxury of the Taiping monarch. Its outstanding performance has two points: First, it received a large number of tributes. On New Year's Day, birthdays and celebrations, local officials always present gifts to the emperor, which are called "local objects". Although Emperor Qianlong issued imperial edicts for many times, requiring his subordinates not to accept or underpay, he never stopped accepting them, and even forced them in the form of apportionment. For example, in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong celebrated his eightieth birthday. "Inside and outside the palace, large and small objects and appliances are new. From Yanjing to Yuanmingyuan, the balcony is decorated with gold beads and jade, and the rockery is also equipped with temple figures. If you move its machine, doors and windows will open and close, and people will move. Don't worry about commercial funds, and don't spend official money. Outside, all the senior officials in the province have made contributions. Inside, all government departments know that donating rice and cakes will help them. " A total of 1,144,297.25 silver was used for this celebration. Among them, the amount of local officials' employment accounts for 62%, all of which are "calculated according to the number of honest people in the province, and ordered to withhold 25/ 10 as appropriate". Second, this is a journey of wealth. During the reign of the dragon, he went crazy.

The indulgence and extravagance of the dragon emperor will inevitably affect the current politics and wind direction. First of all, ministers and workers, large and small, followed suit. Take the colorful sheds built by emperors everywhere as an example. At first, when Emperor Qianlong returned to Beijing via Shandong and Zhili, it was getting hotter and hotter, so he had to build a shed for the summer. Later, in order to please the emperor's wishes, various places competed to set up stalls to welcome the driver, making it a big landscape opposite the Yudao color shed. Another example is the lion forest in Suzhou, which has been abandoned for many years. Local officials began to repair it after the first southern tour. After ten years, it has finally become a famous garden in the south of the Yangtze River with beautiful scenery. Secondly, the inspection directly accelerated the corruption of official management. Whether local officials are tribute officials or inspector officials, they will spend a huge amount of silver. This has brought great pressure to local officials who are poorly managed, and it has also become an excuse for their corruption. There are many reasons why greed flourished in the long dynasty. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of increasingly corrupt feudal bureaucrats. Under the prosperous times, the social atmosphere of officials and gentry pursuing luxury life also provided a special environment for officials' greed. In addition, Emperor Qianlong's personal political accomplishment, ruling style and personality hobby also had an important influence on current politics.