What is the history and culture of Jiange?

Jiange, known as Jianmen in ancient times, is the crossroads of Qin and Shu. It was named after Zhuge Liang built Feitian Geliang Road in Jianmenguan. Known as "the northern barrier of Shu, the throat of two rivers". Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, it has been a county, county and state, and it has been established for more than 700 years. It is a culturally advanced county in China, rich in Shu Dao culture, Three Kingdoms culture and red culture. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an average elevation of 540 meters. The annual average temperature 16℃, rainfall 1000 mm, sunshine time 1500 hours and frost-free period of 270 days. It belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate. The forest coverage rate is 5 1%, which is one of the four cypress forest areas in China. Jianmenguan Forest Park is the first batch of national forest parks. Cui Yun Promenade, with a length of 15 1 km, was built in the pre-Qin period, comparable to the Roman Avenue. Mineral resources mainly include quartz sand, coal, limestone, geothermal and more than 30 kinds. Beijing-Kunming Expressway, baoji-chengdu railway and Xicheng High-speed Railway pass through the territory, only 20 kilometers away from Guangyuan Airport, and the traffic location advantage is very obvious. The county has jurisdiction over 57 townships and 549 administrative villages with a population of 680,000 (agricultural population of 600,000) and an area of 3,204 square kilometers. It is the county with the largest area, the second population and the third economic aggregate in Guangyuan City. On September 28th, 2003, the resident of the county government moved from Pu 'an Town to Sixia Town. County planning area 14 square kilometers, and the built-up area is 4 square kilometers. At present, the resident population is over 30,000.

First, the evolution of the county

Section 1 Historical Evolution

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Jiange County belonged to Liangzhou. The Western Zhou Dynasty belonged to Yongzhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770-22 1 year), most of Shu was under the jurisdiction of the state, and the southeast was under the jurisdiction of Pakistan. In the fifth year of Shen Zhou's reign, that is, the ninth year of Qin Huiwen's reign (the first 3 16 years), he returned to the territory of Qin. After the unification of China in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year ago), the county system was implemented. Jianjing belongs to Jiameng County in Shu County and Langzhong County in Ba County in the east.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (20 1 before), the sword land belonged to Zitong County, Jiameng County and Langzhong County in eight counties of Guanghan County. In the 12th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (36 years), it administered Zitong, Jiameng, Deyang and Langzhong.

In the 22nd year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 17), when Liu Bei enfeoffed Shu, he enfeoffed Zitong County, Baishui County and Fuxian County in Jiameng County, and started to establish a new Dangde County in Jiange County (the place is in Hanyang Town, so the city is named Huang Lucheng), which belongs to Zitong County.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Dangde County was the territory of Shu Han. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, took Hande County as an example and said that "the road from the big sword to the small sword is thirty miles, and even the mountains are dangerous". At the cliff of Dajianshan, where the two cliffs meet, the cliff is built as a door and guarded by a pavilion, which becomes a military pass.

In the third year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (267), Hande County belonged to Zitong County in Liangzhou. From the second year of Tai 'an (303) to the third year of Yonghe (347), Hande was the territory of "Han Cheng".

In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Jiange County was newly established in Jinshou County (located in Dacangba, Sixia Town, the old city of Xiao Jian), which belongs to Zitong County with Hande County; In the fifteenth year of Taiyuan (390), Jiange County was abolished.

In the early years of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty, Hande County was changed to Baishui County in Liangzhou, and later changed to Jinshou County in Liangzhou. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty in the Southern Qi Dynasty, it was returned to Zitong County and soon abandoned.

At the beginning of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty, overseas Chinese settled in Nan 'an County, Linghuan Road and Zhong Tao County of Hande. In the third year of Yuanjia (435), overseas Chinese settled in Wudu County, Wudu County, Bian Xia County (governing the old Wugong Bridge in the south of Wulian), and Maoling County (governing Shangtingpu in Zitong County) belonged to Yizhou.

In the Southern Song Dynasty (457-464), Nan 'an County was transformed into a real hometown of overseas Chinese, which governed Nan 'an (now Puan Town is the county), Baishui (now Dianzi Township), Huayang (now Wanghe Township South), Zitong (now Chengguan Town of Zitong County) and Huandao and Zhong Tao counties in South Qinzhou.

During the Southern Dynasties (479-502), Nan 'an County was led by Nan 'an, Baishui, Huayang, Le 'an and Huandao, and Zitong County was placed under Zitong County. Xinba County was changed to Nanxinba County, and still led 1 county; Change Wudu to Fufeng County, in charge of Wudu (renamed Wudu and Bian Xia County), Maoling and Huayin (now Kaifeng Town), and in charge of Hanyang, Lueyang and Anding counties.

In the second year of the Southern Liang Dynasty (503), Nanliang County (now Pu 'an) was set up in the territory, which governed Nan 'an County (the leading county remained unchanged), Fujian County (renamed Fufeng County) and Nanxinba County. During the 30 years from the fourth year of Tian Jian (505) to the first year of Datong (535), three counties in Nanliang Prefecture and their subordinate counties entered the Northern Wei Dynasty. At the end of the Liang Dynasty, King Wuling proclaimed himself emperor according to Shu, changed Nanliang County to Anzhou, and still led the original county.

In 554, the Western Wei Dynasty abolished the emperor for three years in the Northern Dynasty. Because Anzhou first arrived in Bashu, Anzhou was changed to Shizhou ③, and Nan 'an was named Pu 'an, leading 4 counties and 6 counties: Pu 'an County governs Pu 'an County (renamed Nan 'an County) and Yonggui County (renamed Baishui County); Huangyuan County governs (changed from Huayang County) and Maoling County (changed from Fujian County to Li County and then abandoned); Andu County governs Wulian County (renamed Auxiliary Sword Martial Arts) ④; Tongchuan Group (now Shiniupu, Zitong County) ⑤.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Shizhou was changed to the Governor's Office of Lizhou, and it still governed four counties: Pu 'an, Huangyuan, Andu and Tongchuan. In addition to revoking Maoling County, Andu County was added as Huyuan County (in the eighteenth year of Tian Jian, Langzhong County of Brazil was included in the new county, which now governs Qunying Village of Shenxiang Township).

In the third year of Sui Huangkai (583), he abandoned the county. The first state includes seven counties: Pu 'an, Yonggui, Huang An, Anshou, Wulian, Huyuan (renamed as Linjin in the seventh year) and Yin Ping (Longzhou, which governs Yinping Village of Xiaoxiba in Jiangyou County). In the third year of Daye (607), Yuanzhou was changed to Pu 'an County, while Lingxian County remained unchanged. Anshou was also named Zitong (moved to Lianzhiba, Zitong County).

In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), Pu 'an County was renamed Shizhou, which belonged to the governor of Lizhou. In the sixth year of Zhenguan, it was changed to Jiannan Road and Dongchuan Festival. In the second year of victory (699), Jianmen County was newly established as the first state. Born for two years (7 13), the original state was changed to Jianzhou ⑥, "named after Jiange". At this point, the name of statehood began to be seen by the world. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Jianzhou was changed to Pu 'an County. In the first year of Gan Yuan, it was renamed Jianzhou, and led 8 counties: Pu 'an, Huang An (renamed Pucheng at the end of the Tang Dynasty), Wulian, Zitong, Yin Ping, Linjin (now moved to Bailong Town), Yonggui and Jianmen.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a military organization was set up in Jianmenguan, and a customs decree was made to juxtapose Dajian Town (Jianmenchang) and Xiao Jian Garrison (now Xiadacangba).

In the Five Dynasties, Qianshu, Houtang, Houshu and Jianzhou were its territory, and the counties under its jurisdiction remained unchanged, belonging to Zhaowu Military Day.

In the third year of Song Gande (965), he took the Puan Army of Jianzhou, which belonged to Xichuan Road and still led the original county. In five years, Yonggui County was affiliated to Jianmen County. In the sixth year of Kaibao (973), it belonged to the West Road, Xia Chuan Road in the sixth year of Taiping Xingguo and Lizhou Road in the fourth year of Xianping (100 1). In the second year of Jingdezhen (1005), Jianmen County was supervised by Jianmen Pass. In the third year of Jingdezhen, Jianmenguan moved to the capital, and Tokyo soldiers were stationed. Jianzhou is only ahead of six counties. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), Guan and County were divided into two parts, all of which were placed under Jianzhou, and Linjin County was Pu 'an County. In the Yuanfu, Jianmen Pass is placed under Jianmen County, and the "county magistrate is in charge". After four years of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 134), Lizhou Road was divided into East Road and West Road. After several enfeoffments, Jianzhou belongs to Lizhou East Road. In the second year of Longxing (1 164), Jianzhou was promoted to Pu 'an Army because of "Fan Di". Shao Xiyuan (1 190) was promoted to Qin Long Prefecture. In the third year of Baoyu (1255), the Mongolian army attacked Shu, and the government moved to Kuzhu Zhai (now Zhujiazhai, Jianmen Town).

In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), Qin Long Prefecture was changed to Jianzhou, Pucheng and Jianmen counties were merged into Pu 'an, and Yin Ping County was abandoned due to war. Taidingzhong (1324 to 1328), Wulian county in Sichuan enters Zitong county, and Jianzhou leads Pu 'an and Zitong counties, belonging to Guangyuan Road in Sichuan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Jianzhou was under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty and the name of the county remained unchanged.

In the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1373), Pu 'an County of this province entered Jianzhou. Nine provinces and states. In the 13th year (1380), the state was rebuilt, and Zitong and Jiangyou (now Wudu Town, Jiangyou County) belonged to Baoning Prefecture (now Langzhong County) in Sichuan Province. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Jianmenguan was abandoned, and in the twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542), Jianmenguan was re-established with more than 100 guards. In the forty-five years of Jiajing (1566), Jiangyou County belonged to Longzhou. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou was the territory of Zhang Daxi's regime.

In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646), Zitong County was taken for statehood (1), and in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Zitong County belonged to Mianzhou, and there was no county for statehood, making it a "single state".

In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Jianzhou was directly under the military government of Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over Jianmen and Wulian. In the second year of the Republic of China, Jianzhou was changed to Jiange County, and Jianmen and Wulian were divided into two counties. In the third year of the Republic of China, Feijianmen and Wulian were divided into counties, and Jiange County belonged to Jialing Road in Sichuan Province. During the period of Sichuan's "protected area" from seven years to twenty-three years in the Republic of China, Jiange County was successively protected by the Northern Sichuan Colonial Army, Liu Cunhou, the Northern Sichuan Border Guard and Tian 29th Army.

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, from April 65438 to April 0935 (April 24, Republic of China), Jiange belonged to the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and was organized by Soviet regimes in Pu 'an (governing the county), Chihua (governing the present Heling Town) and Jinxian (governing the present scene).

In the summer of the 24th year of the Republic of China, after the National Government unified the "Sichuan Government", Jiange was under the jurisdiction of the Administrative Supervision Department and the Security Command of the 14th District of Sichuan Province. It has jurisdiction over 9 counties: Jiange, Zhao Hua, Guangyuan, Cangxi, Langzhong, Jiangyou, Zhangming, Pingwu and Beichuan. In the 31st year of the Republic of China, Qingchuan and Wangcang counties added jurisdiction, totaling 1 1, until the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949).

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Jiange was liberated on1949 65438+February 18, and was still built for the county seat. 1950 belongs to Jiange Commissioner's Office of North Sichuan Administrative Office. 1953, changed to Mianyang Commissioner's Office. 1May, 985, Jiange County was subordinate to Guangyuan City.

Section 2 County Changes

I. Within Hande County

From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, Hande County was connected with Hanshou County in the northeast, Zitong County in the west, Langzhong County in Ba County in the southeast and Yin Ping County and Guangwu County in the northwest. It generally includes Saburo, Huangsha and Ma Lu in the southwest of Guangyuan City, as well as Longquan, Hanyang, Jianmen, Si Xia, Jiangkou, He Ling, Bailong, Kaifeng and Liugou counties.

Two, Nan 'an County and Wudu County.

In the Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Nan 'an County was as follows: Nan 'an County was roughly Longquan District, Ximiao, Chaoshou Township and Long Yuan Town; Baishui County is today's Heling District and Dianzi, Trojan Horse, Baiya and other places; Huayang County is Renhe and Daxing in Jinyuan Mountain Area and Zitong County. Zitong County is now the border between Zitong Chengguan, Maying, Daan, Shi Niu and Weicheng. The jurisdiction of Wudu County is: Wugong County is now Wulian, Liugou, Kaifeng, Dongbao, Ji Yun and other places; Maoling County is the place where Zitong performed martial arts, and the pavilion, jianxing and revival are all today.

Third, in Shizhou, Jianzhou and Qin Long.

During the Western Wei Dynasty, the territory of Shizhou expanded. In addition to Huyuan County, Brazil County was incorporated into Andu County, and now it governs Shen Xiang, Yangling, Jinping, Gongxing and Bailong. So far, it connects Longzhou (Langzhong) in the southeast, Xinzhou (Santai) in the southwest, Lintong (Mianyang) in the west, Longzhou (Pingwu) in the northwest and Jinshou County in Zhenli (Guangyuan) in the northeast.

When Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty was proclaimed, Yin Ping County was included in Shizhou (Pu 'an County). By the Tang Dynasty, its jurisdiction extended to Zhonghua, Majiao, Yanmen, Fuxing and Shuangban in Jiangyou County. After being renamed as Jianzhou, the territory is divided into Pu 'an, Wulian, Yin Ping, Zitong, Huang An, Linjin, Yonggui, Jianmen and other counties.

During the Song Dynasty, the territory of Jianzhou and Qin Long was the same. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were few counties, and the territory changed little.

Fourth, the territory of statehood in Ming and Qing Dynasties

From the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty to the 44th year of Jiajing, Jianzhou administered Jiangyou and Zitong counties, and its territory expanded again. Jiangyou belonged to Longzhou in the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, and Zitong County belonged to Mianzhou in the fifth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty. At this point, the territory of Jianzhou has narrowed and stabilized. It borders Zhao Hua and Cangxi County in the east, Langzhong and Yanting County in the south, Zitong and Jiangyou in the west and Wu Heping and Zhaohua County in the north.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) in Jiange County

During the Republic of China, the territory of Jiange County was the same as that of the late Qing Dynasty. In the meantime, from 25 to 33, the 14th District Commissioner's Office investigated and adjusted the "enclaves" of Jiange Tongjiangyou, Zitong, Yanting, Nanbu and Zhao Hua. Yinpingba is bounded by small water supply, with Hexi in Jiangyou County and Hedong in Jiange County. Jinzishan, Ganchangya and Sanheba are included in Jiange from Jiangyou; Guojiashan and Jincheng Temple are included in Jiange County from nanbu county, and Xujiaya belongs to nanbu county. Tuhuangguan and other places are included in Yanting County; Last stand, Yin Ping, Yinjiasi and other places have not changed, and the area of "enclave" has not been adjusted. Jiange County is connected to Zhao Hua and Cangxi counties in the east, Langzhong and Yanting counties in the south, Zitong and Jiangyou counties in the west and Qingchuan and Zhaohua counties in the north. The area is 3457. 1 km2.

Great changes have taken place in the territory of Jiange County during the People's Republic of China (PRC) period. 1in August, 952, Si Xia, Saburo, Ma Lu, Guazao, Shaba and Fuxing were placed in the original Zhaohua County, and the townships of Yangxi, Fujun, Shicheng and Hualin in Zhaohua County were placed in Jiange. 1June 953 Renhe, Baoshi, Erdong, Daxing, Wenxing and Guanlong were incorporated into Zitong County. In July 1954, Dongbao, Five Blessingg and other towns in Jiangyou County were incorporated into Jiange; 65438+ February, Maying Township was incorporated into Zitong County; 1955, 1 1 month, Jianxin Township was classified as Zitong and Heitu Township as Yanting County. 1April, 977, two brigades, Shuichi and Shuangfeng, belonging to Heling Township, were placed under Cangxi County. 1980, Wanghe Township Pioneer Brigade was placed under Zitong County. At this point, the territory of Jiange has been greatly reduced. 198 1 year later, the county boundary tends to be stable, with Cangxi County in the east, Langzhong and nanbu county in the south, Zitong and Jiangyou County in the west and Guangyuan Central District in the north, covering an area of 3090.5438+0 square kilometers.

Textual research on place names in Jiange County

The name "Jiange County" first appeared in the Book of Jin. There have always been three opinions about when to set up Jiange County: one is that "Huan Wen will be located in Shu". "Geography of the Book of Jin" records: "After Huan Wen entered Shu, Jiange County was established in Jinshou, belonging to Liangzhou. Later, Emperor Xiaowu set up Jinshou County in the northern border of Zitong, and went to Jiange County. This theory has been quoted in Yu Di Guang Ji, Yu Di Ji Sheng and Jiange County Records. Second, "Three Kingdoms Shu Han". His theory was first seen in Yu Fang Sheng Lan at the end of Song Dynasty, in which Gu Yu Di Zhi was quoted. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Sansheng annotated "Zi Tong Zhi Jian", and in the Qing Dynasty, Gu Zuyu's "Reading History and Yu Fang Minutes" followed this theory. Three said "Jin Ji, after the attack, Huan Wen went to Shu to reset, and found it and abandoned it". Qing Qianlong's Annals of the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing's Annals of Sichuan, Guangxu's General Examination of Imperial Examinations and the China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names of the Republic of China all hold this view.

According to the textual research of historical records, the first statement is correct, while the second and third statements are not well founded. First of all, according to the historical records, the earlier books written before the Song Dynasty, such as Huayang National Records, Taikang Local Records, Jin Shu Geography, Yu Di Guang Ji, Yu Di Ji Sheng, etc., clearly recorded the establishment of Jiange County in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but there was no statement that Shu Han established Jiange County. Chang Qu, the author of Huayang National Records, was born in Jiangyuan County (now Chongqing County, Sichuan Province), Shu County, Eastern Jin Dynasty. His activities have been more than 70 years since the Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms. The local historical facts of Sichuan contained in this book "started from the beginning and ended in Yonghe for three years". If Jiange is located in Han Shu County, Huayang National Records will be included, but after searching this book, there is no record of Jiange County. There was Shu in the 19th year of the Western Jin Dynasty, and there was no record of the establishment of Jiange County in the book Local Records of Taikang written by Taikang (280-289) during this period. Yang Shoujing of Yidu made a textual research in the book "Collation of Counties and Counties in the Three Kingdoms": "There is Jiange County in Jinzhi, but there is no record of Changzhi (that is, Huayang National Governance). Yu Fang's Summary quoted Yudizhi to record that Huo Jun was the county magistrate of Zitong, and Tongjian noted that Shu was divided into Guanghan and Zitong counties. Suspected Jiange County is Li Shu, which is not included in "Changzhi"? " Shen Zhi (that is, Song Shu of Shen Yue) said: Hanshou changed to Jinshou, and Guangji of Jade Emperor said that Wen was Pingshu, and Jinshou was divided into Jiange County, which was almost true. "

Regarding the statement that Jiange County is "the hometown of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms", the Qing people have always disagreed with Yu Fang's "Sheng Lan". When commenting on Yu Fang Sheng Lan, A Concise Catalogue of Four Ku Complete Books written by Qianlong in the forty-seventh year once said: "This book is detailed in the preface of historical records and poems, but slightly changed, but the textual research is not good." Poor exams are bound to make mistakes.

Secondly, from the historical point of view, after the destruction of Wu in the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Dan sent Huan Wen to Shu to destroy Yonghe and Cheng Han in the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During these sixty-seven years, Li's "Cheng Han" regime controlled Shu for forty-eight years, so Jin could not exercise his power in Shu. Visible, "Jin family (Jiange County) after the strike, Huan Wen into Shu reset, seek and waste" said, it is difficult to set up.

Moreover, according to the available data, the historical materials contained in Notes on Water Classics, Notes on Huayang National Records and Records of Taiping Universe all claim that Zhuge Liang defended Shu for 30 miles with a big sword and a small sword, even though the mountain was dangerous, there was a narrow road, so he cut a stone overhead and flew to the road, carved a passage, and built a pavilion with a sword gate here. Therefore, "Huayang Guozhi" said that "Hande County has thirty miles of Jiange Road, and the pavilion is in danger". "Jade Emperor Jisheng" described this incident, saying: "The ancient owner of Shu took Huo Jun as the prefect of Zitong. At one time, there was Jianmen County, which had pavilion road insurance, but had a pavilion captain." "Three Kingdoms County Table Correction" eyebrows said: "Zhuge Wuhou set up a sword gate here with a big sword, so it was called the sword gate. But Wuhou set up Jianmen, but never set up Jiange County. According to geographical records, fruit is not enough. " At that time, there was no "Jianmen County". According to several relative photos, it can be seen that Zhuge Liang's records about pavilion road, sword gate and pavilion length in Huayang National Records and Taiping Global Records were misinformed as "Jianmen County" or "Jiange County" by later generations.

Therefore, it is considered that the record of Geography of the Book of Jin is closer to historical facts.

According to the examination, Jiange County in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was ruled not by Jianmenguan, but by "the old city of Xiao Jian". Its city is in Dacangba, Sixia Town. In ancient times, there were small swords stationed here. The county was only established for 48 years, and then it was abandoned. Later, most of the counties, prefectures and prefectures of Jiange were in Pu 'an Town and other places. It was not until the second year of the Republic of China (19 13) that Jiange County was renamed Jiange County, which is still in use today.

As a place name, "Jiange" was first seen in the Book of Shu in the History of the Three Kingdoms: "(Jiang Wei) still protects Jiange and refuses (Zhong Hui)". Why is it called Jiange? Books such as Huayang Guozhi and Yu Di Guang Ji say that Zhuge Liang's pavilion road, Jianmen, Stack and Pavilion road guarded by the guards are called "Jiange Road". "Notes on Water Classics" says: "The small sword guards the north, and the big sword is thirty miles to the west. Even the mountains are dangerous, and the flying pavilion is thoroughfare, so it is called Jiange." Zhang Zai's Ming of Jiange in Jin Dynasty said: "Only the gate of Shu is Guzhen, which is called Jiange". What is a sword? Refers to the 72 peaks of Dajianshan, arranged like swords. The Story of the Sword Gate by Liu Yifeng in the Tang Dynasty said: "The cliff is interrupted and the two cliffs intersect, such as the door and the sword." It is said that its mountains are like swords and its gates are like "gates". What is a pavilion? "Shu" says: "Flying beams to build houses is called a pavilion". Pavilion Road, also called Zhanting Road, is built on the plank road where beams and boards are called stacks. In the letter of Zhuge Liang and his brother Zhu Gejin, he said, "One of its pavilion beams entered the mountainside, and the other stood in the water (Volume 1 of Complete Works of Zhuge Liang). In ancient times, from Qin to Shu, you had to go through Xiao Jian to Dajianguan, which was a dangerous road with cliffs and deep waterfalls. After Zhuge Wuhou expanded the original plank road into "Jiange Road" according to the mountain situation, the ancients often referred to "Jiange Road" as "Jiange" for short. Not only "Jiange County" got its name, but also the name "Jianzhou" came from it. The article "Yuanhe County Records Jianzhou" said: "In the second year of Tang Dynasty, Shizhou was changed to Jianzhou, hence the name Jiange".

Since the Sui Dynasty, Shaanxi and Gansu have been diverted from Meng Jia to Niutoushan, passing through the desert Su (known as the Big Tree among the people) and reaching Jianmenguan. The plank road from Xiao Jian to Dajianguan gradually abandoned, and the name of "Jiange Road" changed from the abbreviation of Jiange Road to another name of Jianmenguan. Therefore, the names "Jiange" and "Jianmen" used in many historical books from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty all refer to Jianmen Pass. After the state was transformed into a county in 2 years of the Republic of China, "Jiange" only refers to the name of the county, and it is still in use today.

Note: ① Hande County was first established as "22 years of Jian 'an" according to The History of the Later Han Dynasty Liu Zhaozhi and Huayang Guozhi. Zi Tongzhi was listed as Nineteen Years of Jian 'an; Yongzheng and Tongzhi's Annals of Jianzhou and Chuanxian are listed as "the first year of Zhangwu"; Yu Fang Sheng Lan, Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Hu Zhu, reading Yu Fang Minutes in history, and explaining the evolution of administrative regions and territories in Sichuan today are all recorded in Jiange County of Shu Han Dynasty, but they have not been used.

(2) In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Li Xi 'an, a Tang Dynasty man, quoted Huayang Guozhi as saying: "There is a danger of thirty miles of Jiange Road in Deyang County", and Liu Lin noted in Huayang Guozhi that "Deyang County is the fault of Hande County" and said that from then on.

(3) According to Zhou Shu, "The Western Wei Dynasty abolished the emperor for three years and changed Anzhou to the first state". "Abolish the emperor for two years" or "Wei Xuanwu changed from the previous two years to the first state".

(4) Yuanhe County Records: "Emperor Zhou Ming changed his martial arts to Wulian"; "Sui Shu" and other articles "The Western Wei Dynasty changed Wugong County into Yue Wulian" have since spread.

⑤ "Taiping Universe": "The Western Wei Dynasty set Tongchuan County, moved it three miles south of the county, and changed it to Anshou. Abandoned the county for three years and moved to Pu 'an County ". Sui Shu Zitong: "In the old days, the Western Wei Dynasty established Anshou, and the Emperor abolished Tongchuan County at the beginning, and the great cause changed to the county at the beginning. "From now on.

⑥ The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Yuanhe County Records, Tales of a Peaceful Universe, Records of the Land, Shu, Annals of Sichuan, Minutes of Reading Historical Records and Continued Records of Jiange County Records all say that "the state was rebuilt two years ago". And "The Jade Emperor Guang Ji" said: "The first year of birth" is wrong. Yongzheng and Tongzhi's Records of Jianzhou are recorded as "the first year of Zhenguan changed the early state to Jianzhou", which is even more inaccurate.

Second, administrative regions.

Administrative divisions before Qing dynasty

The establishment of Jiange grass-roots political power was recorded in the middle Tang Dynasty. Yuanhe County Records recorded: "At the beginning of Kaiyuan, there were eight counties and twenty-five townships in Jianzhou, and eighty-five townships in Yuanhe."

Before and after the rejuvenation of Song Taiping, there were 7 counties and 74 townships in Jianzhou, which were later merged into 60 townships. Xining county has townships, and Jianzhou county has 53 townships, 17 townships. Among them, there are 9 townships in Pu 'an County and 2 towns in Linjin and Yong 'an. Zitong county has four townships, Liangshan, Jilian, Longchi and Shangting. There are 7 townships in Xuanjia, Yin Ping County, and 3 towns in Quanmen, Bai Qing and Changping. Wulian County has five townships, and two towns, Liuchi and Changjiang (Kaifeng). Pucheng County has 8 townships and 5 towns, namely, Abundance, Mashan (Maying), Changxing, Yucheng and Xiangcheng (Shen Xiang); Jianmen County has 20 townships 1 town and 6 villages, namely Xiao Jian, Baiman, Bakan, Gu Liang, Longju and Tuoxi. After the Baojia system was changed, the Baojia system was compiled according to households, the township was changed to Dubao, and the town name was retained.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou consisted of three Li, with 1 10 households as one Li, and 1A below 10 households.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Jianzhou had jurisdiction over Pucheng, Jianmen and Guangyi townships, and each township had four townships. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), it was changed to 13 Bao, namely Pu 'an (ruling Zhoucheng), (ruling Temple), Tijen (ruling Temple), Jianyi (ruling Jianmenguan), Guang 'an (ruling Zhang), Taihe (ruling Temple) and Longli (ruling Huoshao Temple). Xuantong handled local autonomy in the second year, and Jianzhou Autonomous Region was divided into 1 city (the city was used to treat Pu 'an) and 2 towns (Chengmu Town was used to treat Yuanshan Mountain Field, and governed Guangcheng and Xiumu; Shuxin Town governs Bailongchang, Shuxin and Jian 'an Fort), 4 townships (Lihe Township governs Troy Temple, Longli and Taihe Fort); Anren Township governs Jianmenguan, Guang 'an and Jianyibao; Anping Township governs Sitian, and Sitian governs Tiren and Yunping. Dehe Township governs Wulianchang, Mingde and Puhe.

Note: ① There are 48 collations in Yuan Feng Jiu Yu Zhi: Qian Ben and Lu Mu are all ten townships.

Jiange Administrative Region of the Republic of China

2 years (19 13), Jianzhou was changed to Jiange County. In the third year of the Republic of China, the abandoned cities, towns, townships and counties were changed to the original 13 regiment, with the same name and area. After that, the Jian 'an group was divided into one or two groups, and the county 14 group.

/kloc-in 0/9, the group was changed to a district, Pu 'an was divided into a first district and a second district, and Longli was divided into an upper district and a lower district, with a total of 16 district offices.

In the autumn of 24 years, the 16 district was reorganized and merged into six regional departments. The first and second districts of Pu 'an are the first district (treating Pu 'an), the second districts of Mingde, Guangcheng and Puhe are the second district (treating Wulian), the second districts of Xiumu and Jian 'an are the third district (treating Yuanshan), the first district of Shuxin, Jian 'an and Longli is the fourth district (treating the main temple of soil), and the upper districts of Taihe, Guang 'an and Longli are the fifth district (treating the estuary). There are 364 guarantees under the joint guarantee. In June of 2005, the county established 4 districts, 26 joint insurance companies, 255 joint insurance companies and 2638A joint insurance companies.

In August of 29, the new county system was implemented, the joint guarantee was cancelled, and villages and towns were established. The whole county is divided into 4 districts (the first district was cut off and changed into the guidance district), 7 towns, 10 township, 14 1. Bao,1931a.

In February of the 30th year of the Republic of China, Jiange reorganized the administrative district and Garbo, cut the third district as the guidance district, and expanded Garbo in towns and villages, with a total of 377 Garbo, 3809A. In 3 1 year of the Republic of China, it was renamed the fourth area Department as the guidance area, and the 1 district department was set up (it was also withdrawn and changed to the guidance area in the following year), and there were three guidance areas, including the county 1 town, 25 townships, 339 insurance and 3232a. In 34 years of the Republic of China, the county decided to set up towns, with Pu 'an Town as the first-class town, and the remaining 25 towns as the second-class towns, and the insurance premium rate was adjusted to 373.

In 35 years of the Republic of China, the county was divided into three guiding areas, 1 town, 25 townships, 369 Bao, 36 13A. The first district governs 9 townships, namely Puan Town, Beimiao, Ximiao, Liugou, Wulian, Long Yuan, Bailong, Yangcun and Beiya, 132 Bao,1303a; The second district governs 9 towns and villages: Yuanshan, Renhe, Baoshi, Zhedi, Kaifeng, Maying, Jinxian, 154 Bao,1486a; The third district governs eight townships, namely, Jiangkou, Zhang Wang, Hanyang, Jianmen,, Hema, 83 Fort and 827a. In 36 years of the Republic of China, the county's polyphony was divided into four pilot areas and 373 guarantees.

In 37 years of the Republic of China, the villages and towns remained unchanged, and Garbo was reduced to 207 Garbo and 2494A. In 38 years of the Republic of China, the number of Jiabao in villages and towns remained unchanged.

Soviet administrative region

1In April, 935, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants set up three county sovereigns in Jiange, and then set up district, township and village sovereigns under the county. Pu 'an, West Temple, North Temple, Chaoshou, Wulian, Guanpu, Jinxian, Yuanshan, Dianzi, Shicheng, Trojan Horse, Chihua and other Soviet areas 12. Set up one township, two townships, three townships, four townships, five townships, Liugou, Maoba, Liangshan, Yixing, Wulian, Beimiao, Long Yuan, Tianjiashan, Tianjia, Baitu, Gaoguan, Hanyang, Tianshengqiao, Jianmen, Si Xia, Saburo, Ma Lu, Yuanshan, Feast and Wanghe. New China Jiange Administrative Region

1 950,65438+10, Jiange county has four district offices, namely, Chengguan, Yuanshan, Bailong and Jiange, which govern 25 townships in1. 195 1 year in March, the administrative division was adjusted, and the county was divided into 8 districts, 1 town, 63 townships and 470 villages. In May, 7 1 township was added in Jiangshi, Jiansheng, Liuya, Maoba, Huilong, Gongxing, Shiban and Wenbi.

1952, major adjustment of administrative divisions. Two new districts of Renhe and He Ling and six towns of Ganshui, heming, Qiaodian, Guandian, Shiyan and Yaojia will be built. The sequence of administrative districts is Zone 1 (Chengguan), Zone 2 (Wulian), Zone 3 (Kaifeng), Zone 4 (Yuanshan), Zone 5 (Renhe), Zone 6 (Jinxian), Zone 7 (He Ling), Zone 8 (Bailong), Zone 9 (Jiangkou) and Zone 10 (Hanyang), with 65,438 administrative districts.

1953 65438+ 10, there were eleven districts (liugou) in Huaxi Temple, Ganshui, Liugou, Maoba and Yixing townships, and the district department was renamed as the district office. In June, new townships such as Sihe, Guanlong, Baiya and Liangshan were built. The county covers 1 1 district, 1 town and 77 townships. Soon, all five districts were transferred to Zitong County, which is also 10 district, 1 town, and 7 1 township. 1July, 954, Dongxing Township and Five Blessingg Township were added. 65438+ February, Maying Township was placed under Zitong.

1February, 955, Ximiao, Ganshui and Liangshan were placed in the first district, while Maogou, Maoba and Yixing were placed in the second district, and 72 townships in the ninth district. On June+10, 5438, the tenth district office was abolished, and its township was directly under the jurisdiction of the county people's Committee. In February 65438, the first, second and District 9 offices were abolished, leaving five district offices, all named after Zhi Zhi. Villages and towns were reorganized and merged into 37 villages and towns, 1 town. 1 in July, 1957, the four districts of Chengguan, Wulian, Jiangkou and Hanyang were restored to district committees (grass-roots organizations of the Party), and the ninth district 16 13 agricultural production cooperatives,137 townships.

In April 1958, suburban towns and villages were added, with 38 towns and villages. In September, the people's commune was realized, and the administrative and social integration system was implemented, and the township was changed to the people's commune.

196 1 May, some communes were adjusted, and people's communes such as Wenxi, Yao Jia, Jiangshi, Tumen, Gongdian, Shigu, Chuiquan, Liangshan, Roaring Lion, Qiaodian, Lianghe, Shiban, Gaoguan and Xiao Jian were built. By planning Ximiao, Liangshan, Yixing, Maogou and Chuiquan, Liugou District will be rebuilt. In February 65438, there were 57 people's communes in Baiya, Maoba, Quanlong, Shuimo and Guangping. 1March, 962, there were three people's communes: Liuya, heming and Maden. In September 1963, five district offices, including Chengguan, were restored. By 1965, the county has 10 districts, 1 town, 60 people's communes, 53 1 production brigade and 3,369 production teams.

1966165438+1October 17, with the approval of the provincial people's Committee and Mianyang organization, the street offices and 52 communes named after place names were changed to new names with "revolutionary significance": the north temple is called five stars, the Yao family is called Shuangfeng, the cigarette shop is called Venus, and Long Yuan is called Xinmin. Maoba is called Red Light, West Temple is called Red Star, Liangshan is called Hongfeng, Wulian is called Mayday, lanterns are called Red Light, Xiuzhong is called Spark, Kaifeng is called Workers and Peasants, Gaochi is called Lighthouse, Shui Ying is called Forward, Bowl Spring is called Xinhua, Tumen is called Dongsheng, Yuanshan is called Leap Forward, Wanghe is called Dawn, Playing Saints is called Light, Ancient Patriotism, Zheba is called Dawn, Arch Star is called Forward, and Circle Dragon is called Hongqixiang. Yangxi is called Long March, Shuimo is called Liberation, Qiaodian is called Construction, Taiping is called Avantgarde, Bailong is called Victory, Shop is called Yongxing, North Asia is called Hongya, Slate is called Gao Feng, Two Rivers is called New Life, Guangping is called Future, Zhang Wang is called Upstream, Troy is called Happiness, Gaoguan is called Glory, Baiya is called Guanghua, Hanyang is called Yongsheng, and Longevity is called New Victory. 1967, which restored the original names of districts and communes.

1968 May 1 1 After the establishment of Jiange County Revolutionary Committee, all districts, communes and brigades set up revolutionary committees and production teams set up revolutionary leading groups.

198 1 During the census of geographical names, Chengguan District was renamed Longquan, Chengguan Town was renamed Pu 'an Town, and the commune was renamed as follows: Suburb changed to Jiancheng, Dongxing changed to Dongbao, Tumen changed to Guoguang, Fuxing changed to Changling, Taiping changed to Yangling, Shuimo changed to Jinping, slate changed to Bell, and two rivers changed to Hefeng, which also gave some brigades with the same name new names. At the beginning of 1984, the administrative divisions at the grass-roots level in Jiange County were adjusted, the government and society were separated, the township organizational system was restored, and the production brigade and production team were changed to resident villages and groups. In June, Jiancheng Town withdrew into Pu 'an Town. 1985 65438+ 10, Yuanshan, Kaifeng, Bailong, Wulian, Jianmen and Long Yuan were transformed into towns. 1985 10, Jiangkou, Gongxing, He Ling and Dongbao townships were transformed into towns. By the end of the year, it will be divided into 10 district, 1 1 town, 49 townships, 529 villages and 3474 villagers' groups. In 1989, Liugou and Hanyang were newly built as towns. The county consists of 10 districts, 13 towns, 47 townships, 529 villages, 3,479 villagers' groups, 20 urban residents' committees and 68 residents' groups. 199 1 year, the 132 group of 20 villages in Shangsi, Si Xia and Puguang towns in Guangyuan Central District was placed under the jurisdiction of Jiange County, and Si Xia District was newly built. Up to now, the county consists of 1 1 district, 14 town, 49 township, 549 village, 36 1 1 villagers' groups, 20 urban residents' committees and 68 residents' groups.