Brief introduction and historical evaluation of Liu Bei's story of borrowing Jingzhou

There are many famous stories in history. Every dynasty has a different story. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a famous one-Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou. Do you know the story of Liu Bei borrowing Jingzhou? Is Liu Bei evaluated by Jingzhou story? Come and have a look if you want to know!

A brief account of Liu Bei's story of borrowing Jingzhou

After Battle of Red Cliffs, the seven counties of Jingzhou contested by military strategists were divided among Liu Bei, Cao Cao and Sun Quan. Cao Cao occupied Nanyang County, the largest county in the north of Jingzhou, Sun Quan got Jiangxia County and Nanjun County, and Liu Bei got four counties in the south of Jingzhou (Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang and Wuling). Liu Bei's garrison is not conducive to development. He borrowed South County of Jingzhou from Sun Quan twice. Lu Su persuaded Sun Quan to lend Nanjun to Liu Bei temporarily, so Liu Bei had five counties in Jingzhou (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang and Wuling), resisted Cao Cao in the north and Sun Quan in the east, won Yizhou (now Sichuan) and established Han Shu's foundation industry. Later, after Liu Bei got Sichuan, he did not return it to Nanjun. Therefore, under the oppression of Sun Quan, it was returned in a tense situation, but Changsha and Guiyang were returned to Sun Quan as southern counties.

Liu Bei borrowed the story of Jingzhou.

There is a folk allegorical saying: "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou-if he borrowed it, he would not be able to pay it back", which gives people the impression that Liu Bei is cheating and not paying it back. People mistakenly think that he borrowed the whole Jingzhou, but this is not the case. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Biao occupied Jingzhou. Jingzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with rich resources, large population and relatively developed economy and culture. Moreover, the geographical location is very important, with Yizhou in the west and Jiangdong in the east.

There are seven counties in Jingzhou (Nanyang County, Nanjun County, Jiangxia County, Changsha County, Lingling County, Wuling County and Guiyang County). After Battle of Red Cliffs, Wei, Shu and Wu were divided into three parts: Cao Cao was defeated and still retained Nanyang and Xiangyang counties in the north; Sun Quan contributed a lot, but only got Nanjun, Jiangxia and Wuling (Wuling barbarians fought against chaos and attacked and defended the city, so he was the leader of the garrison. ) three counties; Liu Bei won the most, winning three counties in the south of Jingzhou-Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. ("Wuling satrap, kill for attack. See Wu Weichuan, "Taking Liang as a military commander, making Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha governors and adjusting their taxes to exile the army").

After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su of Soochow strongly persuaded Sun Quan to "lend" part of Jingzhou occupied by Soochow to Liu Bei, so that Liu Bei could gain a firm foothold and resist Cao Cao with Soochow. Sun Quan was right to think about it, so he "lent" Jingzhou Nanjun to Liu Bei, one for Liu Bei to act as a strategic outpost against Cao Cao, and the other for Liu Bei's loyalty.

Therefore, "borrowing Jingzhou" is actually borrowing Jingzhou Nanjun to confirm that Liu Bei can be divided into Wuling and Guiyang counties. (Previously, Sun Quan appointed Quan Rou as the magistrate of Guiyang), while Sun Quan recovered parts of Changsha and established Hanchang County. (Fortune teller www.bmfsm.com)

Later, Liu Bei got Yizhou, and Sun Quan sent someone to ask for Jingzhou. The relationship between the two sides was tense and tense.

When Cao Cao entered Hanzhong, Liu Bei was worried about losing Yizhou and sent messengers to make peace with Sun Quan, who was also worried about not winning. So the two families re-divided Jingzhou, with Xiangshui as the boundary: the east of Changsha, Jiangxia and Guiyang counties belonged to Sun Quan; Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling belong to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei and Sun Quan each occupy three counties. In this way, Liu Bei not only "returned" a county, but also ceded a county, but actually still did not return the original Nanjun, competing with Cao Cao for Hanzhong, and won Hanzhong in 2 19 (twenty-four years of Jian 'an). In July of that year, he claimed to be the king of Hanzhong.

However, Sun Quan was not satisfied. He thought Jingzhou lived in the upper reaches of Dongwu, and Liu Bei was a great threat to Dongwu. If Liu Bei's forces are driven out of Jingzhou, Soochow will not only consolidate the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, but also develop into Bashu. Then the whole south fought against Cao Cao's north, thus unifying China.

In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), Lu Su died of illness and Monroe succeeded to the throne. If Lu Su is a United Liu faction, then he is resolutely opposed to Liu faction.

In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Wei Jun fought Liu Bei in Hanzhong. Guan Yu stationed in Jingzhou actively cooperated with Liu Bei's actions, personally led Jingzhou's main force to attack Fancheng and Xiangyang occupied by Wei Jun, defeated Cao Wei's general Coss, and seized the opportunity to besiege Xiangyang and Fancheng. Cao Cao deployed troops everywhere to solve the siege of Xiangfan, including Yujin's Seventh Army, Huang Xu Legion and Zhang Liao Legion. Guan Yu skillfully took advantage of the opportunity of the surge of Hanshui River to drown the Seventh Army, escaped from the ban and beheaded Pound. The Central Plains echoed Guan Yu's Northern Expedition, and Guan Yu had a great shock to China. Cao Cao almost planned to move the capital to avoid Guan Yu's sharpness.

At the suggestion of Sima Yi and others, Cao Cao joined forces with Sun Quan of Dongwu to let Sun Quan take the opportunity to sneak attack on Jingzhou, Guan Yu's rear area, leaving no room, giving Monroe of Dongwu an opportunity. Finally, at the end of February19, Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and lost Jingzhou, a strategic place. Guan Yu's mistake was to rush to attack Fancheng in the north, but he didn't guard against Sun Quan's violation of the Covenant and didn't pay attention to consolidating his rear area, so that he lost the strategic place Jingzhou!

Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou not to return the hidden truth behind it.

First, who is Jingzhou?

When Dong Zhuo was in chaos, all localities began to crusade. At this time, Jingzhou secretariat is Wang Chui. According to the biography of the reflection of Sun Jian and its notes, Sun Jian worshipped the Changsha satrap at that time and attacked the yellow turban insurrectionary thief between Lingling and Guiyang with the secretariat. He thought that Sun Jian was a humble warrior and didn't treat him like a dish. Wang Chui Rebels fought against Dong Zhuo, but they disagreed with Cao Yin, the prefect of Wuling, and advocated killing Cao Yin first, and then raising volunteers. They didn't want Cao Yin to collude with Sun Jian to pretend to be a "case executor" and kill Wang Chui, forcing Wang Chui to swallow gold and commit suicide. Then the Nanyang satrap was beheaded by Sun Jian without authorization, and Sun Jian killed the long collectors and county magistrate in vain, which made Jingzhou break up in discord.

Wang Shao died, and Liu Biao replaced Wang Shao as the secretariat of Jingzhou. At this time, Sun Jian was recommended by Yuan Shu as the secretariat of Yuzhou, but Yuan Shu was afraid of Sun Jian, so he appointed Zhou Hao as the secretariat of Yuzhou and made Sun Jian attack Jingzhou. Sun Jian was killed by Liu Biao's men. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao levied Jingzhou, and Liu Cong, the son of Liu Biao, surrendered and became the secretariat of Qingzhou. Cao Cao took the opportunity to go south to win Jiangnan in one fell swoop, but Cao Cao defeated Chibi in the spring breeze, and Jingzhou slowly returned to Sun Liu's hands. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Biao's eldest sons, Liu Bei and Liu Qi, were appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, and Liu Qi died soon. Sun Quan Chuan said: In fourteen years, Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Bei was in charge of Xuzhou animal husbandry. Prepare to lead Jingzhou animal husbandry police. Liu Bei led Jingzhou animal husbandry and jointly managed public security with General Zuo. According to the above records, Liu Bei has actually been the master of Jingzhou since Liu Biao, Liu Cong and Liu Qi. Since Liu Bei is the secretariat of Jingzhou, Jingzhou should be owned by Liu Bei, but why is Jingzhou borrowed? There is little information about borrowing Jingzhou in historical materials, so we can only speculate.

Second, borrow the origin of Jingzhou.

There are eight counties in Jingzhou, namely Nanyang County, Nanjun County, Jiangxia County, Lingling County, Guiyang County, Wuling County, Changsha County and Xiangyang County. When Liu Cong surrendered, Cao Cao occupied Nanyang, Nanjun and Xiangyang. Cao Cao was defeated, Liu Bei and Zhou Yu pursued and recovered Nanjun in the north, and Zhou Yu led Nanjun to be a satrap. When Liu Qi was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, Liu Beinan levied four counties and occupied Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling. After that, among the eight counties in Jingzhou, Cao Cao occupied Nanyang and Xiangyang, Liu Bei occupied Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling, and Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia and Nanjun. In terms of power, Sun Quan seems to have only two counties, and it was not until Liu Bei's defeat that he was able to unite Sun Quan. He contributed more to defeating Cao Cao and Wu Dong than Shu Han. In addition, Sun Jian and Sun Ce have always been eyeing Jingzhou, and Sun Quan also regards Lu Su as "the neighbor of Fu Jingchu ... If there is evidence, the capital of this emperor is also." For the goal, determined to win Jingzhou. After Liu Bei conquered the four counties, Liu Qi led Jingzhou to graze, and Sun Quan was a little scared, so "it is good to adopt a younger sister by adoption" ("Liu Bei Biography"). In Sun Quan's eyes, although Liu Bei is the master of Jingzhou, he is actually in his shadow. It is inferred that there should be a part of borrowing Sun Quan's four counties, which will be mentioned in the following Jingzhou dispute.

Third, the battle of Jingzhou.

According to Biography of Jiangbiao, Zhou Yu was the prefect of Nanjun, and he was assigned to the south bank to make preparations. Beibie camped in Youjiangkou and changed its name to Public Security. When Liu Biao's officials saw that they belonged to the North Army, they rebelled and prepared. In case the land given is not enough to comfort the people, I will borrow several counties from Jingzhou. It is impossible to know how many counties Liu Bei borrowed from Sun Quan, but it can be inferred from the development of Liu Bei's Biography: "In twenty years, Sun Quan and his predecessor gained Yizhou, which made them want to report to Jingzhou." Twenty years after Jian 'an, Liu Bei destroyed Liu Zhang and transferred from Jingzhou to Yizhou. Sun Quan was shocked by Liu Bei's ability. According to Wu Dong's policy, if Liu Bei does not occupy Jingzhou, Sun Quan will March into Bashu. Now that Liu Bei got Yizhou, Sun Quan naturally refused to make Liu Beiyou two states bigger and stronger, so he sent officials to take over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. As a result, he was expelled by Guan Yu. Sun Quan was furious and sent Monroe and Luyang. Liu Bei was also furious, and dispatch troops made a decisive battle with Sun Quan with 50,000 yuan. As it happens, Cao Cao is conquering Hanzhong, and Liu Bei is afraid that Yizhou will fall and get back together with Sun Quan. The counties in Jingzhou are divided as follows: "Changsha, Jiangxia and Guiyang in Jingzhou are in the east, and Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling are in the west." Since then, the Jingzhou dispute has temporarily subsided, but it has laid a curse for the Sun-Liu alliance.

Fourth, organ failure.

After Lu Meng succeeded Lu Su, the situation became worse. Lv Meng's strategy is that although Sun Quan is a herdsman in Xuzhou, Xuzhou is within Cao Cao's sphere of influence. Today it is captured and tomorrow it will be lost. It's better to take feathers and lean against the Yangtze River, and the situation will be better. In order to seize Jingzhou completely, Monroe tried her best, first with "honey trap", then "crossing the sea by hiding the sky", then "crossing the river with friends and attacking at a short distance", and finally "fishing in troubled waters" and "drawing a salary from the bottom", and almost exhausted all the intrigues. Finally, Guan Yu was defeated and Maicheng and his son were killed. In order to capture Jingzhou, Sun Quan was proud of selling himself and voluntarily surrendered to Cao Wei, but he didn't know that the mantis was behind the cicada and the yellowbird, and he was finally caught by Cao Wei's plan of "killing people with a knife". Although the battle of Jingzhou has settled, it is of great significance. The battle of Jingzhou seems to be a local war, but it has made a major turning point in history and become a microcosm of the Three Kingdoms.

Liu Bei's Historical Evaluation of Jingzhou

Liu Bei's borrowing Jingzhou is a famous event in the history of the Three Kingdoms. As a historical allusion, it has also evolved into a famous two-part allegorical saying: "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou-he borrowed it and didn't pay it back", which is a household name.

Influenced by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, people generally get the impression that the whole Jingzhou was "borrowed" by Liu Bei to Sun Quan for nothing. In the fifty-first chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Coss fought with Wu Dongbing and Kong Ming, which was described by Zhou Gongjin. Zhou Yu struggled to escape from Cao Jun. As a result, he got married and the city was occupied by Zhuge Liang. The strength of the other four counties in the south of the Yangtze River is empty. Zhou Yu vomited blood with anger. Zhou Yu said in the novel: "We use tricks to destroy military power and waste money and food. Isn't it disgusting that he went to the reserve team?

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