What are the classic sophistry cases?

Classic examples of sophistry are as follows:

1, a person has three heads.

A said to B, "I can prove that a person has three heads."

B said, "I want to hear your opinion."

A said, "Everyone has a head, no one has two heads, and one person has one more head than no one, so one person has three heads."

You are a man with horns on your head.

Ob Ridders, a famous sophist in ancient Greece, once said to a man, "What you have not lost is what you have, right?"

The man replied, "Of course!"

Then Aubredes added, "You haven't lost the horn on your head, so you are a man with horns on your head."

The man was puzzled, knowing that he had been fooled, but he couldn't say why, and he didn't know how to refute Aubrey Ridders.

3, bold unruly, this officer ever lost you?

Once upon a time, there was a county magistrate who wanted to buy gold ingots, and the shopkeeper sent two gold ingots according to the order.

The magistrate asked, "How much are these two gold ingots?"

The shopkeeper replied, "Grandpa wants to buy it, and the villain only sells it at half price."

The county magistrate took one and returned it to the store.

After many days, he didn't pay the bill. The shopkeeper said, "Please give me the gold ingot price."

The magistrate pretended not to understand: "Didn't I already give it to you?"

The store said, "Little people have never had it!"

The county magistrate was furious and said, "Bold and unruly, this official asked you for two gold ingots, but you said you only charged half price. I have returned one to you, which is equivalent to half price. Why have my officials lost you! "

The store listened, and it was very sad.

This secret can't be revealed.

Once upon a time, three scholars went to Beijing to catch the exam. On the way, they met a fortune teller named "Living Immortal" and asked for advice: "How many can we take in this exam?" The fortune teller closed his eyes and counted for a while, then put up a finger. The three scholars didn't understand what it meant and asked for clarification.

The fortune teller said, "The secret must not be revealed, and you will understand it later." Later, only one of the three scholars was admitted, and that person came to reward him. As soon as they met, they praised him and said, "Sir, you are really good, and you really deserve your reputation." I also learned to put up a finger like a fortune teller and say, "There is really only one."

After the scholar left, the fortune teller's wife asked him, "Why are you so smart?" The fortune teller smiled and said, "You don't understand the mystery. A finger can be erected to make a variety of explanations: if three people are admitted, it is' all admitted'; If you fail the exam, it is' all failed'; One in the exam is' one in the exam'; If you get two in the exam, it's' one failed'. No matter what the facts are, I can prove that my calculation is correct. "

5. One millet landed without sound, two millet landed without sound, three millet landed without sound, and so on, the whole bag of millet landed without sound.