Information about the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival and Zhang Zeduan.

Brief introduction to life

Zhang Zeduan Northern Song Dynasty painter. The word Zhengdao was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). In his early years, he studied in Bianjing (now Kaifeng), then studied painting, and worked in Hanlin Painting Academy when he was a member of Hui Zong. He is good at genre painting, especially ships, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the life scenes of all social strata in the suburbs of Bianjing during Qingming Festival, which is real and vivid, and is an excellent genre painting with important historical value. Another "Jin Ming Chi Biao Tu" is also an artistic masterpiece.

◇ Works ▼

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is 22.5 cm high and 525 cm long. It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

This paper describes the activities of people in the city and suburbs on the day of Bianjing Tomb-Sweeping Day, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, showing the prosperity of industry, commerce and transportation in the capital at that time and becoming a wonderful flower in genre painting in the Song Dynasty.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the suburban scenery on the right, the Bianhe River in the middle and Bianjing Street on the left, which truly reflects the social features of Bianjing and has historical document value. The whole picture is rich in content, with more than 500 people, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 boats and shafts, tight and compact structure and clear paragraphs; The characters are complex and have different expressions; The pen and ink skills are sophisticated and mature, the lines are vigorous and accurate, the characters are accompanied, and the colors are elegant. The complicated scenes are displayed calmly in the painter's pen, grand and spectacular, and nuanced; The climax is one after another, fascinating. Looking at this picture gives people an immersive feeling, like hearing its voice, lifelike and amazing!

The picture depicts the bustling scene of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period. The riverside scene on Qingming Festival was a folk custom at that time, such as today's holiday party, where people took part in business activities. The whole picture is large in scale and rigorous in structure. It is roughly divided into three sections: the first section is the suburban landscape, the second section is the Bianhe River, and the third section is the urban market.

First, the scene on the outskirts of Bianjing. Farmers farm in the fields, and rich people come back from sweeping graves. On the way, people carrying teams, porters and cyclists are rushing to the city. Next is the most wonderful part-Bianhe. The arch bridge on the Bianhe River is like a rainbow. Pedestrians on the bridge are like a tide, bustling, jostling shoulder to shoulder, and ships under the bridge compete for beauty. Many small plots are very interesting. If a frightened horse on the bridge causes danger, the donkey is also frightened, and curious people are watching. Then describe the Bianjing market. Bianjing, as the political, economic and cultural center at that time, was full of yamen, houses, workshops, restaurants, scattered houses, downtown, nine schools and three religions. The picture unfolds a leisurely scene with tension and relaxation, forming an interesting contrast and rhythm. By describing the architecture, commerce and transportation of Bianjing, the painter reproduces the prosperity and development of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.

There are more than 550 people, more than 60 kinds of livestock, more than 20 wooden boats, more than 30 pavilions and more than 20 wheelbarrows on the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival. Such rich and colorful contents are rare in ancient paintings of past dynasties. What is commendable is that every figure, scene and detail in the painting are arranged reasonably, and the relationship between the pictures such as density, complexity, movement, gathering and dispersion is properly handled, so that it is complicated but not messy. It fully shows the painter's profound insight into social life and high artistic accomplishment and expression ability.

The Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival is not only a treasure of realistic painting art, but also provides us with rich video materials such as commerce, handicrafts, folk customs, architecture and transportation in the metropolis of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, it also has the value of historical documents.

Historical materials: Introduction and complete picture decomposition of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (photos)

Brief introduction of Qingming Riverside Map:

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a long scroll with historical value. By describing the activities of people from all walks of life in Bianliang (now Kaifeng), Tomb-Sweeping Day, Bianhe with Hongqiao as the center, the author reflects some aspects of social life in this historical period. Hanlin Zhang Zeduan (AD12nd century), a native of Zhucheng, Shandong Province, was a professional painter at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. I used to work in the Painting Academy, and I was good at drawing figures, pavilions, boats and cars. The distance between the bridge and the house on the city wall, the size of grass, trees, horses, cows, donkeys and camels, as well as residents, pedestrians, boats and cars, are all vividly written. The whole scene is huge and rich in content. The painter highly summarized and concentrated on describing various complex social images and folk customs. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an immortal masterpiece, and it is a national treasure in terms of artistic value and historical value.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is 525cm long and 25.5cm wide, including 684 figures, 96 livestock, 122 houses, 8 sedan chairs, 25 boats and 124 trees. The Northern Song Dynasty genre painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. A masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, a first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the most famous works in China's painting history. It is not only of superb artistic level, but also has many interesting stories circulating around it.

Author Zhang Zeduan, whose name is Zhengdao, was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). Song Huizong is a court painter. When I was a teenager, I went to study in the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). After that, I learned painting, especially painting boats and cars, painting urban bridges, painting Guo Jing, and getting married. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is Zhang Zeduan's masterpiece, which was collected by Xuanhe Neifu in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a light-colored silk book with a height of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm. The original is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records the architecture and people's livelihood in the suburbs of Bianjing (now Kaifeng), the capital of Hui Zong era, and on both sides of Bianhe River in the city with exquisite brushwork. This painting depicts the bustling scene and natural scenery on both sides of Bianliang and Bianhe, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period. In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture. There are more than 500 people in the painting, with different clothes and expressions, interspersed with various activities, paying attention to drama, dense composition, changing rhythm and rhythm, and ingenious brushwork. The whole picture is divided into three sections.

The first paragraph, Bianjing rural spring:

In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal. They are going to town. A willow forest, with faint green branches, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.

In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:

Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people are resting in the teahouse, some are telling fortune, and some are eating in the restaurant. There is also the Wangs paper horse shop, which sells sacrifices to sweep graves. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, either pulled by trackers or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, some are berthing and unloading nervously. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people were busy lowering the mast so that the boat could only pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation.

In the second half, busy city streets:

Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. Silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses and so on all have specialized businesses. In addition, there are medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Large-scale shops are also tied up with "colorful buildings and happy doors", and banners are hung to attract business, and pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other. There are businessmen who do business and people who look at street scenes. There are monks walking with baskets on their backs, tourists asking for directions from other places, street children who have heard of books, brothers and sisters who binge in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of cities, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen, and all kinds of people are prepared. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flat car and flatbed car. Vividly displayed in front of people.

More than 550 people of various colors were painted in the picture scroll with a total length of more than five meters, including fifty or sixty cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 vehicles and bridges, and more than 20 ships. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.

In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts' research on this subject, everyone's opinions are basically the same, and they all think that this painting of the Palace Museum in Beijing is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan.

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Zhang Zeduan and His Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the painting style changed greatly, and genre painting had a wide range of subjects.

Master, Zhang Zeduan, Riverside Map, Growth Volume.

In the northern song dynasty, the grain city was the most prosperous;

People, front and back, chariots and horses, all concentrated.

There are restaurants, tea sheds, blacksmiths and carpenters;

Flower girl, fortune teller, under the bridge, everything goes well.

Buildings and floors are bustling with clear strokes;

Miscellaneous but not chaotic, step by step, the ancient city, into the eye.

From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, figure painting has undergone new changes, that is, genre painting and historical painting have made new development. The subject matter of genre painting is quite extensive, involving all aspects of citizens' lives, such as city streets, city walls, vendors, baby plays, ladies, chariots and horses, agricultural weaving, village studies, village animal husbandry, water transportation, navigation and so on.

Zhang Zeduan, a native of Zhucheng, Wu Dong, studied in Bianjing in his early years and then studied painting. Hui Zong works in Hanlin Painting Academy and is good at painting chariots and horses, streets, bridges and city walls. In addition to painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he also painted Bidding for the West Lake, both of which describe secular life.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has a typical representative significance in the genre painting in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the painting of ladies is the result of the long-term development of figure painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival takes Bianhe River as a typical environment, and depicts people's activities, buildings, tools and other secular human feelings at that time, which is of great historical value. On the basis of careful observation, the painter faithfully and meticulously described the bustling scene of the gates, streets and lanes of Bianliang City in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Bianhe River outside the gates. There are various commercial activities, handicraft activities, water transport activities on the river and various people's sightseeing activities on the screen. In addition to restaurants, pharmacies and other large shops, there are incense shops, bow shops, small tea shops or wine shops at the crossroads, as well as pawn shops with "Jie" signs hanging in front of them. Carpenters who make wheels, blacksmiths who sell knives and scissors, flower sellers, fortune tellers and various vendors can all be identified one by one. There are all kinds of people in the street, officials riding horses, surrounded by waiters passing through the crowd; Some women ride in small cars. In this noise, some people carry loads, some people drive cars, and the styles of cars are different. Some people are making boats on the river, some are wandering around, and some are leaning against the fence at the door. This lively scene, the painter arranged in an orderly way, mixed but not chaotic, fascinating, and the ancient capital reappeared in front of him. In terms of composition, there are always points, main points, fine points, thick points, tension and relaxation; Mainly in rural areas, rivers and cities, it is gradually spread out and has a lot of layers. The countryside is introductory and relatively simple. When I entered the river, I focused on describing the ship freight until the arch bridge, which formed the first climax. On the bridge, off the bridge, the boat came to the boat. People hurried, noisy and nervous, and then gradually turned away, ending the most important part of the center. From restaurants and bridges, streets lead directly to cities and various vehicles. Shops, all kinds of people, etc. Step by step, one place is tight, forming the second climax. From the city to the second street, the picture ends. There are many copies of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Southern Song Dynasty, including one or two volumes of gold, which shows the significance of southerners' nostalgia for the bustling feelings of their old capital.