Classical Chinese translation in senior high school.

Confucius said: "Human nature is similar, and people are different, so they gradually become different." It is said that people's likes and dislikes are the same, but they change in different ways. Restrain your thoughts and actions, you will not be addicted, and your ambition to indulge in playthings will be gone. Therefore, saints guide people to cultivate their temperament, control and restrain people's indulgence, carefully choose the people they make and control their preferences. Although human feelings and things are different, the content composition is also different, but when it comes to cultivating temperament and rectifying customs, the reason is the same. At the end of the spring and autumn period, the world was frivolous and deceitful, and benevolence and morality declined, but they also expanded their power in the name of benevolence and righteousness and established their own political achievements under the banner of loyalty and righteousness. If the behavior conforms to justice, the powerful opponent will be guilty and short of breath; Even a humble servant can tell the truth when he says something wrong. Perhaps it is the style left by predecessors' sages, which can be imitated. During the Warring States period, benevolence and righteousness declined, and treachery and fallacy prevailed. The strong win by force, and the weak are bullied because they are not treacherous enough. Some people will even get millions of dollars for planning half a plan, and they will be rewarded with jewels when they come up with an idea. Some officials came on foot and seized power. They took off their straw clothes and were promoted to Qing Xiang. Scholars try their best to sophistry, because the fundamental point is to gain personal gain, so everyone has no agreement but follows like a shadow following an object. Since then, people's hobbies have advocated mutual substitution. With the changes of the times, that kind of atmosphere can't be preserved and that kind of ills can't be recovered.

By the time Emperor Gaozu pacified the world by force, a large number of brave men appeared, with loose national laws and regulations and simple and loose etiquette regulations. Everyone inherited the legacy of the Four Gentlemen of the Warring States Period. Everyone has the idea of transcending the monarch, despising life and death and valuing loyalty. Revenge and kindness will surely return. Laws and regulations were formulated and implemented in individuals' homes, power fell into the hands of humble civilians, and heroic deeds formed the atmosphere at that time. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people who advocate Confucianism and carry classics with them can be found everywhere, resulting in disputes and debates in Shiqu Pavilion, local attacks between schools, and people who dance with literature and ink. Through Wang Mang's deliberate disguise, he finally usurped the political power. Loyal people are ashamed of being sealed as officials, so they are proud of traveling in seclusion and rich in poverty. Even though the national movement was destined to revive and Liu Han was in power again, people still maintained a clean and honest life, admired each other, learned more, and refused to be an official. During the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, the monarch indulged in social and political chaos and left state affairs to eunuchs and eunuchs. Honest people regard working with eunuchs as a great shame, so ordinary people are angry and disobey their orders, and hermits criticize state affairs. As a result, their reputation spread everywhere, flaunting each other's comments, judging officials and commenting on officials, and praising and criticizing the court at will, and it became popular from then on.

Things that people in the upper position like will be too popular below, and correcting bends must be a little more than straightening. The truth of the matter is this. People like Fan Pang and James Zhang, who are abstinent and detest evil, are finally regarded as disorderly parties. Right?

When Emperor Huan was a Hou, he studied with Zhou Fu, a native of Ganling, and when he ascended the throne, he promoted Zhou Fu to be a minister. At this time, where was his fellow countryman? At that time, the court was very prestigious. He made up a ballad for them in Ganling, saying, "The model of the world is the square, and Zhou is the teacher and the official." The guests of the two families taunted each other and attacked each other, so they formed their own cronies and gradually became contradictory. Since then, there have been two schools in Ganling, from which party member Theory originated. Later, the Governor of Runan appointed Gong Cao, and the Governor of Nanyang also handed over the power to Gong Cao Cenlian. People in the two counties also compiled a ballad for them, saying, "The satrap of Runan is a model, and the founder of Nanyang just draws a circle. The magistrate of Nanyang is Cen Gongxiao, and the people of Hongnong just sit there and shout. " As these ballads were introduced into imperial academy, more than 30,000 Confucian scholars, led by Guo and Jia, exchanged praises with Chen Fan and Wang Chang. Imperial College said that they said, "The model in the world is Li Yuanli, Chen Zhongju is not afraid of rape, and Wang Shumao is the best in the world." In addition, Wei Qiqing, an advanced person in Bohai, who helps the wind, dares to speak out and does not avoid strongmen. No one is not afraid of their criticism and is eager to make friends with them.

At that time, Zhang Cheng, a native of Hanoi, was good at feng shui fortune telling. He predicted that there would be an amnesty in the world to let his son kill people. Mars served as He Nanyin and urged him to be arrested and brought to justice. Soon, he was pardoned, and Mars became more angry and resentful. Finally, he was tried and killed. When Rizo used divination to make friends with eunuchs, the emperor often asked him about divination. Zhang Cheng's student supervisor later wrote a letter falsely accusing Mars and others of letting imperial academy Confucian scholars wander around, making friends with students from various counties, and forming a private party together, slandering and attacking the court, disturbing and corrupting customs. So the son of heaven was furious, issued imperial edicts to various counties and countries, arrested private party members, published the world, and let everyone condemn it together, so he arrested Mars and others. Their confessions implicate more than 200 people, including Chen Ya. Some of them escaped without being caught, and they all offered a reward for their arrest. Messengers run and meet on the road. In the second year, Shang Huoqiao and Dou Wu, a captain of the city gate, went to the table to intercede for them. When the emperor's anger subsided a little, they were all pardoned and returned to the village, and they were not allowed to be officials for life. The name of private party member is still recorded in the palace.

Since then, honest people have been exiled, evil villains have prevailed, and the world has respected the ethos, so they advertised each other, put forward world celebrities and gave them special titles. The first class is called "three kings", the second class is called "eight kings", the third class is called "eight aunts", the third class is called "eight ladies" and the third class is called "eight kitchens", just like the ancient "eight yuan" and "eight opening". Dou Wu, Liu Shu and Chen Fan are "three kings". By monarch, I mean they have been respected all their lives. , Xun Yu, Wang Chang, Lu You,,, Zhu? They are the "eight handsome guys", and the so-called handsome guys mean that they are the elite of mankind. Guo, Zong Ci, Basu, Xia Fu,,, Cai Yan and Yang Yi are "eight cares". The so-called concern is that they can guide people with moral behavior. James Zhang, Cen Can, Liu Biao, Sean, Kong Yu, Yuan Kang, Tan Fu and Chao Zhai are "eight harmonies". The so-called harmony is to guide people to follow respected sages. Duchamp, Zhang Miao, Wang Kao, Liu Ru, Hu Muban, Qin Zhou, Fan Xiang and Zhang Wang are the "eight famous chefs". The so-called chef means that he can save a life with his own property.

In addition, fellow villagers, adhering to Zhong Changlan's last wish, wrote to report that they had mutual names with 24 fellow villagers, formed a party for personal gain, and plotted to harm the country. Together with Tan Bin, Chu Feng, Zhang Su, Lan Xue, Feng Xi, Wei Xuan and Xu Gan, Tian Lin, Zhang Yin, Liu Biao, Yu Xue, Wang Fang, Liu Zuo, Xuan Jing and Gong Xugong are called "Eight Concern", and together with Zhu Kai, Tian Pan, Yi Dan and Xue Dun are called "Eight Concern". After the imperial edict of the spirit emperor deleted the names in the book, people were arrested according to the list. Da Changqiu Cao Jie took this opportunity to hint that the competent officials demanded the arrest of the former private party party member, such as the former Taifu, the Shaofu of Changle Palace and a captain Zhu? , Yingchuan satrap Basu, Pei Guoxiang, Xun Yi, Hanoi satrap, satrap, Ren, Pang, etc. 100 people all died in prison. Some of the remaining people died early and missed it, while others took refuge and fled. Since then, people with personal grievances have taken the opportunity to frame each other, and all the small grievances that have been glared at have entered the private party case. In addition, states and counties are adhering to the will of their superiors, and some people who have no blood relationship at all have also suffered this scourge. Six or seven hundred people were executed, exiled and imprisoned.

In the fifth year of Xiping, Cao Luan, the satrap of Yongchang, wrote a letter to defend party member, and his words were very straightforward and sincere. When the emperor saw this paper, he was very angry. He immediately ordered Li Si and Yizhou to arrest Cao Luan with a prison car and send him to Li Huai prison to torture him to death. So he ordered the prefectures and counties to re-examine the father, son and brother of the party's student subordinates, and all the officials were removed from office and imprisoned, including their five-clothing relatives.

In the second year of Guanghe, Shang Lu and Haishu, the county magistrate, said, "According to the etiquette, we must separate from our ancestors, and the blood relationship between them is light and far away. Now imprisoning party member, including their five families, violates both classic clauses and ordinary laws. " The emperor woke up after reading it, and the imprisonment of partisans was revoked except for his ancestors.

In the first year of Zhong Ping, the yellow turban insurrectionary thief rose up and rebelled. Lv Qiang, a servant of China, reported to the emperor, "party member has been imprisoned for a long time, and people are dissatisfied with it. If they don't forgive for a long time, it is easy to collude with Zhang Jiao, and the turmoil is getting bigger and bigger, and regret can't be saved. " The emperor was worried about what he said, so he pardoned the members of the private party and all the families exiled by punishment returned to their hometowns. Later, the yellow turban insurrectionary army gradually became stronger, the court and the outside world fell apart, and the law disappeared.

Party activities began in Ganling and Runan, and were formed in Mars and James Zhang. The world has been troubled for more than 20 years, and all the people involved are outstanding talents in the world. Thirty-five people, including the "Three Kings" and "Eight Kings", all have their names and deeds, which are recorded here together. There are also biographies of Chen Fan, Dou Wu, Wang Chang, Liu Biao and Guo. Xun Yu attached his grandfather's Biography of Xun Shu. Zhang Miao attached the biography of Lu Bu. Hu Muban is attached to Yuan Shaochuan. Wang Kao, whose real name is Wen Zu, is a defender of Dongping country and a secretariat of Jizhou; Qin Zhou is a native of Qiu Ping and Beihai, Chenliu County. Fan Xiang, whose name is Jiajing and Lu Guoren, is a doctor; Zhang Wang is a native of Qucheng, Donglai County, and a low-level government official. Their status and deeds are not remarkable. The story of the Taishou is recorded in Biography of Chen Fan, but its writing and native place are not clear. Zhu? Pei Ren died in prison with others. Only Zhao Dian recorded his name.