Introduction to Song Ci: Is the real Song Ci a master of solving crimes in history?

You may find it strange to mention the name Song Ci. However, you will be deeply impressed when you mention the selfless and decisive Song in the TV series "Da Song". With the popularity of criminal prosecution in the Song Dynasty, more people got to know this famous originator of forensic medicine in history. Song Ci in the play is like Sherlock Holmes in China, and any clue can escape the detective's eyes. What is the true face of Song Ci in history? Does it match the shape created in the TV series? With these questions, we returned to the Southern Song Dynasty and got to know this mysterious Sherlock Holmes again. Song ci? Hui Fu was born in Tongyouli, Jianyang County, Southern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, his great-great grandfather Shi Qing came to Jianyang from Jiande County, Zhejiang Province as the mayor and lived in Jianyang. Song Gong, the father of the Song Kingdom, was a well-off prisoner in the Song Dynasty. Song ci was smart since childhood, influenced by his father, and good at observation and reasoning. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he studied under the top scholars of Jianyang, Wu Zhi and Zhu Changxiong, and was influenced by classmates such as Yi Bangjia. Influenced by Zhu Cheng in his youth, Song Ci believed that reason was the representative of the order and law of all things in the universe. It is the foundation of the whole world and existed before the end of heaven and earth; The earth still exists after falling, which is a typical idealistic view. Song ci attached importance to practice since childhood and strived for true knowledge. At the beginning of his book "Collection of Grudges", it is written that prison affairs should not be more important than monarch, monarch should not be more important than first love, and first love should not be more important than investigation. In other words, the heaviest punishment is beheading. The beheading of traitors is based on the case, and judging the seriousness of the case mainly depends on investigation. Through the test, we can see whether the prisoner has any grievances, which determines a person's life and death. Connotation of Song Ci: His basic thoughts run counter to his Neo-Confucianism education and belong to materialism. Song Ci, a person who has received systematic education since childhood and has been influenced by Neo-Confucianism for a long time, is bound to have strong Neo-Confucianism idealism according to common sense. Ironically, in his works, there is no Confucian etiquette of see no evil, which violates the ethical concepts and specific practices at that time and completely breaks the forbidden area of autopsy. He warned the inspection officials that no one should hide the secret place, and all the holes must be carefully inspected to see if there are any deadly foreign objects such as needles and knives inserted in them. In particular, all women should not be shy and should be carried to a bright and stable place. If the deceased is a servant girl of a rich family, it is necessary to carry the body to the road for inspection so that everyone can see it and avoid suspicion. In the view of Neo-Confucianism or Taoism at that time, it was too evil to look at the body like this. However, it is very necessary to find out the case and prevent relevant personnel from using this ethical concept to cover up the truth of the case. Song resolutely obeyed the reality and swept away the Taoist spirit. Song Ci also formulated a set of post-mortem clauses, such as stipulating that prosecutors should go to the scene in person to examine and analyze the cause of death in time, and should not avoid it because the body decays. Confucian disciples under the influence of Cheng Neo-Confucianism did not follow the traditional golden mean and showed amazing dialectical thinking. What causes a person to have two completely opposite ideas? Song ci has left us with a historical mystery that is difficult to solve. In the first year of Southern Song Dynasty, he entered imperial academy, the capital of Beijing, and was deeply appreciated by Dr. imperial academy. He was actually a teacher. During this period, Professor Zhen learned a lot about Song Ci. In the tenth year of Jiading, Song Ci was appointed as the county commandant of Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province, as the champion of two subjects. He didn't take office when his father was ill. In the second year of Qing dynasty, he served as the main book of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. At that time, Song Ci had entered the threshold of 40 years old before it really entered the official career. Since the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, the government has been faced with the threat of coveting the rich Jin Dynasty and Mongolia in the south of the Yangtze River. With the failure of …

In the first year of Shao Daoguang, on the recommendation of Chen Hao, the arresting ambassador of Fujian Road, Song Ci was appointed as the magistrate of Changting County. American officials in Song Ci are honest, compassionate, fearless and decisive. At the beginning of his tenure in Changting County, he learned that the local salt was shipped from Fuzhou via Minjiang River, which lasted for one year. The intermediate link was seriously exploited, the price of salt was too high, and the people were overwhelmed. Therefore, after investigation and consultation, it only takes three months to go back and forth from Chaozhou along Hanjiang River and Tingjiang River to Changting, which greatly saves the freight. The government sells salt cheaply, and everyone praises it. Duan Ping for three years, Tongzhi Tang Weng hired Song Ci as his chief of staff. Zong Jiaxi served as Shao in the second year of Jian 'an, only the first anniversary, and many people had ideas. The following year, there was a famine in western Zhejiang, and Song Ci was sent to North Korea. He sighed, "I was forced to live in a huge room, first to avoid taxes, and finally closed it and invited welfare." I thought this was his plan. So the economic law was implemented, and he suggested that the local residents should be divided into five classes according to the rich and the poor. Half of the food stored by the richest people in these five households is donated and the other half is sold at official prices; Rich Americans only sell grain reserves and don't donate them; Medium-sized Tang is not for sale or donation; According to the number of poor people's needs, the government provides half of the relief and buys half by itself; The destitute receive full relief and tax relief. The imperial court adopted Song Ci's suggestion from the United States and issued laws, but the rich did not dare to disobey their orders, thus making the people and the poor spend the famine year. This was highly praised by Li Zong, shared the worries of China and the Foreign Minister, and was awarded the title of North Korean doctor. After Song Taizu's death, Li Zong, in recognition of his achievements, prayed for his father at the tomb of Song Ci and paid tribute to his outstanding life. During his more than 20 years as an official, he worked hard to govern the country with the prudent spirit of Neo-Confucianism, and achieved remarkable results, which was deeply loved by the people. With the belief that things are more important than life, he always puts life first when sentencing, and he is serious about the trial of prison cases and dare not take it lightly. If officials are found to be treacherous, they should be refuted urgently. If the question is still unresolved, you must think it over and over again and never put it into action. In Congo, the investigation was thorough, the hearing was clear, the decision was decisive, the violence was retaliated and suppressed, and he was not afraid of power, so he accumulated rich experience in investigation. Although there is not much information about what Song Ciren did in the royal canon and secret political classics, his dedication to autopsy is still recorded sporadically. 1239, Song Ci, aged 53, served as Guangdong prison. Before that, officials there did nothing and accumulated a large number of prison cases. As soon as he arrived, he began to deal with a large number of unsolved cases and backlog cases, investigate the scene and verify the materials. According to historical records, he signed the treaty, set the date, read the treaty in August and made more than 200 decisions. Song Ci handled the case seriously, enforced the law like a mountain, was not afraid of power and was decisive. During the next eight months' inspection, he executed a number of prisoners, cleared up a number of unjust prisons, solved a large number of outstanding cases and accumulated cases, and ruthlessly punished some grass-roots law enforcement wardens who accepted bribes. His deeds of rehabilitating violence won a good reputation among the people, and the masses praised him as an honest official. From then on, he became famous. People say that he put American life first, listened to the case clearly, and then made a decision on Congo. His reputation is on par with that of Xin and Wang Ergong. 1240, in the fourth year of Qing dynasty, Jia was transferred to Zhaidian prison in Jiangxi province. He is responsible to the people of Jiangxi and severely cracks down on illegal activities.

Careful practice made him realize that the loss of prison situation was greater than the original difference; The mistakes in the test were all due to our inexperience, so we collected and corrected several books, such as Piling Record and Book Record. These are handed down in modern times, and with our own practical experience, when 1247 was appointed as Hunan prison, we completed the compilation of the guide to escaped turtles and published the Hunan Provincial Examination of the US Constitution. Once published, this book became a must-have book for prison officials at that time and later. Almost regarded as the golden rule, its authority even exceeds the relevant laws promulgated by the feudal court. On June 8th, Song Ci was appointed as the Bachelor of Mo Bao Pavilion. He was ordered to patrol the fourth road and take over the prison. The lawsuit is clear and the judgment is decisive. The following year, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree. In 2003, he obtained a bachelor's degree from Huan Zhangge and was known as the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. One day, he suddenly felt dizzy and still attended the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius. I can. I can't afford it from now on. On the seventh day of March of the same year, he died at the official residence in Guangzhou at the age of 64. On July 15th of the following year, he was buried in Changmao Village, Songjiazu House, Jianyang County, Chongluoli. The life of Song Ci is not recorded in the Collection of Complaints, but comes from the epitaph of Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. When Liu Kezhuang lived in Jianyang's hometown, he forged a deep friendship with Song Ci because of his filial piety. Thirty years later, after hearing the news of the death of Song Ci, Liu Kezhuang was very sad and wrote a History of Song Dynasty for him. The epitaph praised his four ways of being an envoy, all of which were responsible for affairs, clear in hearing cases, making decisions on Congo, kind and kind, proud and slippery, belonging to officials in the Ministry and even the poor in the deep mountains and valleys. If there is a song of punishment in front of him. Song Ci is the pioneer of forensic medicine in China. He tried his best to solve the case, synthesized, verified and refined the works about corpse examination handed down at that time, and combined his own experience to write the Epitaph of Song Jinglve. This is the first monograph on forensic medicine in the history of the world, and Song Ci is recognized as the originator of forensic medicine. It is the masterpiece of Song Ci, and it is also the experience of his previous inspection of the appearance of the corpse. He believes that the loss of prison conditions is mostly due to the differences at the beginning and the mistakes in fixed tests. Therefore, people have made a lot of observation and induction on the phenomena after death. Many of these conclusions are in line with the principles of modern forensic medicine. The author points out that the confession is not credible, and the complaint must be investigated in detail and must be true. In particular, difficult cases must be visited by many parties and the participants must be unified. Never rely on one or two people to believe its views. He also put forward the principle that inspectors must go to the scene and fill out the corpse inspection in person. The earliest extant edition is Yuan Dynasty block-printed Rehabilitation Collection. From the beginning of the content to the end of the certificate examination, the book is divided into five volumes, 13, with 70,000 words, mainly including the work norms of prosecutors; Symptoms and examination of corpse injury; Emergency measures; All kinds of mechanical asphyxia; All kinds of blunt trauma; All kinds of sharp injuries; Traffic accident injury; Death by high temperature; Heatstroke; Death, disease and death, etc. Involving internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and other fields. The scope is roughly the same as that of modern forensic medicine. In the year of collecting and recording grievances, Song Ci showed us the wisdom of ancestors and wonderful forensic knowledge. In Stephen Chow's classic collection of rehabilitation, there is a scene that is bloody and disloyal. The collection of punishing unjust, false and misjudged cases in Song Dynasty recorded the blood drop method as a method to determine the parental rights of immediate family members. That is, the blood of parents and children will be mixed together, depending on whether they can be combined to identify whether there is a blood relationship. Or drop the child's blood on the bone. If it is biological, blood will enter the bones. If it isn't, it won't. The actual effect of this method is not true, because although the blood types of American children are influenced by their parents, they are not all the same. But this

Some criminal cases and testing methods were recorded in 2000. Although some people know why, it was really a very effective test method at that time, which was amazing. There is a story about drying a sickle in the book. A man was killed and suffered more than ten injuries, all caused by sickles. The inspector found the property intact and all the clothes were there, and concluded that it was a vendetta. After investigation and visit, the prosecutor locked the suspect. He asked nearby residents to hand over all their sickles and put them on the ground, totaling 70 or 80 sickles. It was midsummer, and flies gathered on one of the sickles, unable to stay. The inspector found the owner of the sickle. The inspector said that flies are bloodthirsty, and the bloody smell of this sickle still exists after killing people, causing flies to gather, while other sickles do not. It can be inferred that the owner of this sickle has killed someone. In front of the evidence, the murderer bowed his head and confessed. It also records the method of steaming bone to check the injury. Wash a bone, tie it with fine hemp rope and put it on the bamboo mat in order. Dig a cellar 5 feet long, 3 feet wide and 2 feet deep. Heap firewood inside, burn the cellar wall red, remove the charcoal fire, pour two liters of good wine and five liters of sour vinegar, take the rising heat from the cellar, put the bones in the cellar, cover them with straw mats, take them out about an hour later, put them in a bright place, open the red oil umbrella to the sun, and examine the bones. When the bone is broken, the bone is broken. If there are traces of bones in the sun, red is clearly marked before death. If there is no blood shadow on the bone, the trace will be broken, which is the trace after death. The cause of death of the deceased was shown under the umbrella of red oil. Modern science has proved that the red oil umbrella absorbed part of the sunlight and made the prosecutor at that time see what he wanted to see. It is one of the best cultural heritages in the history of forensic medicine in China and even in the world. 147, when the western society was still in the darkness of the Middle Ages, China published the world's first collection of forensic medicine monographs. More than Italy's Tunato? The Nine Grades of Sesame Officials written by Fidel has been translated into Korean, Japanese, English, French, German, Russian and other languages since 350 years ago. So far, it still has considerable guiding role and practical value, and many countries are still studying it. Its far-reaching influence has left a glorious page in the history of Chinese and foreign medicine, forensic medicine and science and technology. Among them, the scientific spirit of seeking truth without listening to words is still shining and worth carrying forward. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the deeds and life experiences of Song Ci gradually blurred. However, the collection of grievances will always remind people that there was a conscientious torturer in the Song Dynasty and a rational era in history that emphasized evidence. Humanistic songs are highly praised by the world. Song Ci also became the Sherlock Holmes of China thought in people's minds.