Who can tell us how Handan came from?

A preliminary study on the origin of Handan place names

Handan, an ancient city with a long history. As early as 7,000 years ago, the ancestors of Cishan created a splendid civilization here. According to relevant data, Handan has a history of more than 3,000 years, and its name has never changed. Especially after liberation, Handan has developed and revived by leaps and bounds in just a few decades. Handan was promoted from a county-level city to a big city today. The development of the city has created convenient conditions for the mutual integration, research and popularization of Handan culture in various periods. Magnetic mountain culture, Taiji culture, fantasy culture, Northern Dynasties culture and Song Wenhua in Sui, Tang and Tang Dynasties have all been excavated, studied and publicized to varying degrees, and Handan has been fully displayed. Let the world know Handan, understand Handan, enter Handan, develop Handan and study Handan.

To study Handan is to study it from different fields. The origin of Handan place names has also become a research topic for some experts and scholars.

In fact, the discussion on the origin of Handan place names has never stopped since ancient times, but it is intermittent, unsystematic and incoherent. Here are a few representative statements.

The place name of Handan was first seen in Gu Liang Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period: "Handan weaves a sound canal and never keeps it". That is to say, in 546 BC, civil strife broke out in Wei, and doctor Ning was killed for some unknown reason. Guo, the brother of Ning's partner, fled to Handan. This is the earliest record of Handan in historical documents.

There is also a record of "Guan Yi Dune Garden Platform" in Historical Records Yin Benji. Textual research on Zhang Shoujie's Historical Records of Justice in the Tang Dynasty quoted the bamboo calendar as saying: "Pan Geng moved to Yin for 253 years, but never moved to the capital. When he was a little older, he left the palace away from Chao Ge in the south and Handan and sand dunes in the north. " It means that when Pan Geng, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, moved the capital to Yin (now Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan), the Yin Dynasty perished and never moved the capital again in 253 years. During the Zhou Wang period, the capital gradually expanded, reaching Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province) in the south, Handan and Dune in the north, and various places built separate palaces. The reign of Yin Dynasty was about 1 1 century BC, indicating that the place names of Handan existed as early as 3000 years ago.

The origin of the name of Handan, Zhang Yan, an annotator of Hanshu, explained: "Handan Mountain is under the East City. Single, do it. The city wall comes from the city, so add a cloud. "

An expert in modern times explained the origin of Handan's name as: There is a mountain in this city, which is called Hanshan Mountain. Handan got its name from this.

Another modern scholar explained the origin of Handan's name as: the edge of Chinese characters is the opposite of Dan. The sun rises from the horizon; This day has not come yet. The sweet sun never crosses the horizon, but its brilliance shines on the horizon, indicating that the sun is about to rise. On the edge of the word "Dan", there is a fertile field on the horizon, and the two points above Tian Zi symbolize the lush millet and grass growing in the field. Next to the word Handan, it symbolizes the prosperity of the population and the flocks of cattle and sheep in this land. In short, the sun in Handan is about to rise, and the sun shines on this fertile soil with a prosperous population and flocks of cattle and sheep.

The author thinks that the origin of their names is nothing more than geographical features, landmark buildings, animals and plants, wishes and ideals, names of important people, surnames and so on.

Named after geographical features, such as Daodongbao, Daoxibao, Xihepo Village, Donghepo Village, Qian Shan Village and Shanhou Village; Named after landmark buildings, such as Tadong Town, Taxi Town, Yan 'an Village and Yabeizhuang. Named after animals and plants, such as Xinghua Village, Taoyuanzhuang, Shiziling and Laohupo; Named after wishes and ideals, such as Shunhe Village and Heping Village; Named after important people, such as Zuoquan County and Luocheng Village. Of course, there are other names, so I won't list them here. Personally, I think Handan, like Shijiazhuang and Zhangjiakou, is named after surnames.

Although the surname Handan can't be found among hundreds of surnames now, there used to be the surname Handan, which is a compound surname. In the past, everyone had not only surnames, but also surnames. Surname and surname are two different things. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, surnames and surnames have been combined into one, and some have inherited surnames as surnames. Others will inherit the surname as surname. For example, according to relevant information, the current surname is Wu, and the previous surname is Ji. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this branch has been divided into two parts, one is the surname of Ji; A surname, surnamed Wu; There are also many compound surnames that have been taken apart to inherit; At the same time, many surnames have evolved into other surnames and passed down. As for the specific name of Handan, it is still unknown whether it moved to other places, split into surnames as people say, or evolved into other surnames. But there is no doubt that Handan was originally a compound surname.

In Once upon a time written by Ban Gu, there is a description of "Han Danchun". In Surnames of Past Dynasties written by Wu and Ding Dada, the description of "Han Danchun" is as follows: "Han Dan, whose name is Chun, is uncle. Handan has a compound surname. Ren Wei, who is good at eight-style writing, collates stone classics, remembers elegance, speaks the meaning, refers to words, and the book breaks through the clouds. Han Danchun is familiar with stereotyped writing and studied under Cao, especially good at ancient Chinese, big seal script, stereotyped writing and official script. Since "The Secret of Du Linwei", ancient prose has disappeared, all written by Chunfu. Therefore, it is certain that Handan used to have this surname. Therefore, it is believed that the origin of Handan place names should be named after surnames.

■ History of Handan

Handan City is located in the south of Hebei Province, with an area of 1.2 million square kilometers and a population of 8.6 million, and governs 1.9 counties (cities). It is a famous historical and cultural city in China, an excellent tourist city in China and an important modern industrial production base in northern China. It is also a "big city" with local legislative power and a population of over one million. Handan was the capital of Zhao during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The birthplace and growth place of Qin Shihuang; During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, Deng Xiaoping lived and fought here for six and a half years, from which the second generation of new China's leading core came out. After liberation, Mao Zedong has been to Handan 24 times; In the world-famous Tai Ji Chuan, Yang and Wu originated here.

Historical events in Handan

Yinjianli Palace Bieguan

When Yin built the Palace of Separation in Handan, he built the Palace of Separation in Handan, which became the political activity place of Shang Dynasty. ?

Zhaobiefeng Handan

Zhao Biefeng Handan Around 55 BC/KLOC-0 BC, Zhao's immediate family members belonged to Jinyang (now Taiyuan), and Zhao Sheng did not seal Handan at ordinary times. In 492 BC, Handan was owned by Jinyang Zhao again. ?

Ximen Bao led the leaf.

In 422 BC, Ximen Bao led Zhang to irrigate Ye, and Ximen Bao was appointed as the magistrate of Ye County (now under the jurisdiction of Ye Town of Linzhang County). He built a 12 embankment and weir on the Ye River, and at the same time opened a 12 canal on the south bank to irrigate Ye, making Ye County a rich place. A hundred years later, in history, the project of spreading and irrigating leaves was further built, which turned saline-alkali land into fertile land. ?

Zhao moved the capital to Handan.

In the first year of Zhao's move to Handan (386 BC), the capital of Zhao moved from Zhongmou to Handan, which lasted for 8 generations of governors, accounting for 158 years. ?

The difficulty of Handan

In 354 BC, 654.38 million troops of Wei suddenly surrounded Handan. After a year of persistence, Zhao captured Handan and Zhao moved to other places. Soon, the Qi army implemented the strategy of "encircling Wei to save Zhao", forcing Wei to sign the Zhangshui League with Zhao in 35 1 BC, and Zhao did not cede land to recover the capital, which was called "the difficulty of Handan" in history. ?

The Battle of Maling in Qi and Wei Dynasties

In 34 1 year BC, Qi Weiwang sent Tian Ji and Tian Ying as generals, and Sun Bin as strategist, and set out to save Han Wei. Prince Shen and Pang Juan were sent to lead more than 654.38 million people to battle. Sun Bin used the strategy of "cutting the kitchen to lure the enemy" to confuse Wei Jun to catch up day and night. When catching up with Maling (now southeast of Daming in Handan), it was ambushed by the Qi army, and the whole army was wiped out. Pang Juan committed suicide and Prince Shen was captured. This is a famous war example in the Warring States period. ?

Zhao Wuling Wang Khufu rides a horse and shoots arrows.

In 307 BC, in order to change the weak and passive situation of Zhao State, King Wuling of Zhao reformed the clothing system, put on the clothes of Hu people which were convenient for riding and shooting, established cavalry units and adopted new tactics of riding and shooting. After Khufu's riding and shooting reform, the combat effectiveness of the army has been greatly improved. After that, Zhongshan was destroyed, Hu Lin was destroyed, and the land expanded for thousands of miles, thus achieving the goal of enriching Qiang Bing. This reform marks that the Central Plains has entered the era of riding war from the era of chariot fighting, which is of epoch-making significance in the military history of China. ?

Changes of Dune Palace

In 299 BC, King Wuling of Zhao suddenly announced the abolition of the seal of Prince Edward and passed it on to his youngest son He (that is, King Huiwen of Zhao). Later, he wanted to split the State of Zhao into two, and named Zhao the King of Zhao as the acting king. This plan of "dividing the king and Zhao" caused a power struggle within the ruling group of Zhao. In 295 BC, King Wuling, King Huiwen and Zhao Zhang lived in Dune Palace, and Zhao Zhang took the opportunity to rebel and killed King Huiwen. Zhao Xianggong's son rushed to surround the Dune Palace for more than three months, which led to the killing of Zhao Zhang and the historical tragedy that King Wuling starved to death in the palace. The history is called "Dune Palace Change". ?

Handan defending war

The Battle of Handan In September 260 BC, after the battle between Qin and Zhao Changping ended, Qin took advantage of the emptiness and chaos of Zhao, and attacked and surrounded Handan with lightning speed. After diplomatic efforts, Zhao made peace with Qin in the first month of 259 BC. In September of the same year, Qin Jun attacked Handan again. In an extremely critical situation, Prime Minister Zhao Sheng incorporated domestic servants into the army, which excited both inside and outside the court. The soldiers and civilians in Handan fought with one heart, won the assistance of Chu and Wei, finally repelled Qin Jun's attack, and won the battle of Handan in 257 BC. ?

Qin destroyed Zhao state

In 229 BC, Guo Bing, the state of Qin, divided into two ways and started the war to destroy Zhao. Wang Jiandong attacked northern Zhao from Jingxingkou, and attacked southern Zhao from the north bank of the Yellow River. Under the fierce offensive, Zhao Youmiao and Wang killed General Li Mu by mistake and destroyed the Great Wall. Soon, the Northern Route Army attacked Zhao and the Southern Route Army surrounded Handan. In August of the following year, Wang Jian captured Handan and captured Zhao Wang alive, and Zhao perished. ?

Chen Wu is the king of Handan.

At the end of Qin Dynasty, after Chen Sheng and the uprising, Chen Wu led the Northern Expedition to attack Zhao. In August 209 BC, it occupied more than 30 cities such as Handan. In order to get rid of the control of Chen Sheng's "Zhang Chu regime", Chen Wu accepted Zhang Er's suggestion, and established himself as Zhao Wang, named Chen Yu as general, named right prime minister and named Shao Sao as left prime minister. Handan became the military center of the northern anti-Qin armed forces. ?

Zhao destroyed Zhao and Handan city.

Zhao destroyed Zhao and Handan in 208 BC, and was killed because of civil strife. Zhang Er and Chen Yuli, descendants of Zhao Wang during the Warring States Period, were Zhao Xie, who occupied the capital of northern Handan and quickly recovered Handan. Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, attacked Zhao on a large scale after defeating the rebels. 10 June, Zhang Han captured Handan, razed the battlements to the ground, and the once glorious city of Handan was completely destroyed. ?

Zhang Er was named Prince Zhao.

In 204 BC, Zhang Er was sealed by the Prince of Zhao, and Liu Bang ordered Han Xin and Zhang Er to send tens of thousands of troops eastward to attack Zhao in Jingxing, and defeated Zhao Xie's more than 200,000 troops. Water logging, and Zhao Xie Xiangguo, Zhao from now on to Han. In 203 BC, Liu Bang made Zhang Er the King of Zhao and Han Xin the Zhao Xiang. The following year, Liu Bang unified the whole country. So Zhao, Yan, Liang and other places were sealed, and then the prince of Zhao was in Handan. ?

Liu Shi and Zhao Guo began to seal.

In 202 BC, Zhang Er's son Zhang Ao attacked Wang Zhao and married Liu Bang's daughter Princess Luyuan. Because Liu Bang passed Zhao, he was too slow to tell Zhang Ao and was eager to murder Liu Bang, but failed. In the first month of BC 198, Zhang Ao was abolished as Emperor Xuanping, and Liu Ruyi, the son of Liu Bang, moved to seal the Prince of Zhao. As a result, Liu Zhaowang of the Han Dynasty was blocked. ?

Liu sui rebellion

Liu Sui Uprising In BC 154, Liu Sui, the king of Zhao, joined the Xiongnu in the uprising in Wu Chu. Han sent Qu Zhou on an expedition. Liu Sui stayed in Handan for seven months. Li sent water to fill the city, the city was broken, Liu Sui committed suicide and the rebellion failed. ?

Zhaogong Congtai fire

In May of the first year of the fire in Zhao Palace Group (BC 187), a fire broke out in Zhao Palace Group, and the famous palace buildings were destroyed. ?

Liu Xiu and the Battle of Wang Lang

In the first year of the battle between Liu Xiu and Wang Lang (September 23rd), he was appointed as the general who broke the Lu Dynasty. Cross the Yellow River to Handan in October and leave Handan North in December. After Liu Xiu left, Zhao and Liu Lin, Wang Jingsu's great grandchildren, lied that Wang Lang, a fortune teller, was the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and made him emperor, making Handan his capital. The area north of the Yellow River is prone to yield. The following year, Liu Xiu led his troops to attack the Wang Lang regime, occupy Handan and kill Wang Lang. The Battle of Handan laid the foundation for Liu Xiu to establish the Eastern Han regime. ?

Cao Cao captured Yecheng.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao captured Yecheng, which was the center of Yuan Shao's separatist regime in the north. In the eighth year of Jian 'an (203), Cao Cao defeated Yuan Jun's main force in Liyang (now Xunxian County, Henan Province) and marched into Yecheng in the first month of the following spring. The generals guarding the city, Shen Pei and Su You, stood their ground. Cao Jun continuously conquered Mao Cheng (now Wu 'an West) and Handan on the periphery of Yecheng, cut off its grain routes, and dug water to fill the city, which surrounded Yecheng for more than August. Eventually, due to the lack of food in the city, Yecheng was conquered by Cao Jun, and then Yecheng was the political center of Cao Cao's unification of the north. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yecheng became the capital of Cao Wei regime, the capital of later Zhao, Zhou, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, and was called the "Old Capital of Six Dynasties". ?

Gaowei built Handan Palace.

In the Northern Qi Dynasty (576), Gaowei built Handan Palace in Wuping. Gao Wei built Xiandu Garden in Yecheng in Wuping four years (573), and then built Handan Palace on the site of Zhao Palace in Han Dynasty. Its scale is grand, luxurious and beautiful, serving more than 1000 people. ?

Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed the leaves.

Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed his power in 58 1 year. After Emperor Wendi established the Sui Dynasty, Wei Chijiong, the general manager of Xiangzhou (ruling Yecheng), joined forces with several states to send troops. After Emperor Wendi attacked Yecheng, the three-level administrative offices of Xiangzhou, Wei Jun and Yexian and their residents moved to Anyang and ordered the burning of Yecheng, which lasted for more than a month. The capital of the Six Dynasties, which has been more than 400 years since Cao Wei, is in ruins. ?

Li is very famous.

In the second year of Kaiping of Li Jiandu (908), Li, the eldest son of Li Keyong, acceded to the throne at the behest of his father in Hedong (Shanxi) of the Tang Dynasty, that is, he marched into Shandong and captured Youzhou (Jixian) and Zhengding (Zhengding). In the first year of Zhenming (9 15), Liang rebelled from Wei (Daming) and Bo (Liaocheng), and Li entered and took charge of Weber's time. In April of the third year of Lund (923), Li opened an altar in Weizhou to sue the emperor, and then acceded to the throne. The name of the country is Datang, the year number is Tongguang, and the capital is Weizhou, both of which are named Tokyo. Wei Zhou was promoted to be the prefect of the Tang Dynasty in Tokyo. In October of that year, Liang disappeared, then moved the capital to Luoyang, and Tokyo was reduced to the vice capital. In the third year of Tongguang (925), Tokyo was changed to Yedu. Since then, Daming was once the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty-Beijing (1042), the pseudo-political capital established by the Jin Dynasty (1 127), and it was also the place ruled by Daming Road in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, the city site was located in the water and moved to Aijiakou. It is the seat of Daming Mansion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Daming Road in the early years of the Republic of China. It has been an important town in northern China for hundreds of years. ?

Battle of Tanshui

In the battle of Tanshui in the fifth year of Tang Wude (622), Liu Heita, the Dou Jiande department, became king and made its capital? State, gaiyuan Tianzao, occupied Hebei area. In March, Li Shimin came in? The south bank of the water fought fiercely with it, decided? Thousands of floods flooded Liu Jun. Liu Heita was defeated and fled to Turkey. In June, Liu Heita led the Turkish soldiers to their hometown north of Xiangzhou. In November, Prince Li led a crusade against Liu Heita in Weizhou. Liu Heita was defeated and beheaded in December? State. ?

Li Jing Liu Yu regime

In July (1 130), the Jin Dynasty sent Yin Gaoqing and Han? Zhou prepared seals, ribbons and treasures, and made him Emperor Daqi. In September, Liu Yu proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Daqi", the capital (Daming) and the title of Fuchang. Using the calendar promulgated by the Jin Dynasty, he called that year the Eight Years of Heaven. In November of the 7th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1 137), Jin Zuo, deputy marshal, criticized him for his ineffective management of the country and sending troops. He sent troops to Bianjing, captured his son Liu Lin alive, and later imprisoned Liu Yu in Jinmingchi, and the puppet regime was declared dead. ?

Guo Shoujing's done? Zhang water conservancy project

Guo Shoujing's done? Zhang Shuigong was in communication for three years (1262). When Guo Shoujing was summoned by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu, he put forward the so-called "six major events of water conservancy" about major water conservancy construction. The fourth thing is? Zhangzhou water conservancy project, that is, in the northeast of Cizhou (now Cixian)? Build a water diversion project at the intersection of Zhang Er River and Zhang Er River? Yang, Handan, Zhou, Yongnian, Jize and other counties enter the Fenghe River. This project was completed from Yuan Shizu to the first year (1264 ~ 1294), and more than 3000 hectares were irrigated. ? The Yanghe River began to flow through Handan County. ?

Zhang Mengfu is sparse? Yanghe river

Zhang Mengfu is sparse? In the eighteenth year of Ming Chenghua in Yanghe (1482), Zhang Mengfu, the magistrate of Cixian County, personally presided over it? The Yanghe dredging project was developed for the purpose of reconnecting ships. Water transport of Yanghe River. From then on to the end of the Qing Dynasty, products and resources such as coal, porcelain and lime in Cixian and Handan were developed. The Yanghe River goes down to the counties along the river in the northeast, becoming the only waterway route in Handan, thus promoting? The towns along the Yanghe River are booming. ?

Heavy snow in Handan

In the second year (1507), heavy snow fell in Handan, with several feet of snow and doors and windows covered. People stayed indoors day and night, and countless livestock froze to death. ?

Create Hanshan Academy

Ten years after the establishment of Hanshan Academy (1745), the governor of Handan, Wei? Hanshan Academy is located in the west of Xianzhi West Street Road (southwest corner of the intersection of Zhongjie Street and Renmin Road in the city), with three lecture halls, five left and right halls and three left and right halls. Hanshan Academy is the largest academy in southern Hebei. ?

Start a school

In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1902), Gong Yan, a magistrate of a county, changed Hanshan Academy into Handan County High School with 297 students, which was the first new school founded in Handan. 1905, after Jin Yong became the magistrate of Handan, he set up a school to persuade students, vigorously established a new school, set up a new normal school, and planned to build more than 50 primary schools. 1909 founded the first girls' primary school in Handan in the Confucian Temple, which opened a new trend of education for a generation. ?

Pengcheng earthquake

Pengcheng Earthquake (1830) On April 22nd, a major earthquake occurred in Cixian and Linzhang counties near Handan. The epicenter was in Pengcheng, with a magnitude of 7? Grade 5, the damage diameter is 200 kilometers, affecting Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces 15 counties. In the earthquake zone, the ground was broken, the black water boiled, the Zhanghe River and Fuyang River dried up to the bottom, more than half of the houses collapsed, and there were countless casualties. ?

Taiping Army fought fiercely in Daming Mansion.

1853 In August, more than 20,000 Taiping Northern Expeditionary Army led by Li was in full swing. Is the river approaching the south gate of Zhili? Pass, pass Guanyin Mountain on the evening of August 28th. When the Qing court heard the news, Naer, the governor of Zhili and a university student, was jointly organized as an imperial envoy to send troops to block the Taiping rebels. After a fierce battle in Shibeikou, the Taiping army defeated the Qing army and conquered the pro on August 29. Close. ?

Anbaili faction occupied Handan city.

In the twelfth month of the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), Zhang, the leader of the anti-Qing rebel faction in Shenxian County, led thousands of people to capture Handan City and surrounding villages 10. Handan officials fled hastily. The congregation opened the prison and released the prisoners. The following spring, when the An Baili Rebels retreated, they set fire to the yamen in Handan County. ?

Handan railway station completed

Handan Railway Station was completed in March 1904, and Handan Railway Station of Han Jing Railway was completed, belonging to the fifth bid section of Changxindian Works Section. The station is designated as an intermediate station, with an annual traffic volume of1.65,438+0,000 tons and 28,000 passengers. The annual operating income is 6.5438+0.8 million yuan. The completion of Handan Station of Beijing-Han Railway marks the transformation of Handan from an ancient city to a modern city. ?

The opening of modern postal service

Modern post opens 1904. With the opening of Beijing-Han Railway, the station where Daqing Post Handan Agency is located was established, mainly dealing with letters, postcards, printed matter and parcels. 19 10, Daqing post office was established in Handan, which played an important role in the modern social and economic development of Handan. ?

Construction of Dahan-Hanwu Expressway

Dahan-Hanwu Highway Construction 1920 There is a drought in North China, and people live in poverty. During the Republic of China, the Beiyang government organized the International Relief Committee, which promoted the implementation of the American Red Cross donation relief road construction plan through private fund-raising activities. The victims were immediately recruited and the relief was given by the work. 192 1 year, two modern expressways, Dahan and Hanwu, were built in Handan, which opened the precedent of modern expressway construction in Handan, and the modern transportation industry also rose. Dahan Highway starts from Daming in the east, passes through Weixian and Cheng 'an, and ends in Handan in the west, with a total length of 70 kilometers. Hanwu Highway starts from Handan in the east and ends in Wu 'an in the west, with a total length of 25 kilometers. ?

Establish Handan Library

Handan Library was founded in 1924. He, the governor of Handan, and Wang Mingding, the curator, donated money to establish the Handan Library. The museum site is located in Congtaixia County Council. There are three buildings, the library upstairs and the lending room downstairs. This is the first public library in Handan, which has become an important place to spread cultural and scientific knowledge in modern Handan. ?

Federal-Mogul Incident

Huimen Incident In the early 1920s, the Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region suffered from warlord melee. The Red Gun Club, Yellow Yarn Club and Tianmen Club, which are aimed at resisting taxes, are spread all over the urban and rural areas of southern Hebei. 1927 in may, inspector feng stationed in Handan, urging the distribution of food and arousing public anger. 1 1 In the morning, Wu 'an Tianmen Club failed to attack Handan Station and was suppressed. In June, 5438+02, Handan Huimen organization and surrounding counties jointly captured Handan city. Immediately, a temporary leading body-citizen group and peasant armed peace preservation corps was established, and quickly took over the county's political power. Citizens' organizations also suppressed local tyrants and evil gentry, opened warehouses to help the poor and maintained social order in urban and rural areas. At the end of the year, it was again suppressed by Feng Zhi warlords, and the leaders of civic groups, Ma Shaozhou and Liu Kuizong, were killed. ?

Set up Yifeng flour company

Yifeng Flour Company was established in 19 18. Famous gentlemen Wang and Zhu invited gentlemen, wealthy businessmen and landlords to raise funds 15000 yuan. Handan Yifeng Flour Co., Ltd. was formally established in the southeast corner of the railway station on 1922, and its chairman is Wang. The daily output of flour is 2250 Jin, ranking second in Hebei. Yifeng Flour Company is an earlier and more successful national capital enterprise in modern Handan and the predecessor of Handan Flour General Factory. ?

Fengfeng coal mining

Mining Fengfeng Coal Mine 1875 The Qing court approved Li Hongzhang's proposal to set up a factory in Pengcheng Town, Cizhou, imitating foreign methods to mine coal mines. 1908, "Beiyang Cizhou Official Mine Co., Ltd." was established, and the official supervision and business operation were implemented. Following the official coal mine, large-scale national capital coal mines such as Yili Coal Mine Co., Ltd. and Zhonghe Coal Mine Co., Ltd. have been established in Fengfeng mining area. With modern mechanical equipment and management methods, the annual output of coal was about 40,000 tons, making it the main coal production base in China at that time. ?

The Japanese army occupied Handan.

Japanese troops occupied Handan 1937 10 10 17. Under the cover of planes, tanks and artillery, Japanese partial brigades occupied Handan. Immediately, the "City Defense Headquarters" and the "Handan County Public Security Committee" were established. In April of the following year, the pseudo "Handan County Government" was established. 1In April, 940, the pseudo "Southern Hebei Road Printing Office" was moved to Handan, making Handan the political and military center for Japanese invaders to rule the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region.