Mysterious Wealth Anecdote _ Mysterious Video Anecdote

China's news communication lacks humanistic care.

Abstract: China media is in the transition period of administrative monopoly and capital attraction. On the one hand, the government monopolizes the operation of the media; On the other hand, advertisers restrict the media.

The reality shows that the contemporary media in China have really re-recognized and paid attention to the audience, but objectively speaking, the existing humanistic care of the media is quite meager compared with the humanistic care needed by the audience, although it has begun to pay attention to the living conditions of the vulnerable groups and the public. It is undeniable that the expression of humanistic care in contemporary communication is neither sufficient nor profound. The main reason is that there is a paradox in the self-positioning of the media. Theoretically, it knows that it is the guide and educator of the public, but in fact, it lingers between the imperial envoys who are bossing around and the waiters who are all smiles. In fact, the root of this paradox is that the media are impetuous, eager for quick success and instant benefit, and lack of rational thinking on humanistic care, which leads to biased and superficial news concepts. However, only by taking real humanistic care, that is, scientific and rational humanistic care, can the media correctly position itself, have the greatest persuasion and appeal, and successfully complete the responsibility of guidance and supervision.

The media in China went to extremes in the process of injecting humanistic care and "showing people suddenly". Under the trend of market interests, visual news is widely used in communication, and people's senses are strongly stimulated. This kind of "spiritual activity that has to be carried out for money will make people feel the denial of the essence of a complete person." This kind of communication only regards the audience as natural people and instinctive people, and lacks emotional guidance and rational promotion to the public. Obviously, this is a simple understanding of human beings, a neglect of human subjectivity and a violation of the principle of humanistic care. From this perspective, contemporary communication lacks a profound philosophical grasp of "people" as the audience. Marx once discussed the concept of man: "man"? If this refers to the category of "ordinary people", then he has no need at all; If it refers to an isolated person standing in front of nature, then he should be regarded as a non-social animal; If this is a person living in any social form, then the starting point is that he should have the nature of a social person, that is, a certain nature of the society in which he lives, because here, production, that is, the process of his obtaining means of subsistence, has already had one social nature or another. "In short, human nature includes naturalness and sociality, and people have their own material and spiritual needs. More importantly, people's sociality. As people living in society, there must be contradictions between reason and emotion, between material desire and spiritual pursuit, between individuals and other social people and the surrounding environment. They are the unity of various contradictions. Therefore, the contemporary media should treat people in an all-round way, proceed from the essential stipulation of people, realize the all-round respect for people's rationality and emotion, rationality and irrationality, present the external world to the audience truly and objectively, advocate returning to the truth, goodness and beauty of human nature, establish a healthy and positive social concept system, and promote people's all-round development and mutual assistance.

At present, the media do more sympathy and care for people, but in this kind of so-called goodwill care, they often violate the privacy of others at will, ignore the psychology of news figures and audiences, and cause substantial harm to the audience. This lofty sympathy and perfunctory care make people feel deeper indifference, which has nothing to do with real humanistic care. True humanistic care is not a general concern and expression of goodwill, nor an abstract humanitarianism and empty fraternity spirit, but only tears and sympathy. It reveals the inner spirit, character, belief, ideal and dignity of ordinary people, and carries forward the virtues of simplicity, tenacity, kindness and mutual assistance, which are the truth, goodness and beauty of people themselves that humanistic care insists on. This moral value exists to promote society.

There is a news concept called "news standard". People who carry out this concept regard facts, communicators, receivers, communication channels and news information as all links in news communication, and regard news information as ontology. Therefore, when news disseminators choose news, they only take whether the event has the so-called "news value", that is, whether it is unusual, whether it is curious, whether it can satisfy people's curiosity, whether it can cause a sensation, and even blindly cater to some people's low tastes, which eventually leads to a decline in the taste of the media and is not conducive to the purification of social atmosphere. It is true that news pursues novelty and is eager to cause a sensation, which is understandable. The crux of the problem is that under the guidance of this news concept, the most important factor "people" in news is often ignored, and people's eyes only focus on the development of the situation, ignoring the feelings of the people who play the leading role. The people who watch (watch, listen to) the news are just a group of curious onlookers. And the list goes on. Western bourgeois journalists believe in a principle: dogs biting people are not news, but people biting people are news. This exaggeration is nothing more than to emphasize the novelty of news events. It is said that some foreign media reported the incident of people biting dogs, not to mention whether the news is true or not. From the incident itself, what is the significance of this report to the parties? Can he (she) feel the concern of the society and get spiritual comfort from it? On the contrary, maybe the client will be regarded as a madman by others from now on! In addition, what is the significance of this to a wide audience? ! Are they really happy because they got anecdotes from mysterious stories? Or do you realize the meaning or essence of life from it? Most likely, in the long run, the audience's interest in appreciation will drop a lot.

The lack of humanistic care in China's news dissemination is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

(A) the generalization and simplification of humanistic care.

Since the cultural and ideological circles started a great discussion on humanistic spirit in the 1990s, terms such as "humanism", "humanism" and "humanistic care" have emerged one after another, from the descent of social elites to the world, which is almost known to women and children. At the beginning of the new century, after the new development concept of "people-oriented" was put forward by the CPC Central Committee, "people-oriented" and "humanistic care" were out of control, forming a strange situation of "caring for what you say". Humanistic spirit and humanistic care have been seriously generalized. For example, praising some work within the authority of the power department is a manifestation of the generalization of humanistic care. According to the Beijing Morning Post reported on June 6, 2005, Jiang, former director of the State Taxation Bureau of Xuchang City, Henan Province, was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of 12 years by the court for accepting bribes and huge amounts of property with unknown sources. Jiang thanked the procuratorate in court, because in the investigation, Xuchang City Procuratorate fully reflected humanistic care and judicial integrity. So how does the procuratorate achieve "humanistic care"? According to the report, "In the investigation, considering that Jiang is older, has arthritis and high blood pressure, the procuratorate specially arranged a better room for him; When the weather turned cold, the prosecutor sent Jiang bedding and clothes in time. When searching for Jiang Guo officials, prosecutors strictly distinguish between legal property and stolen money. " . A netizen named "whose sword is in the northwest" asked inexplicably on the forum: "Isn't this what the procuratorate should do? Regardless of "humanistic care", should an elderly suspect (whether he is corrupt or hurtful) live in a "worse" room at work? Should we leave him naked when it is cold? Don't strictly distinguish between legal property and stolen money? If this kind of work is also called "humanistic care", can't it be called "humanistic care" if the public security bureau doesn't beat and scold criminal suspects, prisons don't abuse prisoners, and township cadres don't arrest people when collecting taxes? Since the new concept of "people-oriented" was put forward, "humanistic care" has quickly become a popular word. Every time I heard this word before, it always made people feel a little warm, but now with its abuse, we are only bored. " (Xinhuanet 65438+20051October 6) In fact, the real reason is that we are used to the living environment and don't care. Now, some people are "merciful" and give a little "care", but we are flattered and sigh that society has indeed made progress. It is understandable if only ordinary people don't realize this problem, but the media with high overall cultural quality are also praising these "precious humanistic care spirits", which makes people feel sad.

(b) Neglect and discrimination against vulnerable groups

The media in China is in the era of administrative monopoly and capital attraction. On the one hand, the government monopolizes the operation of the media; On the other hand, advertisers restrict the media. In this way, a large number of vulnerable groups who are unable to consume or have a serious shortage of consumption power have been forgotten by the media. First of all, this situation is manifested in the fact that there are too few pages and channels left by the media for the disadvantaged groups in society and the intensity of reporting is too small. For example, there are few reports about migrant workers in cities, only sporadic and trivial reports can be seen, and most of the reports only stay on issues such as wage arrears for migrant workers and education for their children, without a comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the overall living conditions of migrant workers, and the reporting level is very shallow. The same is true of laid-off workers and new unemployed groups. It is also worth noting that many (or most) journalists often follow the ranks of send warm at all levels when reporting on the government's care for the needy. The focus of the report is not the difficulties of the disadvantaged groups, but the care of the leaders, which highlights the image of the party and the government serving the people everywhere. The difficulties of vulnerable groups are only an aid to highlight this image. Are there too few artificial lenses and photos we have seen in this pose? Is this a real concern? We have to put a big question mark. It can be seen that our media does not really put people living at the bottom of society in an important position, which is obviously contrary to the sacred duty of socialist journalism.

In addition, in recent years, the media like to report on the dark side of society very much, and they expose the dark side of the bottom of society by unannounced visits and undercover. Wherever the law enforcement team goes, our reporters follow. There are endless reports about black-hearted cotton, black sausages and underground sex workers, even reporting beggars and vagrants with great fanfare, without exploring in depth what causes these phenomena. Is it just because the disadvantaged groups are greedy for money and shameless? Finally, the content of news reports often ignores the vulnerable groups. The social news column "Serving Home" of a TV station in Nanjing once reported that an old man in the countryside had a strange disease and needed to keep walking. Otherwise, when he stops, he will gasp heavily and even faint. Even eating with intravenous drip should be done with the help of family members. Many doctors can't cure it. When the program reported the news, it was not from the perspective of trying to cure the old man, but with a curious eye and a teasing tone. The background music used in the news turned out to be rock songs, playing the scene of patients eating while walking in fast forward mode. It seems that reporters and directors think this is very interesting. This makes people laugh and cry. Let's look at the news of another local TV station with the headline "Action of fortune tellers and word tellers in urban areas": the police car stopped in front of a building, the law enforcement officers got off the bus, walked to a fortune-telling booth in front of the building and pulled up an old man of 70 or 80 years old. The old man was so scared that he sat down on the ground and begged, while law enforcement officers lifted the old man up and dragged him to a police car more than ten meters away. Other law enforcers confiscated fortune-telling and word-measuring tools on the spot and burned them. And this thin old man's mouth has been pleading: "I change, I change, you leave me alone." Judging from this TV news, it is obvious that TV stations are on the side of law enforcement personnel, and it is certainly reasonable to explicitly oppose feudal superstitious activities. However, has our reporter ever wondered why the old man did such an indecent thing at home at that age without enjoying family happiness? How did the old man live after his tools were burned? Besides this old man, what about other people engaged in superstitious activities? Why there are still a lot of ignorant and superstitious activities in civilized society. There are too many questions, but how many media have seriously thought about it? ! Our reporter didn't go deep into this investigation, probably because he thought such people were too ordinary and had no news "value". And this idea itself is not indifference and discrimination against vulnerable groups? The crux of the problem is that our society often overemphasizes the need for individuals to obey the overall interests of society and ignores the legitimate rights of individuals to survive and develop.

(3) Inadvertently reporting privacy

Generally speaking, the right of privacy refers to a kind of personality right that citizens enjoy the peace of private life and private information is protected according to law, and they are not illegally harassed, informed, collected, used and made public by others. 1 The invasion of citizens' privacy by the media in China mainly involves the privacy of public figures and minors. The former, such as the famous film director Xiaogang Feng, once swore in an interview with an entertainment media, because the media published his detailed address publicly, so that his home was repeatedly harassed by strangers, which interfered with his normal life. Feng claimed to resort to legal means to solve the problem. This is a typical example of media invading the privacy of "celebrities". What's more, some media never let go of public figures who died, catching shadows, speculating about their deaths and their living conditions, ignoring the pain of the families of the deceased, and maliciously excavating and speculating their private information before their death. The report on the death of singer Gao Feng is a typical example. This is not only a disrespect for the deceased and their relatives, but also a fundamental manifestation of society's disrespect for people.

In addition, the media has not done enough to protect the privacy of minors. The correct way to report minors is that without the consent of the parties concerned, the news should not disclose their names, places of birth, home addresses and all information that may infer their true identity. Also be careful not to hint at the content of the relationship between the defendant and the child itself. For example, in 2003120, 65438, a newspaper reported that a girl under the age of 14 was infected with five sexually transmitted diseases because she went out to work and entered a brothel by mistake. Although pseudonyms were used in the report and the pictures were treated accordingly, some relevant information, such as the location and time of the incident, was inadvertently revealed, which made it easier for some "people with a heart" to infer the true identity of the parties. Minors are vulnerable groups, and they are unable to protect their rights and interests from harm. Our media must be more careful and can't hurt them any more. In fact, respecting citizens' right to privacy is the minimum requirement for news media. If you can't even do this or do it improperly, let alone humanistic care.

(D) Lack of humanistic care in disaster reporting

At present, there are some problems in China's media coverage of sudden major events: first, they don't report, thinking that catastrophic events will easily bring material and spiritual harm to the audience, and reporting will cause social panic, and they will only report after the incident has passed or not at all. Second, the report is not timely and sufficient, and the delay, delay and briefing of some major events can hardly satisfy the audience's concern about the development of the situation. The media often simply express disasters as lifeless figures such as casualties, property losses and economic losses, which shows the lack of real fear of life. Third, it pays too much attention to speaking from the standpoint of the government. After the disaster, instead of focusing on the affected people, we greatly exaggerated how the party and the government cared about the affected people and how all sectors of society gave generously and sang the hymn of "one side is in trouble and all sides support", but put the cause, development, loss, severity and situation of the victims in a secondary position. Fourth, the way of interview and reporting is improper, without considering the feelings of the affected people, and lacking care for people's spirit and feelings. For example, the scene where the first black box was salvaged from the water in the "5.7" air crash was filmed and adopted by many media. The photo shows that when the black box was salvaged from the water, the staff present couldn't help clapping their hands. Although the record is true, did we ever think about what the relatives of the victims would think when they saw the cheering scene during the editing process? When interviewing the families of the victims, a reporter put his hand through the microphone and asked, "Can you talk about the feeling of losing loved ones?" ?

There are many reasons for the lack and dislocation of humanistic care in disaster news reports, including institutional reasons, the drive of practical interests, the indifference of traditional communication concepts to humanistic care, the lack of rational constraints and some technical mistakes, but in the final analysis, it is the lack of humanistic spirit of communicators. For example, satisfying the audience's right to know seems to have nothing to do with humanistic spirit, but the right to know is one of the basic rights of people in the contemporary information society, because information is the most important resource. If the audience can't fully understand the important information related to themselves, others and society in time, it is really a major dereliction of duty of the media. It is no exaggeration to say that satisfying the audience's right to know is the first and greatest humanistic concern of the news media. If you can't do this, no amount of other care will be unnecessary.

(5) disrespect for women

There are more and more questions about women in news reports. Generally speaking, there are the following aspects: first, the number of reports about women is very small, which shows that women are not paid enough attention. In March 2000, only 4.5% of People's Daily reported on women, and even less reported on women's issues. Secondly, there is discrimination against the image orientation of women. According to Jinyang's report. From June 5438 to February 28, 2002, a recent survey conducted by Huakun Women's Survey Center showed that 80% of the women interviewed thought that "the publicity and reports about women are mostly entertaining and life-oriented, and less professional", "women are in a weak position, and there are fewer images of the strong", "the news reports about women in major domestic media are difficult to be placed in a prominent position" and "women play an auxiliary role" Third. The concept of chastity is a spiritual shackle that helps men possess women from body to soul. Nowadays, this backward feudal concept of chastity still has a market. 1997, Tang Shengli, a girl from Sichuan, jumped from a building and was injured and disabled because she didn't want to be a chaperone. The media seized the incident and rushed to report it. However, some articles do not emphasize her precious spirit of safeguarding human rights and dignity, but emphasize her noble character of "preferring death to be a flower protector" and "preferring death to be unyielding", saying that she "protects her innocence by donating blood". These erroneous ideological tendencies have had a very bad influence. For a time, incidents similar to "Tang Shengli" occurred in various places, and many young girls were disabled. The responsibility of the media is too great. Fourth, there are reports of insulting women. One of the most typical remarks is the "female curse theory". This was originally a reactionary historical view that the ruling class in feudal society pushed the responsibility of court corruption and corrupt folk customs on women. However, it is really sad that this silly and ridiculous concept still exists in today's news reports. For example, many media blamed the corruption of government officials on their families, and reported the news that a training class was held for the wife of the top leader of the party organization to cultivate a "clean government gang". Dahe newspaper also used a vulgar title: a good woman is a school, and a good cadre's wife edifies her. There is even a female publication saying: "The ideological style and image of a leading cadre are closely related to the influence of his spouse. If the pillow wind blows frequently, leading cadres are bound to plan for individuals or small families first, and even corrupt. " What ridiculous remarks! The news media generally choose the news to be reported mainly by whether the event itself has traditional news value. In such a value system, people are placed in a secondary or even insignificant position. Obviously, this violates the spirit of humanistic care and is not conducive to the all-round progress of society and people. In a word, news can't just look at things without looking at people.

Precautions:

1 Zhang Baoxin: Legal Protection of Privacy, Beijing Popular Publishing House 1997.

2. Media Should Pay Attention to Humanistic Care-Reflections on Some Current News Reports, Journal of Ningxia University, No.5, 2003.

3 Ma Shoumin: Gender Discrimination in News Reports, Journalist, No.6, 2000.