Who knows the common saying of customs?

First, life customs

Clothing: In the late Qing Dynasty, farmers tried to sew casual clothes by hand, mostly using coarse cloth (homespun) as clothing material. Single coat: men wear short coats with offset or double-breasted buttons, big waist and wide crotch pants, and the clothes are mainly white and blue. The cardigan worn by women is slightly longer than that of men, and the style of trousers is the same as that of men. Cotton-padded clothes: Most people wear cotton-padded jackets and trousers. The styles of cotton-padded clothes for men and women are the same, mainly blue and black. Adult men usually wear a large cloth belt (five feet long) to tie their waists in winter. Those who wear long gowns and robes can lift their right lapels and put them in the big belt at their left waist, which is convenient for walking and working. Both men and women have the habit of tying their trouser legs with belts (commonly known as tying their legs), and children often wear home textiles, home dyes and striped and plaid clothes for home textiles.

Teachers, doctors, businessmen, etc. In winter, you don't need to wear a big cloth belt to tie your waist. Most gentry and rich people make clothes out of silks and satins. Men wear robes and mandarin jackets in spring and autumn, and they wear robes and mandarin jackets in winter, and they don't need big belts to tie their waists.

Children wear open-backed pants, mostly red cloth embroidered with flowers and animals. Lovely children often wear pants with two legs of different colors (commonly known as mandarin duck pants). In winter, children wear cat's hoof cotton trousers (legs are slightly longer and cotton socks are worn on their legs). Babies wear earth pants (tight crotch shorts made of cloth, and then tie their legs with cloth belts and fill them with appropriate amount of sand).

During the Republic of China, people's clothes did not change much. There are not a few people wearing Chinese tunic suits and suits in towns. A few school students wear uniforms, middle school students wear uniforms, and primary school students wear boys' uniforms.

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, after the land reform, farmers' lives were improved, and more and more people wore fine cloth (commonly known as foreign cloth). Middle-aged and elderly people still wear old-fashioned casual clothes, government officials, workers, doctors, teachers, students and teen pop uniforms, such as tunic suit, Lenin suit, youth suit, student suit and work clothes. Clothing colors are mainly blue, white, gray and black. There are fewer and fewer people wearing robes. During the Cultural Revolution, there was an upsurge of green clothes among teenagers. After 1978, people's clothing styles, materials and colors have changed greatly, and there is little difference between urban and rural areas. People wear uniforms, such as tunic suit, Lenin suit, youth suit, student suit, work clothes, suits, sportswear, zippered shirts, jackets and so on. Suits and ties are popular among young people, trousers skirts are popular among young women in summer (not many in rural areas), tweed coats and down jackets are more and more in winter, and a few old people in rural areas wear old-fashioned casual clothes. Clothing materials are mostly chemical fiber cloth, blended cloth, followed by woolen cloth, and cotton-padded jacket is rarely worn. Clothing colors are becoming more and more diverse, including red, yellow, blue, white, black, gray, green and various stripes, squares, printed cloth and so on.

Today, it has become out of date for babies to wear earth pants. Children still have the habit of wearing red cloth Chinese-style chest covering, mandarin duck trousers and cat's hoof cotton trousers.

Hats During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, peasant men generally wore knitted monkey head hats (also called tiger head hats), felt hat mats, straw hats (made of wheat oranges or reeds) and hats worn in hot weather. In winter, women often wear twist headscarves made of earth-spun, earth-dyed and earth-woven, and elderly women wear two tiles. Six melon fur hats (also called hat mats) with red bumps on the tiles prevailed among Confucian family men in the Qing Dynasty, and felt hats were worn in the Republic of China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, uniform hats became popular among men, and fewer and fewer people wore felt mats and monkey head hats. In winter, they wear navy velvet hats (commonly known as motorcycle hats). Women often wrap their heads in square towels and scarves, and the colors vary according to their age. After 1978, the cap became popular among men, and the wool knitted hat gradually rose among middle-aged and elderly women in winter.

Hairstyles Before the Qing Dynasty, men all had full hair. After the Qing army entered the customs, it changed to shave around the bald head, with long hair on the top of the head and a braid hanging down the back of the head. After the Revolution of 1911, fewer and fewer men wore hair and braids, most of them shaved their heads, and a few rich children wore short hair (commonly known as foreign heads). Before and after the Republic of China, women had long hair, unmarried women wore a braid hanging down their backs, and married women tied a bun (commonly known as braided hair) at the back of their heads. During the Republic of China, female students cut their hair (commonly known as half hair, which grew to the neck).

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, short hair became popular among men, and only the elderly shaved their heads. Haircuts are very popular among women, and a few young women have long hair and double braids. Most elderly women still wear their hair in a bun. After 1978, many young men and women pay attention to the beauty of their hair and have been perming it.

In the old shoe society, women mostly bind their feet and wear pointed cloth shoes, mainly blue and black. Rich young women wear embroidered shoes, while old women wear overshoes (a pair of soft-soled shoes and a pair of shoes). Men wear round shoes, mainly in blue and black. Farmers generally can't afford rubber shoes, and wear oily shoes in rainy days. In winter, people wear cotton shoes, or "wool nests" made of reed tassels and hemp. Men wear wool nests with high wooden bottoms, which are both rain-proof and warm, but they are heavier.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the styles and colors of men's and women's shoes have changed greatly, from handmade shoes to gradually popularized machine-made shoes, sports shoes, rubber-soled shoes, suede shoes, leather shoes, plastic sandals, plastic shoes, leather sandals, travel shoes, leather cotton shoes, rain boots and so on. , fashionable and colorful. After 1978, middle-heeled shoes were popular among young and middle-aged men, and high heels were popular among young women. Until now, many people still wear wool nests with high wooden bottoms in winter.

In the early years of the Republic of China and before, people mostly wore hand-sewn cloth socks, mostly white for men and blue and black for women. Then, gradually put on cotton socks (commonly known as foreign socks). After the soles of socks are worn out, put on cloth soles and continue to wear them. In the late 1970s, there were fewer cotton socks and more chemical fiber socks.

The food in this county is mainly pasta. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers ate wheat flour when harvesting wheat, and sorghum, soybean, millet, corn and other miscellaneous grains flour mixed with red taro and bran vegetables when harvesting autumn grain. Except for receiving visitors on holidays, we seldom eat wheat flour at ordinary times, and few rich people eat wheat flour all the year round. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's lives have been continuously improved. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the rural areas implemented the contract responsibility system of joint production, and farmers began to get rich. Basically, they eat wheat flour all year round, and few people eat miscellaneous grains.

There are many kinds of food, such as steamed bread, flower rolls, steamed buns, pot stickers, thick steamed buns (also called Kang steamed buns), boiled buns, sugar buns, vegetable buns, oil cakes and so on. People in this county are used to eating steamed bread made of dough, especially boiled steamed bread. The method of making steamed stuffed buns is to roll the mixed noodles (dead noodles) into round steamed stuffed buns (more than one foot in diameter) as thin as thick paper, and then cook them on a hot hammer. In the past, sesame seeds were often mixed into noodles to make boiled buns, which were then cooked on the kang and served as snacks for children. There are porridge, salty soup, noodles, jiaozi, rice and so on. Usually porridge, noodles and salty soup are the main ingredients. Locals are used to eating white noodles, that is, noodles without oil, salt and vegetables.

The meat in the dishes is mainly pork, sheep, cattle, chicken, duck, goose, fish and so on. Hui people avoid eating pork. Eggs include chicken, duck and goose eggs. Eggs are mostly used for cooking and soup, while duck eggs and goose eggs are mostly salted eggs. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers seldom ate meat and eggs, and some did not eat them during the Chinese New Year holidays. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the average annual number of meat-eating eggs has gradually increased. After 1978, farmers gradually became rich, the demand for meat and eggs further increased, the market supply was sufficient, and the purchase and sale were booming. Vegetables include Chinese cabbage, spinach and garlic seedlings in spring, cucumber, eggplant, leek, celery, green pepper, tomato and beans in summer. In autumn, there are radish, wax gourd, pumpkin, bamboo shoots, potatoes, cauliflower, lotus root and so on. In winter, there are cabbage and radish. Vegetables commonly eaten in the four seasons include onions, garlic, peppers, bean sprouts and tofu. After 1978, the county began to grow vegetables in plastic greenhouses, and people can eat fresh vegetables such as celery, pepper, cucumber, cabbage and spinach all year round. Since ancient times, families in this county have a tradition of pickling dried radish, kohlrabi, pickled vegetables, bean paste, watermelon paste, tofu and so on.

People in this county have three meals a day, and the general breakfast is porridge (mostly sweet potato porridge in winter), steamed bread and pickles; Lunch is steamed bread, fried (roasted) vegetables and soup; Dinner is noodles, or porridge, steamed bread, or salty soup, steamed bread, accompanied by stir-fry or pickles. Dinner is commonly known as soup This food tastes a little salty and spicy.

Living since ancient times, people in this county like to take a hall facing south (also called North House) as the main room, which is mostly three rooms, one bright and two dark, one guest room in the middle and one bedroom in the east and west for their elders to live in. Three houses in the east, west and south are allocated to the younger generation to live in, or used as barns, kitchens and livestock houses. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, working people could not afford to build houses, and most generations lived in the same house.

In the past, most people's houses were covered with earth walls and grass roofs, and only a few rich people lived in brick houses. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the housing structure has gradually changed. In the 1960 s, it was generally earthen walls and tiled roofs. After 1978, most of them were brick walls and tiled roofs with corridors, some farmers built buildings, and there were few straw houses. In the past, there were no windows behind people's houses. Up to now, only a few families have windows behind their houses, and most of them have nap windows.

In the past, people walked to the market and visited relatives and friends. A few people used donkeys, horses and mules instead of walking. Use wooden unicycle or animal-drawn four-wheeled peace car to pick up guests and send them away. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the means of transportation have been constantly changing. At first, a rubber-tyred flat car was used. After 1970s, bicycles became popular in urban and rural areas. After 1980, there were buses from the county to all towns and villages, and many young people bought motorcycles, which made it more convenient for people to go out or transport.

Second, life customs

Delivery: A few days before a pregnant woman gives birth, her family prepares brown sugar and eggs and sends them to her husband's family, which is called "delivery". After that, pregnant women generally don't go back to their parents' home, fearing that the baby will be born in their parents' home and make taboos.

Good news: Three days after the first baby was born, his father prepared red eggs (boiled eggs dyed red) to go to his father's house to report the good news and inform him of the time to send porridge and rice.

Send porridge and rice: 9 days for girls and 0/2 days for boys after the birth of the first baby. My grandmother prepares brown sugar, eggs, wheat (or millet), baby clothes, jewelry and toys to celebrate. On the same day, other relatives and friends also prepared gifts to congratulate the baby, and the baby's parents hosted a banquet, which was called sending porridge and rice. When guests come back, they will send red eggs and steamed buns to show their gratitude. Grandma usually stays with her grandson for a few days. If she is in a hurry, she should leave a dress.

Receive the full moon: when the baby is full moon, grandma will receive her grandson for several days. Put some black ink on the baby's face when he goes, and some white powder when he comes. As the saying goes, "the bad face is gone, the white face is coming, and the longer the baby is, the richer it is." Grandma sent another chicken and put a red cloth around its neck. This chicken can only be raised, not slaughtered.

Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), men and women got married according to their parents' orders and matchmakers' words.

Matchmaker: Also called "proposal". The matchmaker weighed the character, personality, family and social status of both men and women, and thought that the two families were suitable and had the possibility of getting married, that is, they went to introduce them. When the two families got to know each other and had no problem, the matchmaker told them that their parents were willing to get along for a hundred years.

After the couple agree to get married, the man's parents will write in red paper, "Don't be stubborn, do whatever you want, six gifts are unprepared, and the family is willing to tie the knot." Iceman ×××. A letter dated ×××××

Great Cambodia: After the small Cambodia, the man prepared jewelry, clothes, red dates, chestnuts and so on. The matchmaker gave them to the woman on an auspicious day. After the woman is hired, she will give a Cambodian sticker (commonly known as a birthday sticker) written on red paper to the matchmaker. The man proposed to the fortune teller. If the birthday doesn't agree with his wife, they will get engaged.

After marriage, the man chooses an auspicious day, prepares a sedan chair, suona and a three-eye gun, and goes to the woman's house to get married. A man carried a rooster to his wife's house in his sedan chair, but she didn't stay. He also sent a hen as a gift to the two families for good luck. The bride is dressed up, wearing a red scarf on her head, red sedan chair (red clothes) and red embroidered shoes on her feet. When the sedan chair came out of the village, she fired three shots and played suona in front of it. After she married the sedan chair, she fired one shot and played a song every time she met a village, bridge or temple along the way. In the east of the county seat, two unmarried brothers went to the man's village with teapots and teacups and returned immediately. In the west of the county, unmarried sisters will send sedan chairs to the man's house to take care of the bride, and the bride and groom will come back after visiting the bride.

The sedan chair landed in front of the man. Amid the sound of suona and gunfire, the man and the woman presented a hip flask wrapped in red cloth to the bride (called a bride price shell pot). The other two girls, who belong to a different genus from the bride, helped the bride out of the sedan chair and walked slowly to the reed mat laid in front of the sedan chair. When she set foot on the second reed mat, she sprinkled the first reed mat on the bride's head, and so on until the table was placed in the yard. During this period, one person on each side of the bride sprinkled red dates, peanuts, Gui Huayuan, chestnuts, husband's skin and other things on the bride's head. This is called scattered warfare, which indicates that your son is born early and prosperous. Incense candles were lit on the altar, and there was a barrel full of sorghum. Put a mirror in the bucket and insert a pole. In front of the altar, the bride and groom worship heaven and earth (called meeting the bride). After the ceremony, the groom picked up the bucket on the altar, led the bride into the bridal chamber, put the bucket on the bed, picked up the blush on the bride's head with a pole, and the husband and wife shared a heart-to-heart drink. At this time, everyone made a scene in the new house, forcing the bride and groom to kiss and bite apples. After a short rest, the bride changes her dress and worships her relatives and friends in front of the altar in the courtyard with the groom. First worship your in-laws, then bow in turn according to the distance between your in-laws, and the person who wants to be the head should pay money to kowtow. At night, when the bride and groom enter the bridal chamber, they need someone to listen to it. If no one listens, the mother-in-law or sister-in-law will put a broom in front of the window of the new house to show good luck. The lights in the bridal chamber will not be turned off all night. This is called "Long Life Lamp".

On the third day of their marriage, the bride and groom paid homage to their ancestral graves. Generally, on the sixth day after marriage, the bride is picked up by her family and returned the same day. Pick it up on the ninth day and send it back in six days, commonly known as "pick up nine and stay six, and it will not be bitter (bitter) for a lifetime". On 18, my parents will pick me up and stay for 18. The bride will make shoes and pot covers at home at her mother's house and take them back to her husband's house.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state promulgated the Marriage Law, abolished the arranged marriage system, and practiced freedom of love and marital autonomy. It is rare for young men and women in rural areas to get married freely. Most of them were introduced by references. Men and women meet first, and then after a period of time to understand the situation, both sides have no opinions, so they go to government agencies for marriage registration and get a marriage certificate. Then choose the wedding date, prepare meals, entertain relatives and friends, and hold a wedding. In the past, the old customs of spending the New Year, sitting in a sedan chair, wearing a red hood, giving away pots and shells, and worshiping the gods of heaven and earth have all been abolished. At the end of 1970s, when men and women got married, there were gifts for the woman to meet and give a bride price, and the amount was increasing day by day, which became a public hazard and attracted the attention of the government and relevant units. Through publicity and education, this trend has been curbed.

In the past, only a few wealthy families celebrated their birthdays. Every birthday, friends and relatives prepare gifts to celebrate, and the host gives a big banquet. Due to limited economic conditions, few people celebrate their birthdays. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people's lives have been improving, and more and more people celebrate their birthdays, mostly children and the elderly. Children celebrate their birthdays by lighting candles and eating cakes. Friends and relatives will send toys and clothes to congratulate them. Most elderly people celebrate their 66th, 73rd and 77th birthdays. On the 66th birthday, the married children and relatives prepared 66 steamed buns, 66 snacks and 6 pounds of 6 pieces of meat to celebrate the birthday. As the saying goes, "66, there is a piece of meat"; Seventy-three years old, you must have carp in your birthday present. As the saying goes, "Seventy-three, eat a carp and run away"; On your 77th birthday, a chicken is indispensable in your birthday present. As the saying goes, "Seventy-seven, eat a chicken".

On the first birthday of a young woman after marriage, her parents prepared gifts and invited relatives to congratulate her daughter. It's called being born.

In the past, funeral ceremonies in this county were complicated and superstitious. Before the old man died, he mostly moved his bed to the front of the main hall and put on a shroud. Burning paper money at the end of life is called "burning paper backwards" and "becoming one" when the body enters the coffin. An oil lamp is usually placed in front of the coffin, which is called "soul lamp"; An earthen basin, called "Laopen", is used to burn paper money when relatives and friends mourn; A small earthenware jar, the jar mouth is covered with bread, and a pair of chopsticks are inserted in the middle of the cake, which is called "Yin-Yang jar". In addition, there are several willow branches wrapped with white paper spikes, which are 2 feet long and are called "funeral sticks" for children and grandchildren to pay homage to the dead and relatives. Set up a mourning shed in front of the funeral home, with an altar in the middle and offerings on it, and boys and girls tied with paper on both sides of the mourning shed. Put a piece of white paper on the door and insert a white paper banner next to the door to show it to the neighbors.

The son, daughter-in-law, daughter and grandson of the deceased were all called "dutiful sons", and the son was called "dutiful sons", wearing a white hat, a gown, a hemp rope and white shoes. Daughter-in-law and daughter are wearing white scarves, white gowns, white cloth with trouser legs and white shoes on their heads. The rest of the clan men wear white hats and shoes, and women wear white scarves and shoes. The dutiful son waits on both sides of the coffin day and night, with men left and women right, which is called "wake". When relatives and friends mourn, the dutiful son bows down, the male dutiful son worships the male guest, and the female dutiful son worships the female guest and cries with him. The victim's family gave white hats to male guests, white towels to female guests and white cloth belts to son-in-law, granddaughter's husband and nephew. This is called "breaking filial piety".

On the third day after his death, he "became entangled in travelling expenses" and "sat down". In the evening, the family members prepared incense sticks and paper money, wrapped a flat food according to the age of the deceased, cooked soup and put it in a bucket, and went to the crossroads outside the village to pay homage. This is called "sending travelling expenses". At the time of delivery, suona was in front, and two people were carrying buckets full of flat food in the back, splashing flat food and soup one by one with spoons along the way, followed by dutiful sons and others. Light incense sticks and paper money at the crossroads, say goodbye and choose another way to return. After a short rest, sit down (seal the coffin with nails). Relatives and friends came to bid farewell to the body. If the deceased is a woman, her mother's family must invite her and get their consent before giving her a seat. Otherwise, her mother's family often wastes the victim's money and even obstructs the funeral.

After the death of the elderly, the mourning period is longer, generally not less than 7 days. Some people put off the funeral until more than a month later. If the spouse of the deceased has passed away, on the day before the funeral, the family will prepare paper money to visit the deceased at the grave, commonly known as "asking the spirit." On the day of the funeral, relatives and friends prepared gifts to pay homage. Daughters, granddaughters, nephews, nieces and other relatives usually prepare a reed mat and a mortgage gift in addition to the offerings. The memorial ceremony was held in the order of kinship, and the dutiful son bowed down with a funeral stick in turn, and was greeted with guns, commonly known as "taking confessions". After the sacrifice, the host entertained the guests. After the feast, people will mourn with peace of mind. First, the coffin was carried to the gate to stop, and then relatives, friends and neighbors paid homage. This is called "Lu Dian". After the sacrifice, the coffin was carried to the cemetery. As soon as the coffin was lifted, the dutiful son smashed the old basin, which is called "throwing away the old basin" and symbolizes the right of inheritance. The suona team played in front, and the eldest child followed the dutiful son with a white banner. Everyone carried the coffin and followed the dutiful son. The female dutiful son walked behind the coffin. When the coffin arrived at the cemetery, relatives and friends paid homage again. Then put the coffin into the grave, commonly known as "coffin buried." Master Yin and Yang adjusted his position, put the jar of Yin and Yang and the funeral stick in front of the coffin, covered the coffin mat, sealed the soil to build a grave, and inserted white banners.

On the third day after the funeral, the immediate family members prepared paper money to pay homage to the grave and rebuild it, which was called "Garden Grave". After that, the grave was swept to pay homage on schedule, with 7 days as the first phase (counting from the date of funeral) and burning until the fifth phase, commonly known as "burning five-phase paper".

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), funeral procedures and feudal superstitious etiquette gradually decreased, paper cows, horses, boys and girls and other sacrificial objects were basically abolished, and mourning clothes were gradually replaced by black gauze. There are more and more flowers among cadres and workers and memorial services. 1May, 977, Dangshan Crematorium was completed, and the wind of cremation gradually rose.

No matter whether the deceased is married or not, as long as the elders are still alive, the mourning period will not be delayed. Usually only three days, and some people are buried on the day after death. The funeral ceremony is also very simple.

Third, festivals and customs.

Traditional Festival Spring Festival: The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, which is the biggest festival in a year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". As soon as people enter the twelfth lunar month, they should prepare for the New Year. As the saying goes, "After eating the food of Laba (the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month), it will be the New Year." Get ready for money, food and clothes. After the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month, I was busy buying chicken, fish, meat, eggs, cigarettes, sugar, incense, candles, firecrackers, Spring Festival couplets, kitchen paintings and door paintings. After the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, steamed bread, fried meatballs, fried peanuts, fried melon seeds, piled up sugar and cleaned up. On the day before the Spring Festival, paste Spring Festival couplets, kitchen paintings and door paintings. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the poor posted Spring Festival couplets earlier than the rich, and they were not allowed to go in to collect debts.

On the first day of the first month, people get up at dawn, light candles, set off firecrackers, worship God and welcome the New Year. Adults and children put on new clothes and kowtow to their elders for the New Year. Usually, we have light food for breakfast When cooking, leave a few leftovers, which symbolizes that there are leftovers in the new year. After breakfast, neighbors pay New Year greetings to each other, and each family prepares cigarettes, wine, sugar, peanuts, melon seeds and other warm hospitality. No matter whether there are contradictions at ordinary times, as long as they are elders, they should be given New Year greetings. Otherwise, it will be criticized by everyone, and neighbors often bridge the gap through New Year greetings and reconciliation. From the second day of the first month, relatives pay New Year greetings to each other. Generally speaking, I pay homage to my uncle the next day, to my father-in-law on the fourth day, to my aunt on the fifth day and on the sixth day, and then to other relatives and friends. Most of them will not end until about ten days in the first month.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the old customs such as burning incense, worshipping gods, pasting kitchen pictures and kowtowing have been abolished, and most of them use the Spring Festival to express condolences to the families of military martyrs and carry out cultural and sports activities.

Send athel Loren: On the fifth day of the first lunar month, elderly women in the village gather at the well to burn incense and paper money to sacrifice athel Loren, and then queue up to send athel Loren to the east intersection of the village. Never look back on the way back, otherwise, the plague will follow. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom has been abolished.

Sending Vulcan: On the seventh day of the first lunar month, people hold torches and set off firecrackers to send Vulcan to the southwest intersection of the village to burn incense and pray for God to avoid fire. Don't look back on the way home, lest Vulcan follow. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom has been abolished.

Lantern Festival: The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival, and Yuanxiao is eaten on this day. In the evening, each family lights an oil lamp steamed with flour. Someone steamed dragon lanterns with flour and lit them on the grain depot. Some use colored paper to tie up various flower trees such as wheat, cotton, corn, fruits and vegetables, and insert them on the dunghill, commonly known as "cash cows". Children hold lanterns of various shapes, such as dragons, fish, rabbits, horses and lotus flowers, and get together to compete for lanterns. In the past, during the Lantern Festival, the four customs in Dangcheng held traditional entertainment activities, such as bamboo and horse dance in Beiguan, dragon lantern show in Xiguan, dry boat in Nanguan and lion dance in Dongguan. It attracted people from more than ten miles around the city and was very lively. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the county cultural department held a lantern festival every year.

People in this county often use the shape, size and quantity of lights to predict the harvest of various crops that year.

February 2nd: The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the second day of the second lunar month. On this day, people steam dragon-shaped steamed buns with flour, use plant ash to store grain in the yard, outside the gate and on the wall of the threshing floor, and bury a handful of whole grains in the middle, wishing a good weather and a good harvest. As the saying goes, "On February 2nd, you don't work, you eat big buns with your children in your arms." "On February 2nd, the dragon looks up, with a big hoard and a small hoard."

Japanese families eat "scorpion claws", which are made by soaking soybeans in salt water and frying them. The purpose is to disinfect and eliminate disasters. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), people began to produce spring seeds in February. After the Spring Festival after the founding of the People's Republic of China, people are busy preparing for spring ploughing and planting.

Tomb-Sweeping Day: A few days ago in Tomb-Sweeping Day, families visited graves, added grave soil and burned paper money for their ancestors. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, government officials, school teachers and students, etc. Qingming sweeps graves and lays wreaths for revolutionary martyrs and carries out revolutionary traditional education.

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the Cold Food Festival, celebrated by boiling eggs and inserting wickers on both sides of the door and under the eaves, in memory of meson push. According to local legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Wengong was exiled abroad. After returning to China, he was made a vassal, but he didn't get meson push, so he pushed himself to live in Mianshan with his mother. Later, Jin Wengong couldn't find meson push, so he burned the mountain and pushed him out, but meson push didn't want to go out and was burned to death. Jin Wengong regards the surface as a sub-means to close farmland.

Dragon Boat Festival: The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also called Duanyang Festival. It is Japanese families who eat melon seeds and sugar cakes and put moxa sticks under the eaves. The children wore sachets and tied their wrists with colored wool ropes. Grandma embroidered "Five Poisons (Scorpion, Scolope, Snake, Gecko, Toad) red Chinese-style chest covering" for her little grandson. Legend has it that eating melon seeds, sugar cakes and sticking moxa sticks is to commemorate Qu Yuan. The children tied their wrists with colored wool, cut them off at the beginning of July in the lunar calendar, and left them on the house. Magpies took them to build a magpie bridge for the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Children wearing "Five Poisons" Chinese-style chest covering can eliminate disasters and take refuge. The sachet contains Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and vanilla to prevent pests from harming the body.

On the first and fifteenth day of June, people in the north of the old Yellow River and east of the county take the first day of the sixth lunar month as a "small year" (Spring Festival is a big year), and every family steamed steamed buns, wrapped jiaozi and bought peaches, plums, apricots, bonuses and other fresh fruits to sacrifice to the gods. People in the south of the old Yellow River and west of the county take June 15th of the lunar calendar as the "small year". Therefore, there is a local saying that "the first day is the same as June 15th". July 7th: According to legend, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet at the Magpie Bridge. This day is also called Begging for Clevership Festival in this county. This is the evening of a day. Unmarried women buy fruit under the moon and ask the weaver girl for help (learn needlework skills).

July 15: Tangzhai, north of the old Yellow River in our county and east of Dangcheng, is called "Ghost Festival", and every family burns paper money in front of the grave to worship their ancestors.

Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th of the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival. A few days before the festival, families presented moon cakes, wine, meat and fruit to relatives and friends. On that day, people in other places usually go home for reunion, eat moon cakes at night and enjoy the moon with reunion wine.

The first day of October: According to legend, the first day of October in the lunar calendar is the "ghost-collecting" day of Yan Wang. On this day or later, every family goes to their ancestors' graves to burn paper money.

Laba: On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, people eat porridge made of millet (or rice), red dates, red beans and sugar. Commonly known as "Laba porridge", it means a bumper harvest. People often put laba porridge on jujube trees, and it is said that more jujubes will be produced next year.

Offering sacrifices to stoves: The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the day of offering sacrifices to stoves. People burn incense and kowtow to the chef, praying that "God speaks well and the world will be safe". And take down the painting of Kitchen God and burn it, which is called sending Kitchen God to heaven. This custom is out of date now.

New Year's Eve: The last day of the Lunar New Year is called New Year's Eve, and the local name is December 30th. Put up Spring Festival couplets and door paintings on New Year's Eve morning. Put a horizontal stick in front of the gate at night, which means to stop the outflow of wealth. Burn incense, kowtow and worship in the yard at night, near the gate and in front of the indoor gods. Adults give children lucky money, and the whole family has a reunion dinner and drinks wine to celebrate the New Year. Most people go to bed at midnight, and some people stay up all night. This is called "shou sui". The custom of burning incense, kowtowing and putting door bolts and sticks on New Year's Eve has been abolished.

New festivals Most of the new festivals are national festivals uniformly stipulated by the state after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and all of them are based on the solar calendar time. 1 month 1 is New Year's Day, a holiday 1 day. May 1 day is international labor day, and it is a holiday 1 day. 65438+1 October1is a national day, with a holiday of 2 days. March 8 is International Women's Day, and female employees have a half-day holiday. May 4th is Youth Day. June 1 is International Children's Day, and primary schools and kindergartens are closed 1 day. July 1 is China's birthday anniversary. 8 1 is Army Day. At that time, various organs and organizations will hold celebrations, and more and more urban and rural people will hold weddings and celebrate new festivals.

Fourth, etiquette

Before and after the Qing Dynasty, most people in this county bowed down and bowed back. During the Republic of China, the number of people who bowed down gradually decreased, while the number of people who bowed down increased. After the founding of New China, most people shook hands, but now few people bend, bow and bow. Guests come to the door of the host's house, not just go in. They knocked at the door or shouted, and the host either came in or went out to meet them. The host asked the guests to sit down, offered tea and cigarettes with both hands, and the guests thanked them one after another. When the guests left, the host sent them to the gate, and the host and guests saluted and said goodbye to each other. Villagers and neighbors usually greet each other when they meet: "Good morning?" "hello?" "Are you busy recently?" . When we meet before and after meals, we often ask, "Have you eaten?" Before and after dinner, I often ask, "Did you drink (soup)?" .

To ask for directions, get off (or get on) first, distinguish the age characteristics, and address each other as old man, aunt, eldest brother, sister-in-law, younger brother, gentleman, comrade, etc. And then ask questions. After asking, say "thank you" and "thank you". Most of the other people replied: "You're welcome" and "Nothing". If someone is at fault, they will generally apologize to each other in the form of "blame me", "sorry" and "please forgive".

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the activities of "five stresses and four beauties" were carried out in organs, factories, schools and shops (stressing civilization, politeness, hygiene, order and morality; Beautiful mind, beautiful language, beautiful behavior and beautiful environment), and select "civilized units" every year. Urban and rural areas continue to carry out selection activities such as "Five Good Families", "Good Daughter-in-law", "Good Husband", "Good Mother-in-law" and "good sister-in-law".

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