What works does Sun Simiao have?

His main works are Thousand Golden Formulas, Thousand Golden Formulas and Thousand Golden Wings.

Sun Simiao (54 1-682), a native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), was a famous doctor and Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations.

In the seventh year of the Western Wei Dynasty (54 1), Sun Simiao was born into a poor peasant family. He has been very clever since he was a child. When he grew up, he began to like Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi, and lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the folk medical experience, accumulated interviews and recorded them in time, and finally finished his book "A Thousand Daughters". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with it to carry out medical activities. In 659, Tang Xin Materia Medica, the world's first national pharmacopoeia, was completed.

Major achievements

medical skill

Sun Simiao is not only good at internal medicine, but also good at gynecology, pediatrics, surgery and five senses. It was he who first advocated the establishment of a separate department of gynaecology and pediatrics, and first discussed gynecology and pediatrics in his works, which showed that it was "the meaning of respecting the roots." Under his influence, medical workers in later generations generally paid attention to the research on the treatment technology of gynecological and pediatric diseases. In addition, he also has a good knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion, and he has a book "Atlas of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Tang Ming", which takes acupuncture as an auxiliary therapy of drugs. He believes that "the way to be a good doctor must first diagnose the pulse prescription, then acupuncture, internal and external help, and the disease must be treated." Actively advocate comprehensive treatment of diseases.

Sun Simiao attaches great importance to the study of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases. For example, people in mountainous areas are prone to goiter (commonly known as thick neck year) because of iodine deficiency in food. He has long observed and explored the cause and treatment. He believes that this disease is caused by the unclean water quality in the mountains, so it is effective to treat the thyroid gland of marine animals and plants such as seaweed. He made a detailed study of beriberi, and proposed for the first time that cooking porridge with Cooper peel could prevent it. The drug he chose to treat beriberi is rich in vitamin B 1, and the effect is very good. In the long-term practice, he also summed up the specific prescriptions for treating dysentery, tapeworm, night blindness and other diseases. When he lived in Taibai Mountain, he personally collected medicinal materials and studied their medicinal properties. He thinks it is extremely important to collect herbs in time. Early on, the drug potential is not exhausted, and late on, the drug potential is exhausted. According to his own experience, he determined the appropriate collection time of 233 drugs.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the prevention of diseases, emphasizing the view that prevention should be the first priority. He put forward "never forget death, be prepared for danger in times of peace", emphasizing that "it is better to regulate qi, tonify diarrhea, massage and guide every day, and don't treat health as Chang Ran." He advocated paying attention to personal hygiene and sports health care, and put forward the idea of combining dietotherapy, medication, health preservation, nourishing and health care to prevent and treat diseases.

In the process of studying medicine, he mixed sulfur, saltpeter and charcoal into powder to ignite the alchemist. This is the earliest gunpowder formula in the existing literature in China. In his book "Single Crystal Sulfur Covering Method", he described the production method of sulfur covering fire.

He insists on the method of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and thinks that if people are good at recuperating their lives, they can avoid diseases. As long as "a good doctor guides him with a medical stone and saves him with an injection", "there is a treatable disease in his body shape and an incurable disaster in the world." He attaches great importance to medical ethics, regardless of "rich and poor, old and young, jealous of friends, ignorant." As the saying goes, "life is a matter of life, and there is a precious daughter." He attaches great importance to maternal and child health care, and has written three volumes of Women's Prescription and two volumes of Children's Prescription, ranking first in Thousands of Women.

Sun Simiao also summed up the diagnosis method of a good doctor: "Although the desire for bravery is great, the desire for heart is small, although the desire for intelligence is round, the behavior is square." . "Courage" is to be as confident and temperament as a soldier; "Small" means being as careful as walking on thin ice and landing on the edge of a cliff. "Zhiyuan" means that when things change, we must not stick to it and have the ability to defeat enemy planes first; "Hangfang" means not greedy for fame and fortune, but open-minded. "

Sun Simiao has a profound study of classical medicine and attaches great importance to folk prescriptions. He devoted his life to medical clinical research and was proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features, acupuncture and so on. Twenty-four achievements have created a precedent in China's medical history, especially discussing medical ethics and advocating gynecology, pediatrics and acupoints.

In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summed up many valuable experiences, such as "Ashi point" and "focusing on pain". He used animal liver to treat night blindness, sheep thyroid to treat endemic goiter, and milk, beans and bran to prevent beriberi. For pregnant women, it is recommended that the residence be clean and quiet, keep the mood comfortable, and don't be nervous during childbirth; For babies, it is suggested that breastfeeding should be regular and quantitative, usually sunny and don't wear too much clothes ... These ideas still have certain practical significance today.

1. The medical masterpiece Qian Jinfang is the first encyclopedia of clinical medicine in the history of China, and is praised as "the treasure of mankind" by foreign scholars;

2. The first person to fully discuss medical ethics;

3. Advocate the establishment of the first person in gynecology and pediatrics;

4. The first leprosy expert;

5. The first person to invent the finger-specific acupoint selection method;

6. The first person to create a colorful "Three-person Map of Tang and Ming Dynasties";

7. The first to promote beauty drugs to the people;

8. Initiating the "Ashi Cave";

9. The first one to expand strange points and compile acupuncture prescriptions;

10. The first suggested compound therapy;

1 1. He was the first to put forward the external treatment of dental diseases with diversified drugs;

12. The first person who proposed to feed cattle with herbs and treat diseases with cow's milk;

13. The first one put forward "acupuncture can be used for both acupuncture and medicine" and "health moxibustion" for prevention;

14. The first person who systematically, comprehensively and specifically discussed the cultivation, collection and collection of drugs;

15. The first wild drug was introduced and successfully tested.

16. the first processing method for detoxification of rehmannia glutinosa and croton;

17. Treat the disease with placenta powder first;

18. Animal liver was originally used to treat eye diseases. Animal liver is rich in vitamins.

19. He was the first person to treat athlete's foot, and he was the first to cook porridge with the bark of Polygonum cuspidatum to prevent athlete's foot and its recurrence. It was one thousand years earlier than Europeans, and the bark of Polygonum cuspidatum was rich in vitamin B1;

20. Treating malaria with arsenic (realgar, etc.) for the first time. ), earlier than the British Fuller made of arsenic 1000 years;

2 1. first put forward the medical thought that "prevention is more important than cure";

22. For the first time, treat goiter with sheep gizzard (year of the sheep thyroid);

23. He is the first doctor in the history of China to go deep into the people, learn from the masses and peers with an open mind, and collect calibration secrets;

24. The first inventor of catheterization.

Medical books

Sun Shi thought that "human life is the most important, and it is hard to buy a thousand dollars. While helping it, virtue is beyond this", so he named his two works "Thousand Daughters" and called them "Thousand Daughters" and "Thousand Daughters and Wings". Based on the theory of zang-fu organs in Huangdi Neijing, the classification, syndrome differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous diseases centered on cold, heat and deficiency of zang-fu organs were put forward for the first time in Qian Jin Fang Yao. After sorting out and studying Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, typhoid fever is classified into twelve articles and fifteen taboos, which provides a train of thought for future generations to study Treatise on Febrile Diseases, especially for pan-typhoid fever. He founded the method of studying Treatise on Febrile Diseases from three aspects: prescription, syndrome and treatment, which initiated the precedent of taking prescription as evidence in later generations.

The 30-volume "Qian Jin Fang Yao" contains 5300 prescriptions and works, with a wide variety of prescriptions and rich contents. The contents of the book are not only medical theories such as diagnosis and syndrome, but also clinical disciplines such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics. It is divided into 232 branches, close to the classification method of modern clinical medicine. It not only involves detoxification, first aid, health preservation and dietotherapy, but also includes acupuncture, massage, guidance and breathing, which can be described as a good summary of the development of traditional Chinese medicine before the Tang Dynasty. Qian Jin Fang Yao is a representative masterpiece of China's medical development in Tang Dynasty, which has obvious influence and contribution to the development of medicine in later generations, especially to the development of prescription science. It has also played a positive role in the medical development of Japan and South Korea. Qian Jin Fang Yao is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China, with complete theories, methods and prescriptions. One is recorded in ancient books, and the other is folk unilateral. Widely absorb the strengths of all aspects, suit both refined and popular tastes, and prioritize appropriately. Many contents are still instructive and of high academic value, and are indeed valuable wealth of traditional Chinese medicine. Qian Jin Fang Yao is a great contribution to the development of prescription science. This book brings together the clinical experience of hundreds of years' achievements in prescription and medicine from Zhang Zhongjing's time to Sun Simiao. After reading Zhongjing's prescription, watching Qian Jin Fang can really open your eyes and broaden your mind, especially the prescriptions from different origins, which shows that Sun Simiao has a wide range of medical sources and superb medical skills. Later generations called Fang the ancestor of magic.

The 30-volume Forward Fang Yi belongs to his later works and is a comprehensive supplement to Forward Fang Yao. The book is divided into 189 subjects, with more than 2,900 prescriptions, theories and methods, covering materia medica, women, typhoid fever, children, nourishing, stroke, miscellaneous diseases, boils, color pulse, acupuncture and so on. Especially typhoid fever, apoplexy, miscellaneous diseases and carbuncle. Among more than 800 kinds of drugs collected in the book, more than 200 kinds of drugs introduced the relevant knowledge of drug collection and processing in detail. It is particularly worth mentioning that this book contains the treatise on febrile diseases that have been lost among the people in the Jin and Tang Dynasties, forming nine or twelve volumes independently, becoming the only research work on treatise on febrile diseases in the Tang Dynasty, which has played a positive role in promoting the preservation and dissemination of treatise on febrile diseases.

medical ethics

Sun Simiao is a first-class master of medical ethics in ancient and modern times. In his view, doctors should take relieving patients' pain as their sole duty, while others should treat patients equally, and "everything is supreme". "China people are foolish and wise, and ordinary people are equal". He practiced, saved the world wholeheartedly, did not covet fame and fortune, and spent his whole life realizing his Taoist medical ethics. He is the founder of China's medical ethics. In Sun Simiao's famous work "Qian Jin Fang", the medical ethics standard of "great doctors are sincere" is also placed in an extremely important position, making a special topic and focusing on it. And he himself is also one of the representatives of moral cultivation, moral cultivation and both morality and art.

Sun Simiao has a noble medical ethics, and everything is based on saving lives. He cares about people's illness, thinks about patients everywhere, and treats people who come to see a doctor equally, regardless of their rank, wealth, age and relatives. He went out to treat diseases, day and night, did not avoid the cold and heat, regardless of hunger and fatigue, and went all out. In clinical practice, we should concentrate, be serious and responsible, don't be hasty, don't consider personal gains and losses, don't be dirty and dirty, and concentrate on rescue. In particular, when he advocated that doctors treat diseases, they should not take the opportunity to ask for property, but should ask for nothing. His noble medical ethics is a model for later generations. For more than 1000 years, it has been praised by Chinese people and medical workers, and is honored as "the king of medicine".

Sun Simiao doesn't use animals as medicine. He said: "Since ancient times, celebrities have treated diseases and used their lives to help the crisis. Although they are called cheap animals and noble people, they love humans and animals. " Bad for others, good for yourself, and bad for others! Husbands kill for survival and go further for life. I don't need to take life as medicine here. It's good for me. "

Health maintenance

Sun Simiao advocates health preservation and practices it. It is precisely because he is familiar with the art of keeping in good health that he can live to 100 years old and has never been lost. He combined the health care thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and foreign ancient Indian Buddhists with the health care theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and put forward many practical health care methods, which are still guiding people's daily life, such as keeping a balanced mind and not blindly pursuing fame and fortune; Eat moderately and don't overeat; Pay attention to the circulation of qi and blood, don't be lazy, don't be depressed; Life should be regular, not against the laws of nature and so on.