Confucius is a man. Is he manly?

Confucius (55 1- 479) was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.

Erudition and academic contribution

Less "poor", longer, once served as "Commissioner" (accountant) and "farm" (animal husbandry) and so on. Learn from an ordinary teacher. According to legend, Li was invited, learned the truth of being a man from Changhong, and learned the piano from this teacher. Gather disciples to give lectures and engage in political activities. At the age of 50, he was promoted as a shepherd by the governor of Lu, and took photos of the incident. Later, he traveled around Song, Wei, Chen, Cai, Qi, Chu and other countries, claiming, "If you are useful to me, what about the Eastern Zhou Dynasty?" Finally, it is useful. In his later years, he devoted himself to education, sorted out ancient literature such as poems and books, and edited the Spring and Autumn Annals written by Lu historians, which became China's first chronological historical work. According to legend, there are 3,000 disciples, including more than 70 famous (sages). His thought is centered on "benevolence", which means "love". Put forward the arguments of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "stand if you want, and reach if you want", advocate the principle of "loyalty and forgiveness", and think that the implementation of "benevolent policy" should be based on "courtesy": "self-denial, courtesy is benevolence". He is skeptical about the religious superstition of ghosts and gods since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and thinks that "you can't be a ghost if you don't know his life" and "you can't be a gentleman if you don't know his life". It also pays attention to the combination of "learning" and "thinking", and puts forward the viewpoints of "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous" and "reviewing the old and learning the new". Advocate the atmosphere of teaching in private schools, advocate teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, "teach without distinction", "never tire of learning, never tire of teaching", and emphasize that "a gentleman learns to love others, while a villain learns to learn easily". Politically, he put forward the idea of "correcting the name", thinking that "Jun Jun, minister, father and son" should be worthy of the name, and put forward the viewpoint of "not suffering from inequality, not suffering from poverty, but suffering from worry". Since the Western Han Dynasty, Confucius' theory has become the cultural orthodoxy of feudal society for more than two thousand years, with great influence. The existing book The Analects of Confucius records the questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, which is the main material for studying Confucius' theory.

life experience

Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " This is Confucius' summary of all stages of his life.

Confucius lost his father at the age of 3 and moved to Kuili with his mother Yan Zhizai, where he was taught. When Confucius was young, he was "a child's play, forbidding the army as a gift." . When I was a child, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to study. The dragon, on the other hand, became a "Commissioner" in charge of warehouses and a "farmer" in charge of cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no regular teacher. According to legend, he invited Li to learn the truth of being a man from Changhong and the piano from the teacher. At the age of 30, he has become a well-known local scholar, and started a private school under his tutelage. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with virtue and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".

Confucius spent most of his life in the educational work of preaching, teaching and solving doubts. He created effective teaching methods; Summarized and advocated a set of correct learning principles; Formed a relatively complete teaching content system; Put forward a series of far-reaching educational thoughts; Set a good example of teachers' morality. Disciples: Zi Gong, Zeng, Gong Xihua, Zeng Shen, .........

Ideological characteristics

Confucius was an educator, thinker and half politician, but most importantly, he was a noble intellectual. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.

Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.

When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.

Be content with poverty

Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "

Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.

Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "A saint cannot learn, but never tires of teaching." Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. So he said, "A threesome must have a teacher."

Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.

Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself.

help others

Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman's beauty as an adult is not evil" and "Do your best until you die" are all his life principles.

Contribution of education

Confucius, a cultural giant, has been teaching with poems, books, rituals and music since his birth, and has been teaching by example in his great personality. It was he who initiated private lectures in the history of our country and transplanted the phenomenon that cultural knowledge was the patent of nobles to the people. He first put forward the policy of "no class for all", and everyone, whether poor, humble or rich, can be educated there. Disciples are as poor as Yan Hui, as rich as Zigong and as expensive as Meng. However, most of them are children of ordinary people, and some of them have come to defend their country, such as Qi, Chen and Wu, which are really full of peaches and plums. Its teaching purpose is to spread his humanitarian theory. That is, self-denial and courtesy are benevolence, changing students' temperament, achieving personality, improving the realm of life, and finally achieving things. In other words, it is necessary to build a pillar of a country and the world. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and heuristic methods should be adopted to cultivate students' demeanor of "learning without tiredness", "learning without thinking", "thinking without learning is useless", "knowing what they know, not knowing what they don't know", "having a teacher for three people" and "not ashamed to ask questions". What's more, he is a tireless teacher, caring for students like a loving mother, guiding students like strict father, and learning from each other like friends, all of which are due to his talent. Such as Zi Xiao's stupidity, Lu Zeng's participation, Zhang Zi's extreme, and Lutz's vulgarity ... all became great events. Ceng Zi, in particular, was given the responsibility of preaching and became a saint. There are even outstanding people who divide Germany: Yan Hui, Min Zikai, Ran Boniu and Zhong Gong. Language: Kill me, Zigong. Politics: Ran Qiu, Luz. Literature: Ziyou, Xia Zi, ten people. Confucius has three thousand disciples. Two out of seventy people are proficient in six arts. Therefore, the vast traditional culture can be popularized and passed down.

Because Confucius made great efforts in giving lectures, all the disciples felt that the teacher had worked hard. Therefore, all disciples sincerely admire them. They followed him, served him and defended him. They traveled around the world with him, enduring hardships and hunger without complaining. When someone slanders Confucius, they accuse him of "not measuring himself". When in danger, give your life to guard. After the death of Master, the disciples mourned for three years. Zigong lived alone for six years. His spirit of respecting teachers and valuing Taoism is still a much-told story. It is well-deserved for future generations to respect Confucius as the "most holy teacher". Many of his educational theories and methods are inexhaustible resources for today's educators. As we all know, there are 3,000 disciples of Mr. Kong Qiu, 70 of whom are proficient in the Six Arts. At that time, it seemed that there was no learning management system, and it was impossible to test the names of these 3,000 disciples. As for the seventy-two disciples who enjoyed the Confucius Temple, these gentlemen are all ancient figures. We look at them from a distance through thousands of years of history, just like looking at the immortals in the fairy fog, we can only look at them roughly and can't see the details. However, our ancient publishing industry was surprisingly backward. All documents are carved with a knife, and all kinds of efforts will inevitably lead to mistakes and even misinformation; What's more, there are so-called masters, who love to be far-fetched. They make mistakes, explain at random, even explain infinite meanings, and even regard them as irreparable classics. So it's ridiculous that three jackals commit suicide. If, unfortunately, there are two or more experts, each with a different version, then things will be even bigger and we must strive for each other. So ancient things are obviously the same thing, but we can see different or even opposite appellations and statements. For example, the name of the seventy-two saints of Confucius. Biographies of Zhong Ni and Seventy-two Biographies of Confucius' Family Words in Historical Records are authoritative materials, but they are quite different. For example, Zi Sheng is called Le Ke in Historical Records and Le Xin in family language. Disciple's name was Zheng in historical records, but it was renamed Xue Bang in ethnic languages. Confucius, for example, was good at flattery and married his brother's daughter to his son Rong. It is called Nangong Shu in The Analects of Confucius, Nangong Kuo in Historical Records and Nangong Tao in the family language. Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. Almost all these phenomena are attributed to the mistakes in transmission and carving. Moreover, the lists in Historical Records and Family Language are not no less than 72 people. The history books list 77 people, and solemnly quote Confucius' words, "Seven people out of seventy are connected". Who knows if Confucius ever said this sentence? "Family talk" is even more ridiculous. The title clearly says "Interpretation by Seventy-two Disciples", but there are 76 people listed in it. Finally, it concludes: "More than 72 disciples of Confucius are all scholars." Lying with your eyes open, can't even count? Sima Qian said that "China storytellers compromised with Confucius", but this roster of Confucius disciples didn't know who to compromise with. Compared with the two, Historical Records went to Kong Qiu relatively recently, and it is famous for its true history. Confucius Family is a famous book named Confucius Family, but it has always been regarded as a fake book. When it was regarded as the Three Kingdoms, Wang Su revised it by copying previous letters and bamboo slips. Relatively speaking, it seems not as good as historical records. The two are relative, take the one closest to the truth. So I decided to compare it with the family language based on historical records. Of the 77 people listed by Sima Qian, it is hard to say that five are supernumerary. As for the five, I don't know. Here, please also ask Mr. Naturalist for advice.

Confucius is a man, manly;

Are they men? Qu Yuan-Bi Sheng-Li Shizhen-Lu Xun-Li Siguang-Lei Feng-Kong Fansen ... This may cause controversy because of different understanding of the concept of "person". We believe that these people mentioned later are all men, and they are China men.

A Chinese-style man should be the unity of masculinity and good character, and should be the unity of noble personality and national character. Some students will ask: What is the relationship between men and "national dignity"? Too relevant. Although man is a universal concept, everyone has a nationality and belongs to a certain nation. His life path and career achievements are inextricably linked with the country and the nation. Who do brave soldiers fight for? Who do enterprising people work for? To whom did the inventor contribute? This is the connotation of the concept of "China man". You are not enough by yourself. You should aspire to be a China person.

China men have many characteristics, the most important of which are the following:

First, there is a strong national consciousness of "I am from China"

First of all, the "ethnic group" here refers to the Chinese nation, including 56 ethnic groups in China.

There is a story: In 1930s, a famous patriotic general named Ji Hongchang visited the United States. When he went shopping with others, the shop assistant politely treated him as a Japanese, but when he learned that he was from China, he showed disdain. His colleagues advised him not to talk and pretend to be "Japanese", which made him very angry. When he got home, he made a big sign, wrote five big characters-"I'm from China", tied it with a rope, and hung it squarely on his chest when he went out on the street. What a backbone image of China people! This incident was passed down as a much-told story.

A person's national consciousness is to have a sense of national pride, national pride and responsibility, and to share the same fate with the Chinese nation. Dear Premier Zhou Enlai has set up the lofty ambition of "studying for the rise of China" since he was a child, and has devoted his life to the liberation and prosperity of the Chinese nation. He is the best example for us to learn.

Today, with the reform and opening-up, our Chinese nation is no longer the "sleeping lion" in the East, but has stood tall among the nations of the world. However, there is still a big gap compared with advanced countries in science and technology, productivity and living standards, which depends on our younger generation to struggle. Those who yearn for and envy foreign countries without fighting for national rejuvenation lack the minimum national consciousness. Students, to be a Chinese man, we must first connect everything with the future and future of our Chinese nation.

Second, full of "masculinity"

Masculinity is a difficult concept to explain. We can think that it is an exciting and positive mental state that runs through people's life, work and study. For a man, it is manifested in the lofty ambition of "Mu Hongyu, Gao Xiang", enterprising spirit and strong will, lofty sentiment of upholding justice without fear of sacrifice, indomitable fighting toughness and a sense of responsibility of daring to do things.

Qu Yuan, an ancient patriotic poet, said this spirit: "He is still kind at heart. Although he died a narrow death, he still has no regrets." ：

Premier Zhou Enlai said that "ten years of the Great Wall is not a hero, and all rivers run into difficulties" is the spirit.

Marshal Chen Yi once said this spirit: "Heavy snow presses pines and cypresses, and pines and cypresses stand tall and straight".

It is this spirit that Mr. Lu Xun talked about, "bow your head and be a willing ox";

In order to crack down on reactionaries, Mr. Wen Yiduo said that "the front foot stepped out of the gate and the back foot was not prepared to step into the gate again", which is also the spirit.

If you relate what these typical China men say to all the life paths they have taken, you will certainly have a deeper understanding of masculinity.

When you choose your ambition, prepare yourself psychologically, encounter difficulties every day, go through tempering, win without arrogance, lose without rashness, and move forward with solid steps, the "masculinity" of China men will gradually form on you.

Third, there must be love.

Men are by no means hard-hearted and cold-faced. He should have true love. Didn't Lu Xun say that "ruthlessness is not necessarily a real hero, so how can Reiko Kobayakawa not be a husband?" ? Men in China should know love and hate: love the motherland, love the people, love science, love labor, love socialism, and hate all ugly phenomena and souls in the world. At the same time, we should also understand the love of friends and parents. Chinese men can fight bravely for love and go through fire and water in the face of big and big issues. Among comrades, relatives and friends, lovers and couples, out of sincere love, they will give each other meticulous care and the best warmth.

Fourth, we should have a healthy body.

If you want to move forward with a heavy load, overcome difficulties and various harsh environments, and make great strides on the journey of life, it is impossible without a healthy body. "Health" here refers to physical quality, not simple height and weight. If the figure is very tall, but it is a "bean sprout" type, fragile, unlike men; Even if he is tall and fat, but he lacks willpower and endurance, he can't fight hard, and he can't be considered a man. Height can't be changed with subjective wishes sometimes. The key is to exercise scientifically, arrange your life regularly, and combine improving your health level with honing your willpower, so that you can have excellent physical qualities of cold and heat resistance, overcoming bad environment and preventing diseases.

My friends, the great cause of reform, opening up and economic development has just begun. In order to catch up with the advanced countries in the world, the younger generation faces a difficult and dangerous road today. I hope you can follow the example of the older generation of revolutionaries, grow into "China people" and entrust our motherland to the forefront of the world with your own hands.