What places of interest are there in Pingyao, Shanxi?

Pingyao itself is a historical relic. Located in the north of Shanxi, Pingyao Ancient City is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,700 years. It is also known as "the four best-preserved ancient cities" with Langzhong, Sichuan, Lijiang, Yunnan and Shexian, Anhui, and is also the second batch of national historical and cultural cities. It is also the only ancient county in China that successfully declared the world cultural heritage with the whole ancient city. The night view of the ancient city is Pingyao, which was once called "ancient pottery". In the early Ming Dynasty, the city wall was built to prevent foreigners from disturbing the south. In the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), the old wall was rebuilt and expanded, and it was all brick. Since then, Jingdezhen, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli have been renovated for ten times, and the towers have been updated and enemy stations have been added. In the 43rd year of Kangxi (AD 1703), the emperor visited Pingyao on the way to the west, and four towers were built, which made the city more spectacular. The total circumference of Pingyao city wall is 6 163 meters, and the height of the wall is about 12 meters, which divides Pingyao county with an area of about 2.25 square kilometers into two different worlds. The streets, sidewalks and urban buildings within the city walls retain the shapes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Outside the city wall, it is called the new city. This is a wonderful place where ancient and modern buildings are integrated, reflecting each other and making people memorable. In 2009, Pingyao Ancient City was awarded the most complete ancient county towns in China, world record association and China, and won another honor. Pingyao Ancient City is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province in the north of China. It was built in the period of West Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC) and expanded in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1370), with a history of more than 2,700 years. So far, it has preserved the basic features of the county town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D.1368 ~191), and it is the most complete existing ancient city in the Han area of China. Pingyao was once the financial center of China in the late Qing Dynasty, with the most complete ancient county structure in China. The beautiful Pingyao belonged to the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period and to the State of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Tao Ping County, located in Zhongdu County in Qin and Han Dynasties, is the capital of clan acting as king. The Northern Wei Dynasty was renamed Pingyao County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20 banks headquartered in Pingyao, accounting for more than half of the country, also known as "China's ancient Wall Street". The largest of these is Rishengchang, the first bank in China, which was founded in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty and is known as "Huitong World". Pingyao has basically retained the embryonic form of the county seat in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is known as the "turtle city". The street pattern is in the shape of "earth", and the architectural layout follows the direction of gossip, which embodies the urban planning concept and shape distribution in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 300 sites and ancient buildings inside and outside the city, and nearly 4,000 well-preserved Ming and Qing dwellings. The shops on the street all reflect the original appearance of history, which can be called a living sample for studying ancient cities in China. Pingyao City Wall was built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, with 6 city gates, 4 watchtowers and 72 watchtowers. Among them, the south gate wall collapsed in 2004, and most of the rest are still intact. It is one of the large-scale ancient city walls with an earlier existing history and relatively complete preservation in China, and it is also the core component of Pingyao Ancient City, a world heritage. In addition, Zhenguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Confucian Temple are also included in the scope of world heritage protection. One of the birthplaces of "Shanxi Merchants" was Daoguang four years in Qing Dynasty (AD 1824), and the prototype of Rishengchang, the first modern bank in China, was born in Pingyao. Three years later, Rishengchang has set up branches in several provinces in China. From 65438 to 1940s, its business further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry. The prototype of the ancient county in Ming and Qing Dynasties 1997 12.3 The 2nd session of the World Heritage Committee convened by UNESCO in Naples decided to include Pingyao's ancient city walls, official residences, markets, houses and temples as a whole in the World Heritage List, which is a physical specimen for studying the political, economic, cultural, artistic and religious development of China. The ancient city of Pingyao was established according to the cultural thought and architectural style of Han nationality in China. At present, the city walls and buildings have maintained the historical features of14-18th century. It is a typical representative of the ancient county town of Han nationality in Central Plains of China. Due to the establishment of the county seat, in the third year of Qing Daoguang (1823), the first draft bank "Rishengchang" was born in Pingyao Ancient City. The establishment of Rishengchang is of epoch-making significance in China's ancient and modern financial history. It marks the emergence of a new financial industry in modern China in the commercial financial body in the late feudal society of China. During the Qing Dynasty, the birthplace of Rishengchang draft bank, with the development of commercial economy, some large firms of Shanxi merchants gradually formed a commercial system with general numbers in Shanxi and semicolons in other places, operating across regions. In this case, large-scale wholesale transportation has brought huge cash transportation business, so a new payment and settlement method-bank number exchange came into being. 1824 In the fourth year of Daoguang, the first Rishengchang bank in China was established on the basis of Pingyao West Street and Xiyucheng Pigment Store. Three years later, we set up branches in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces for 65438+ 1940, and further expanded our business to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry. It can be seen that Pingyao occupies a very important position in the modern financial history of China. The traffic vein of Pingyao ancient city consists of four criss-crossing streets, eight small streets and seventy-two dragonflies. South Street is the central axis of Pingyao ancient city, starting from the junction of East Street and West Street in the north and reaching Dadongmen (Yingxunmen) in the south. Gushi Tower runs through the north and south, and there are many old brands and traditional shops on both sides of the street. It is the most prosperous traditional commercial street. During the Qing Dynasty, Nanjie controlled more than 50% of the financial institutions in China. It is called "Waltz Street" in China. West Street starts from Xiaximen (Fengyimen) in the west, intersects with the northern ends of East Street and South Street, and forms a straight main street with East Street. Rishengchang, the first famous bank in China, was born in Gucheng West Street, which is known as "the first financial street in Qing Dynasty". Rishengchang Bank was founded in the fourth year of Daoguang (AD 1824). The site covers an area of 2,324 square meters, with compact land and distinctive functions. After a hundred years of vicissitudes and brilliant achievements, it occupied the leading position in national finance, initiated the national banking in China, and once manipulated the economic lifeline of the whole Qing Dynasty in the19th century. Its semicolons are distributed in more than 30 cities and commercial ports in China, as far away as Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other countries, and are known as "Huitong World". After Rishengchang Bank was founded, Jiexiu, Taigu and Qixian followed suit. East Street starts from the lower East Gate (Qin and Han Gate) in the east, intersects with the north ends of West and South Street, and forms a straight main street with West Street. North Street starts from the north gate (Gongjimen) and Nantong West Street. Baxiao Street and 72 Dragonfly Hutong have their own names, some of which are named after nearby buildings or eye-catching signs, such as Yamen Street, Shuyuan Street, Jiaochang Lane, Helanqiao Lane, Flagstaff Street, Sanyanjing Street, Zhaobi South Street and Xiaochayuan Lane. Some are named after Confucius Temple, such as Miao Wen Street, Chenghuangmiao Street, Luohanmiao Street, Huoshenmiao Street, Guandi Temple Street, Zhenwumiao Street and Wudaomiao Street. Some are named after large local families, such as Zhao Street, Leijiayuan Street, Song Menghuai Lane, Xiang, Jijia Lane, Guojia Lane, Jie, Shaojia Lane and Majia Lane. There is a relatively closed city in the northeast corner of the ancient city, similar to the square in the ancient city. The four nearby streets are named Dongbijingbao, Zhongbijingbao, Xibijingbao and Waibao Street. There are still some streets and lanes that have not been able to explore the origin of their names, such as Renyi Street, Sweet Water Lane, Bean Sprout Street and Huludu Lane. The houses in Pingyao ancient city are mainly wooden quadrangles with brick walls and tiled roofs, with strict layout, symmetry and respect for order. Large families build two-entry, three-entry courtyards or even larger courtyards, which are separated by gorgeous hanging doors. Most residential courtyards are beautifully decorated. Brick carvings are usually built at the entrance, wood carvings are placed on the beams under the eaves, and stone carvings are used to decorate columns, doorposts and stone drums. There is a folk saying: "Ten eccentrics of Pingyao ancient city", one of which is "a half-built house." The reason why most houses in Pingyao fall into the water is a single slope, which is generally said to be "four waters return to the hall" or "fat water does not flow out of the field". Shanxi is located in drought and has a big sandstorm. Building a house on a single slope can increase the height of the outer wall facing the street, but not opening windows along the street can effectively resist sandstorms and improve the safety factor. The compact layout of the hospital shows the national character of xenophobia and internal cohesion. Chenghuangmiao is located in Chenghuangmiao Street in the southeast of the city. It consists of three groups of buildings: the City God Temple, the God of Wealth Temple and the Kitchen God Temple. City God is one of the important gods generally worshipped in ancient Han religious culture, and most of them are served by famous ministers and heroes who have contributed to the local people. I don't know where the slogan "The emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, but the county magistrate came from" came from, but in history, especially in the Ming Dynasty, the official position of the city god was indeed higher than that of the county magistrate. Ming Taizu's imperial edict requires all localities to build the Town God Temple, which is set symmetrically with the county government, and "Yin and Yang perform their respective duties", which is the ancient "people and gods rule together * * *". Qingxu Guan, located in the east section of East Street, was founded in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. The existing main building is a relic of the Ming Dynasty, and it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Pingyao Ancient City-It is said that Pingyao Ancient City is an ancient street in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was built during the Zhou Xuanwang period from 827 BC to 782 BC by the garrison of Yin Jifu, the general of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Pingyao City has been the seat of county administration since the Qin government implemented the "county system" in 22 1 BC and continues to this day. Pingyao ancient city experienced vicissitudes and became the most complete prototype of ancient county town in China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient city we are seeing now is what it looked like after the expansion in the third year of Ming Hongwu (1370). Pingyao city after the expansion is magnificent, with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers. It is the oldest and largest county wall in Shanxi and China. A bird's eye view of Pingyao ancient city is even more amazing. This flat square wall, shaped like a turtle, has six doors, one in the north, one in the south and two in the east and west. The south gate of the city is the turtle head, and two wells outside the gate symbolize the turtle eye. The north gate is the turtle tail, which is the lowest place in the city, and the accumulated water in the city will flow out through it. There are four crocks in the city, facing each other. The doors of the upper west gate, the lower west gate and the upper east gate all face south and look like turtle claws, but the outer door of the lower east gate of the crock directly faces east. It is said that the tortoise was afraid of crawling away when building the city, so he stretched his left leg and tied it to the foothills twenty miles away from the city. This seemingly illusory legend shows the ancient people's great worship of turtles. Turtles are immortal, and in the eyes of the ancients, they are naturally sacred as gods. It embodies the deep meaning of hoping to make Pingyao ancient city rock solid, golden soup forever solid, safe and sound, and last forever. There are also 72 enemy watchtowers on the wall, and there are 3000 cribs on the outside of the wall. It is said to be a symbol of Confucius' 3,000 disciples and 72 sages. Pingyao Ancient City-Three Treasures Pingyao Night Scene It is said that there are three treasures in Pingyao, and the ancient city wall is one of them. Pingyao county wall. Built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, the outer wall is all brick, the crib is built on the wall, and there is a moat outside the wall, which is 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. There are 3,000 battlements and 72 watchtowers, which are said to symbolize 3,000 disciples of Confucius and 72 saints. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling. The treasure of the ancient city wall is the city wall of Pingyao County. Built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest existing city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, the outer wall is all brick, the crib is built on the wall, and there is a moat outside the wall, which is 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. There are 3,000 battlements and 72 watchtowers, which are said to symbolize 3,000 disciples of Confucius and 72 saints. . After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling. The streets, shops and houses in Pingyao ancient city have maintained the traditional layout and style. This street is cross-shaped, and shops are built along it. The pavement is strong and tall, with colored paintings under the eaves and colored carvings on the beams, which are antique. The houses behind the pavement are quadrangles with blue bricks and gray tiles, and the axes are clear and symmetrical. The whole ancient city presents a quaint style. The National Temple in Bauer Town is the second treasure of the ancient city, out of the north gate of the ancient city. Built in the Five Dynasties (A.D. 10 century), the Buddha Hall of this temple is the third oldest wooden structure in China, with a history of over 1000 years. The five-generation colored sculptures in the temple are rare sculptures. Sanbao Shuanglin Temple is located in the southwest of the ancient city. The temple was built in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 57 1). There are more than 2,000 colored plastic statues from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty (13 ~17th century) in more than 0/0 halls in the temple, which is known as the "treasure house of colored plastic art". National key cultural relics protection units: Pingyao City Wall, Zhenguo Temple, Pingyao Shuanglin Temple, Cixiang Temple and Pingyao Confucian Temple.

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