Notes on Wang Defeng's Introduction to Philosophy

Our minds are infinite, and people with normal intelligence should be able to understand any knowledge with their own minds. If a theory is written in an incomprehensible way, it means that there is something wrong with the author's own expression, or that he does not understand it thoroughly. Wang Defeng's thoroughly written Introduction to Philosophy is a book that inspires people and increases their wisdom. In my opinion, the most fundamental idea of this book should be "human nature", what is the most fundamental thing to be a man, and the answer of this book is the introspection of spirit and consciousness and the awakening of "I"; People should follow this idea, not be alienated, which is a kind of self-destruction. For the infinite mind, the limited reality is too small, and people should pay attention to some metaphysical things.

People should take time out to read such books carefully, not just know leisure. The following are excerpts from classic books, which I have to choose:

The possibility of truth depends on people's subjective thinking; Truth lies in people's hearts. Truth is the reason why human beings think about themselves, and the progress of those who strive to know the truth will lead to the perfection of the world; The world should be transformed to meet people's wishes.

Reason endows human knowledge with the supremacy beyond feeling.

Hume problem: logic can't prove facts.

Kant: An object or thing is created by the mind. As soon as we talk about things, we believe that they exist independently of us. But independent things are not things, but things. Therefore, the creation of the mind is not to create material, but to create an experience object that can enter our language and thinking.

Although the essence of spirit is rationality, it is rational self-knowledge. Therefore, the spirit is such an existence: if you don't know yourself, you can't exist. Understanding artificial intelligence from the spiritual essence, if artificial intelligence can awaken itself, that is, realize the existence of "I", then it is not essentially different from human beings. If reason only exists in its logical form, it is still a comfortable thing; Only when it becomes self-conscious, it is self-sustaining and therefore spiritual.

It is Hegel's rational self-knowledge to make other things at ease become spiritual to me. Spirit exists in this self-knowledge.

Spirit must develop itself in self-contradictory activities, which is the inevitability of spirit, that is, his dialectics.

History is a stage where countless individuals take actions to realize their wishes. On the stage of history, what we actually see is the struggle of interests, the conflict of desires and the contest of will.

All true history is contemporary history. -Italian philosopher Croce

Heidegger: Grasping existence with reason is actually forgetting existence.

If, in the final analysis, all people's cultural undertakings and the civilized values they create are at the expense of people's forgetting of existence, or in other words, people's materialization and objectification of human existence, then all cultural achievements will eventually come to nothingness. If we try to devote ourselves to rational and objective knowledge and try to realize the generation of people's whereabouts, then we are just on the opposite path. In this case, we are in danger of being regarded as the heartless object of objective knowledge, and as the foundation of human existence, we may be eradicated. (Artificial intelligence is rational objective knowledge. If people want to develop in the direction of artificial intelligence, people now may become the objects to be processed. )

Philosophy is in the middle of the contemporary era, which attracts all the minds and hearts that are thinking about and caring about the future and destiny of mankind.