General Fei's deeds

In BC 129, the Huns invaded Shanggu (the place where they are now located in the southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent four generals, Wei Qing, Gongsun Ao, Gongsun He and Li Guang, to attack separately.

Of the four generals, Li Guang is the oldest and most qualified. Li Guang became a general when he became emperor of China; When Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, together with Zhou Yafu, he put down the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms and made great contributions. Later, Emperor Han Jing sent him to be the magistrate of Shang Jun (now southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi).

On one occasion, when the Huns entered Shang Jun, Li Guang took a hundred cavalry to catch up with three Xiongnu shooters and chased them for dozens of miles. He shot and killed two of them and captured the third one alive. When he was about to return to the camp, he saw thousands of Takan people coming from afar.

Li Guang's soldiers suddenly met so many Xiongnu soldiers that they all panicked. Li Guang said to them, "We are still dozens of miles away from the camp. If we run back now and the Xiongnu soldiers catch up, we will be finished. Why don't we stop? Xiongnu soldiers thought we were here to lure the enemy and dared not attack us. "

Then, Li Guang ordered to move forward, stopped only two miles away from the Xiongnu position, and ordered the soldiers to dismount together, unload all the saddles and rest on the spot.

The soldiers were all anxious and said, "There are so many Huns and horses, and they are so close. What if they call? "

Li Guang said: "By doing this, we just don't leave and let the enemy believe that we are deceiving them."

Xiongnu generals were really scared when they saw Li Guang's arrangement. They watched the movement of the Han army from a distance and dared not come up.

At this time, there was a general riding a white horse on the Xiongnu position, who came out to review the team. Li Guang suddenly turned his horse's head, with a dozen cavalry, sped by and killed him with an arrow. Then return to your team, dismount and lie on the ground to rest.

Xiongnu soldiers became more and more suspicious. When it got dark, they decided that there must be an ambush in the Han army, and they all fled back overnight, fearing that the Han army would sneak attack in the middle of the night. At dawn, Li Guang saw that there were no Xiongnu soldiers on the mountain, so he returned to camp safely with more than 100 cavalry. On one occasion, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent four armies to resist the Huns. Hun army minister Khan found out the situation of Han soldiers. Knowing that Li Guang was the most difficult of the four famous soldiers, he concentrated most of his troops in Yanmen, laid an ambush along the road and ordered his men to capture Li Guang alive. Huns are outnumbered. After a fierce battle, Li Guang's troops were scattered, and Li Guang himself was injured and captured by Xiongnu soldiers.

Xiongnu soldiers saw that Li Guang was seriously injured, so they put him in a hammock made of rope, carried him with two horses, and sent him to Khan's camp.

Li Guang lay motionless in the hammock as if he were really dead. After walking for about ten miles, he sneaked a glimpse of a good horse rode by a Xiongnu soldier, struggled desperately, jumped on the horse, grabbed the bow and arrow, pushed the Xiongnu soldier off his horse, turned his horse's head and ran desperately south.

The Huns sent hundreds of cavalry after them. Li Guang tried to clamp the horse's stomach and urge it to run. At the same time, he turned around, drew his bow and arrow, and shot several Xiongnu soldiers chasing ahead in a row. Xiongnu soldiers couldn't catch up with Li Guang, so they had to stare at him and let him run away.

Li Guang is out of danger. But he was sentenced to death because he lost his troops. There is a rule in the Han dynasty that sinners can take money to atone. Li Guang paid a sum of money, finally redeemed his sin and went home to be a civilian.

Soon, the Huns harassed the border again, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used Li Guang as the magistrate of Right Beiping (county name, southwest of Lingyuan, Liaoning).

Li Guang defended in the north for many years. Because Li Guang is quick, good at archery, and can come and go freely, people can't figure out his way. So the Huns nicknamed him "General Fei". Li Guang became the right satrap of Beiping, but the Huns were afraid of flying generals and did not dare to invade. No Xiongnu soldiers invaded the right Beiping area, but tigers often came out to hurt people. As long as Li Guang hears about tigers, he always does it himself. He was shot when the tiger met him.

It is said that once, Li Guang came back late and the sky was hazy. While walking with his entourage, he was on the lookout for tigers when he suddenly saw a colorful tiger crouching in the grass at the foot of the mountain in front of him. He quickly picked up his bow and arrow and shot it with all his strength. With his archery, he hit it naturally.

His soldiers saw that he killed the tiger, so they ran up to catch it with knives and guns. They were all stunned when they approached. It turned out that the arrow was not a tiger, but a big stone. The arrow was so deep that several people could not pull it out even if they wanted to. Everyone is really surprised and envious.

Li Guang used to wonder when he looked at it. How could a stone get in? He went back to his original place and shot several arrows at the stone. When the arrow hits the stone, it only sparks, but it can't go in any more. However, it is said that it is with this arrow that Li Guang, the flying general, can shoot through the stone.

Li Guang spent most of his life fighting the Huns. He fought for more than 70 times, and because of his bravery, he became a terrible enemy in the eyes of Xiongnu nobles. But Li Guang often suffered unexpected setbacks in his life's battles. But two newly promoted young generals, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, made outstanding achievements in the war against Xiongnu. In the 14th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 166), the Huns invaded the border areas on a large scale, and Li Guang took his noble children to fight against the Huns. Being good at using arrows, he killed and captured many enemies and was promoted to doctor and knight to guard the emperor. Many times, he followed Deng Wendi to shoot wild animals. Wendi once lamented: "It's a pity that my son is not in time! If your son becomes a high emperor, how can he be full of feet? " (Biography of Historical Records and Li Lie)

After Han Jing acceded to the throne, Li Guang became a captain in Longxi, and soon he was promoted to cavalry commander. When there was a rebellion between the G-7 and the G-7, Qiu Li followed Qiu Zhou Yafu in fighting the insurgents. He made great contributions and made a name for himself at the gates of Changyi because he captured the rebel flag. Although he made meritorious service, Li Guang accepted the general print privately awarded to him by Liang Wang. After returning to North Korea, he was not raised.

After the rebellion of kings was put down, Li Guang was appointed as the Governor of Shanggu, and the Xiongnu was at war with Israel. Gong Sunkun, a classical country, wrote an evil letter: "Li Guang is brilliant, boastful of traveling westward, and afraid of death and fighting the enemy." (Biography of Historical Records and Li Lie) So he was appointed as the county magistrate. Later, Li Guang worked as a satrap in Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Dai Jun and Yun Yun, and was famous for his ability to fight tough battles.

When the Huns invaded Shang Jun (now Fort Yu He, southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi Province), Jingdi sent a favorite eunuch to train troops against the Huns with Li Guang. Once the eunuch went out hunting with dozens of cavalry, and three Xiongnu knights in Lu Yu fought with them. As a result, the Xiongnu shot and killed all the guards and wounded the eunuch, who hurriedly fled back to report to Li Guang. Li Guang decided that the three men were Xiongnu archers, so he led hundreds of cavalry to pursue the three Xiongnu archers.

Xiongnu archers walked without horses and were caught up after dozens of miles. Li Guang ordered the cavalry to spread their wings and shot two Xiongnu archers himself, but one of them was captured alive. As soon as the prisoners were tied to their horses and headed back, thousands of tarkan arrived. When they saw Li Guang's army, they thought it was the suspected soldiers of the Han army who lured the enemy. They were all surprised and immediately went up the hill to take their positions. Li Guang's one hundred cavalry, also very afraid, all want to turn the horse's head and run back. Li Guang said, "I've been in the army for dozens of miles, and now I'm riding more than a hundred horses, and the Huns are chasing me to the end. If I stay today, the Huns will take me as the lure of their great army and dare not attack me. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Li Guang ordered all cavalry to move forward until they were less than two miles away from the Xiongnu position. Li Guang ordered again: "Everybody dismount and untie the saddle!" (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) His cavalry said, "Being close to the enemy is urgent. What can you do? " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Li Guang said: "Petrou takes me as the way, and now he unties his saddle to show that he can't go and stick to his will." (Biography of General Lee in Historical Records) tarquin really dared not attack. Then a Hun general on a white horse came out to protect his soldiers. Li Guang mounted his horse, took a dozen cavalry, shot General White Horse, then returned to his team and unloaded his saddle. He told the soldiers to let go of their horses and sleep on the ground. At this time, it was getting late, and Xiongnu soldiers always thought it was suspicious and dared not attack. In the middle of the night, the Huns thought that the Han army had an ambush nearby, and they wanted to sneak attack at night, so they led the troops away. Early the next morning, Li Guang returned to the army. But "the army doesn't know about it, so it follows." As a leader, it is not advisable to rush after the troops without telling them.

In 140 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, and all the ministers thought that Li Guang was a brave general, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Li as the guardian of Weiyang Palace. At this time, Cheng Wu was also appointed as the escort of Changle Palace. They used to command the army as the prefect of the border county, but their methods of leading troops were completely different. Cheng doesn't know: "Although it is extremely simple, you can't help but commit it." And his foot soldiers were happy, and Yue Xian died for it. Although our army is annoyed, don't offend me. "Soldiers self-help, not night patrol self-defense, but if the huns attack, the army can't resist. Cheng is famous for his strict management of the army. He pays attention to the establishment, queue and formation of troops. Patrol in Diao Dou at night, the military affairs are complicated, but they are not afraid of the invasion of Xiongnu. However, the soldiers suffered from Cheng's ignorance, and they all liked to fight with Li Guang. This is Cheng's euphemistic criticism of his old comrade-in-arms Li Guangming. When Cheng didn't know Jingdi, he was appointed as a doctor of Taizhong several times. He is clean and honest, and he is willing to learn grammar.

In the third year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (133 BC), the Han Dynasty used Mayi City (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province) to lure Huns into the fortress. Can make an army ambush in the nearby valley, make Li Guang as a general, general escort led the troops. Khan found this situation and led his troops away.

Four years later, Li Guang led the army out of Yanmenguan and was surrounded by the multiplied Xiongnu army. Li Guang was injured and captured because he was outnumbered. Xiongnu Khan admired Li Guang's reputation for a long time, and ordered his men: "Those who get Li Guang get it" (Biography of General Li in Historical Records). Tarquin put Li Guang, who was injured and ill at that time, between two horses and let him lie in a net bag made of rope. After walking more than ten miles, Li Guang pretended to be dead. He narrowed his eyes and saw a Xiongnu boy riding a good horse beside him. Li Guang suddenly jumped on the horse of Xiongnu boy, pushed the boy off the horse, took off his bow and arrow, and rode south with a whip. Hundreds of people in tarquin followed. Li Guangbian ran and shot at the pursuer, and finally escaped, collected the rest and returned to Beijing. Li Guang was handed over to the judge by the Han court, and the judge sentenced Li Guang troops to heavy casualties. Be captured alive by Huns, beheaded, and then atone with money and become a civilian. This is why Huns called him "General Fei".

During his stay at home, Li Guang often went hunting in Nanshan, Lantian with Ying Zheng Hou Guanying's grandson. One night I rode out with a follower and drank with others in the country. Passing Baling Pavilion on the way back, the commander of Baling Pavilion was drunk and reprimanded Li Guang for not letting him pass. Li Guang's partner said, "This is the former general Li." Ting Wei said, "Even the current general can't spend the night, let alone the former general!" So they detained Li Guang and others and stayed under Baling Pavilion. Soon, Xiongnu attacked western Liaoning and defeated Han Anguo's army. So the emperor called Li Guang the prefect of Right Beiping. Li Guang immediately requested Emperor Wudi to send Baling Tingwei to go with him. In the army, Li Guang killed Tingwei, and then wrote to the emperor to apologize. The emperor reported, "General, he is a pawn of the country." Sima Fa said: When you get on the bus, don't touch the crossbar in front of the car, treat people with courtesy. In case of funeral, don't wear the prescribed mourning clothes according to the relationship between relatives and friends. When going out to fight, we must command the hearts of the three armed forces and cooperate with the soldiers. Only in this way can you not be intimidated by anger and everything will be obedient. That's because your reputation is exposed to foreigners, and your strength scares your neighbors. Revenge is my expectation for the general. If you kowtow and confess, is that what I expected? "The emperor didn't seem to blame Li Guang, but appreciated his practice. But this incident also reflects the narrowness of Li Guang's mind from one side.

After Li Guang was appointed as the magistrate of Right Beiping, the Huns were afraid and avoided it. They dared not invade Right Beiping for several years.

Li Guang went hunting and saw a stone in the grass. He thought it was a tiger, so he shot it with his bow and hit the whole arrow with his arrow. Look carefully, it turned out to be a stone. Shoot again and you'll never get in. As soon as Li Guang heard of a tiger, he often killed it himself. When he was in Beiping, he hit a tiger. The evil tiger jumped on Li Guang, and Li Guang hit the tiger with injuries.

In order to be honest, Li Guang often gave his reward to his subordinates and ate and drank with the soldiers. He has been an official for more than 40 years, with a salary of 2000 stone, and there is not much extra property at home. He never talks about buyers' products and is deeply loved by officers and men. Li Guang is tall, with ape-like arms and a talent for shooting. His descendants and others, Li Guang, learned archery, but they were not as good as Li Guang. Li Guang is not good at words. When he lived in seclusion with others, he enjoyed archery and gambling on wine. He used archery as a pastime all his life. Li Guang loves soldiers like children, and he can take the lead in everything. When marching without water and food, the soldier doesn't drink all the water, and he doesn't go near the water. The soldiers didn't eat them all. He doesn't eat. It is not difficult for a soldier to be lenient and make him willing to do his best for him. When Li Guang shot the enemy, he asked himself not to make mistakes in archery, so he missed within dozens of steps. Often the enemy dies as soon as the arrow leaves the string. As a result, he was chased by the enemy many times, and he was injured several times when shooting wild animals because he was too close, but Li Guang was never afraid.

Soon, Shi Jian died and Li Guang was appointed as a doctor. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Li Guang became a post-general again, followed the army of General Wei Qing, and made Dingxiang attack the Huns. Most of the generals were blocked because of the meritorious military service, but Li Guangjun failed.

In BC 12 1 year, Li Guang, as a doctor, led 4000 cavalry from Peiping (right) and went to Xiongnu with Zhang Qian's troops. Li Guang's troops marched hundreds of miles, and were suddenly surrounded by forty thousand cavalry led by Xiongnu Zuo. The soldiers in Li Guang were very afraid, so Li Guang sent his son Li Ganxian to explore the enemy. Li Gan led dozens of cavalry, rushed into the enemy lines, broke into the Xiongnu encirclement, copied out the enemy's wings and returned. After returning, he reported to Li Guang: "Xiongnu soldiers are easy to deal with." Li Guang's sergeant listened to this before settling down. Li Guang lined up in a circle, facing the enemies around. Xiongnu stormed the Han army, and the arrows rained down. More than half of the Han soldiers were killed and wounded, and the arrows were almost shot out. Li Guang ordered the soldiers to draw their bows and not to fire. He shot several Xiongnu Bi (deputy) generals with a strong crossbow "rhubarb", and the Xiongnu soldiers were greatly frightened and gradually dispersed. At this time, it was getting late, and the officers and men of the Han Dynasty were all pale with fear, but Li Guang felt at ease and devoted himself more to rectifying the army. From then on, all officers and men in the army admired Li Guang's courage. The next day, he fought with the enemy soldiers again. At this time, Zhang Qian's reinforcements arrived at Bowanghou and solved the siege of Xiongnu. Li Guang's army was almost wiped out, and Li Guang's merits and demerits were offset, and he was not rewarded. Bo Wanghou Zhang Qian delayed his trip and was beheaded. Later, he made atonement with money and became a civilian.

Li Guang fought against the Huns for more than forty years, but he never got the title of Hou. In those years, Cai Li, his cousin as a doctor, was not as good as him in character and reputation, but he was awarded this title again and again. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, he was a general, and he did not arrive without pomp, and later he was named Hou Le 'an. In the second year of Yuanshou, Gong Sunhong was the prime minister. Many of Li Guang's men were also named Hou, but Li Guang didn't get a title and his official position didn't exceed nine. Li Guang once talked to Wang Shuo, a fortune teller, and said, "If you attack the Huns, you are not one of them. However, if you are below a captain, you are not as good as a middleman. However, if you attack Hu Jun, you will get dozens of people, but you will not be descendants. But without size, you can't seize the city. " Do I think evil is wrong? Change your life? "("Historical Records Biography of General Li ") Wang Shuo said:" Did the general ever think about what he regretted? Li Guang thought for a moment and said, "When I was the prefect of Longxi, the Qiang people rebelled. I lured them and killed them. The biggest regret so far is only this. Wang Shuo said: "There is no greater crime than killing a fallen person. So it can't be sealed. "

In the fourth year of Yuanshou (before 1 19), General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing went deep into Mobei to fight against Xiongnu. Li Guang repeatedly asked to go out with the army, but Emperor Wu thought he was too old to use it. It was not until Yuan Shou was six years old that he was appointed as a former general to fight Wei Qing. When Wei Qing learned that Khan was stationed in the fortress, Wei Qing decided to attack Khan with his elite troops and his friend Gongsun Ao, who had just lost his post, hoping to make contributions. Li Guang, a former general, and Zhao, a right general, attacked from East Road. The east road is circuitous and far away, and there are few aquatic plants, which is not conducive to marching. Li Guang personally asked to be a pioneer, saying, "My minister was a former general, and now the general wants to move my minister out of the host, and my minister is fighting against the Huns. Now it is a proper Khan, and I am willing to take the lead, so I will die Khan first. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) However, Wei Qing was secretly instructed by Emperor Wu, and Li Guang was too old and unlucky to confront Khan. Li Guang resolutely refused to transfer. Wei Qing refused to accept his request, ordered Chang Shi to write down a document and told Li Guang to go to his unit and do as the document said. Li Guang left without saying goodbye and went back to camp in great anger. He led the troops to meet the right general and set out from the east road. Without a guide, the troops lost their way and fell behind the general, delaying the agreed military deadline. In the battle of Mobei, Li did not arrive during the war. "Seeing Khan waiting for Chen", Wei Qing made a decisive decision, creatively used the new tactics of riding, shooting and riding, and ordered the troops to take Wugang car as the camp to prevent tarquin from suddenly attacking, so that 5,000 cavalry attacked the Huns. A slanting Khan went to war with 10 thousand riding. In this campaign, the Han army pursued more than 200 Li, and captured and beheaded the enemy 1.9 million people. However, Zhiyi tends to "regard Ma Shangqiang, the generalist of the Han army, as the disadvantage of the Huns", so he took advantage of the night arrival, rode a horse that was good at running, and led hundreds of strong men deus ex to flee to the northwest.

Li Hou, Wei Qing sent a long history with dry food and wine to see Li Guang, asking about the loss of Li Guang. Li Guang didn't answer, Wei Qing sent a long history to urge Li Guang shogunate staff to wait for interrogation. Li Guang said: "The commander is innocent, but I lost my way. I am in the book now. " (Biography of Historical Records and Li Lie)

Li Guang returned to the army and said to his men, "Guangjie fought more than 70 battles with Xiongnu, big and small. Fortunately, he took over the general's class. The general fought widely and returned to the far side, but he lost his way. It's just one day! Moreover, he is over sixty years old and can't get his sword and pen back. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Then he drew his sword and committed suicide. Li Guang's army of scholar-officials cried. When people heard about it, whether they knew him or not, whether they were old or young, they all shed tears. A generation of famous soldiers, thus fell.

Li Guangyou had three sons, the eldest son Li Danghu died young and posthumous title Li Ling. Dai Jun satrap's second son, Li Jiao, also died before Li Guang. Li Gan, the youngest son, often goes to war with the army. When Li Guang died, Li Gan was following General Huo Qubing. The year after Li Guang's death, Cai Li committed suicide. As a captain, Li Gan followed Huo Qubing to attack Zuo, fought vigorously, captured Zuo and beheaded many people. Give the official Hou, food city two hundred households, instead of Li Guang as a doctor. Soon, Wei Qing was injured despite the death of his father Li Guangzhi, but Wei Qing kept silent. Later, Li Gan went hunting in Ganquan Palace and was shot by the ancient general Huo Qubing. At that time, Huo Qubing was being favored by Emperor Wu, who advocated that "a deer would die if it touched it" (Biography of Su Jian in Han Shu and Li Guang).