Bystanders in Lu Xun's works

1906, when the young Lu Xun was dreaming in Sendai Medical College, Japan, he saw a slide of current events about the Russo-Japanese War. On the screen, he? Suddenly meet his long-lost China people? . ? One was tied in the middle, and many stood around. The same strong physique, but also numb. According to the explanation, they were tied up as Russian military detectives and were about to be beheaded by the Japanese army, surrounded by people who came to enjoy this spectacular event. ? Since then, this scene has been deeply engraved in the heart of young Lu Xun. Although it lasted for a long time, it became an important complex in his future creation? Gu called it? Watching the story? . It is like a nightmare, constantly correcting him, ruling him, and finally guiding him to reform the germination and maturity of national character thought.

This spectator complex contains huge psychological energy (called Libido by Freud), which is constantly released and transformed through Lu Xun's pen. Scanning Lu Xun's works, we can easily find that under the trigger of this spectator complex, Lu Xun cut into the national character along the unique spectator angle, made arduous and long-term unremitting exploration, shaped a series of spectator images, formed an organic spectator system, and hosted Lu Xun? Mention suffering and attract the attention of rescuers? Hope and? Sad for his misfortune, angry for his indisputable? Helpless.

First, the audience: as a preparation for thought and creation.

Before the True Story of Ah Q, there were spectators in almost all novels except a little thing and hometown in Scream. They watch and admire revolutionaries, humiliate and laugh at suffering.

Madman, as an anti-feudal fighter, his unusual words and deeds were not only oppressed and opposed by feudal guardians, but also surrounded by numb and boring spectators.

The strangest thing is that the woman in the street beat her son yesterday and said, Lao Zi! I have to bite you a few times to get angry! ? She looked at me. I was taken aback and couldn't hide it; The people with blue faces and fangs all burst into laughter.

This passage can be regarded as the initial exposure of the spectator image in Lu Xun's works. A group of people with green faces and fangs are laughing at the revolutionaries. Why not surprise him?

Those people in twos and threes suddenly cooperated with each other and rushed forward like the tide; When we reached the T-junction, we suddenly stood up and formed a semicircle. Old Shuan also looked over there and only saw the backs of a bunch of people; The neck stretched out very long, as if many ducks were held up by invisible hands.

This is the scene that Yu Xia, a revolutionary in the novel Medicine, was watched and appreciated by the audience before his death. The blood of the revolutionaries did not awaken them from their dreams of numbness and ignorance. Instead, it has become the talk and joke in their teahouses and pubs, but it has become their remedy and medicine for treating diseases!

What about revolutionaries? Weird? If the words and deeds and sacrifices in the boring life of spectators are stimulants, then the suffering of the people at the bottom of society is a little monosodium glutamate in their boring life. Although not enough * * *, but also some fresh.

Kong Yiji drank half a bowl of wine, and her red face gradually recovered. Others asked:? Kong Yiji, can you really read? ? Kong Yiji looked at the person who asked him and showed disdain. They went on to say,? Why can't you even get half a scholar? ? Kong Yiji immediately looked upset and his face was gray? At this time, everyone laughed; The air inside and outside the store is full of joy.

Lu Xun said "Kong Yiji"? Is describing cool thin, who is suffering in general society? . These boring spectators in Xianheng Hotel are not only enjoying other people's pain, but sprinkling salt on other people's wounds for fun. In less than three thousand words, there are three detailed descriptions about Kong Yiji being amused!

Sister-in-law Shan finally drifted into the sleepy village, and the whole room was quiet. At this time, the ditty of the old arch with red nose has already been sung; Stumbling out of Xianheng, he picked up his voice and sang: My enemy! ? Pity you,? Lonely Lanpi Awu grabbed the old arch's shoulder, and the two men crowded together with a smile.

On one side? Are there many things in front of widows? The pain of bereavement, on the one hand, is the * * * dalliance of watching people fish in troubled waters. "Tomorrow" the grief of a single fourth sister-in-law who lost her husband and children is not the material for spectators to make fun of!

The villagers just stood, thinking, and felt that they were really unable to resist Zhang Yide, so they decided that 7 pounds had killed them. Since seven catties broke the imperial law, I remember that when he used to tell the news in the city, he shouldn't be so proud with a long pipe, so he felt a little carefree about breaking the imperial law.

Zhang xun restoration, caused a seven-pound family? Storm? Instead of persuasion, the villagers all felt carefree. What a group of schadenfreude spectators, they thought another killing drama was coming!

From 19 18' s Diary of a Madman, to 19 19' s Kong Yiji and Medicine, and then to 1920' s Tomorrow and the Storm, for more than two years, Lu Xun never stopped talking about "The Country" However, because these novels undertake too many anti-feudal tasks, the author's excavation of national inferiority has become a vassal of the political theme of the novels to varying degrees. In these novels, the image of spectators mostly appears as a group image, and the typicality of spectators is not high. However, this is only the initial stage of the energy release of the spectator complex libido. Just like a volcano, a peak of energy release is coming. Because this early portrait of the spectator group has made full ideological and creative preparations and necessary preparations for the birth of a typical spectator.

Second, Ah Q: As a typical spectator.

There is no doubt that Ah Q is the focus of Lu Xun? Write a soul of our modern people? , is his great excavation and brilliant harvest of China's national character research in the past 20 years. Ah Q is a typical example of spiritual victory and a spectator.

? Have you ever seen decapitation? ? Ask,? Yeah, nice. Kill the revolutionary party. Well, it looks good,

He shook his head and spat in Zhao's face. In this passage, the listener was dumbfounded. But when Ah Q looked around again, he suddenly raised his right hand and cut it straight on Wang Hu's posterior fossa, craning his neck and listening intently. Cha! ?

Is the blood of the revolutionary party the ignorance of the masses in medicine? Medicine? In "The True Story of Ah Q", it became the talk material to win the respect of non-Zhuang people. He was fascinated by the retelling and reappearance of the scene, and he was satisfied with the attention and awe of the audience. After all, he has seen the world in the city. He was so happy that his saliva flew to Zhao's face, but Zhao didn't respond. Even Wang Hu, who was used as a prop by Ah Q, actually? After that, I had a headache for many days? .

Lu Xun not only reveals the typical personality tendency naturally through the portrayal of the image, but also clearly defines Ah Q's personality from the narrator's point of view.

When he took off his clothes, he heard the noise outside. Ah Q always likes to watch the fun, so he went out to look for a sound. ? Mrs. Zhao's mistress is dragging Wu Ma around the room.

This time, Ah Q forgot that Wu Ma was ashamed to commit suicide after being molested by him until she saw Grandpa Zhao? Get up and walk up to him with a big bamboo pole? . The fascination with excitement masked the humiliation he had just suffered, so the author used? Looking for sound? Instead of. Follow the sound? . One? Looking for what? Words, tells the author's good intentions.

Suddenly he heard a strange sound, not firecrackers. Ah Q was originally a nosy person, so he went straight to the past in the dark.

? Looking for what? And what do you want? Direct search? , conditions? In the dark? . A few words will show the personality and face of the spectator incisively and vividly.

In a sense, The True Story of Ah Q is a text about spectators. For the audience? Sad for his misfortune, angry for his indisputable? It constitutes an important theme of The True Story of Ah Q. The author's conscious efforts can be seen not only from Ah Q, a typical spectator, but also from the other hand. On the other hand, as an appreciator, Ah Q is always appreciated by the spectators around him.

He flirted with a little nun and was appreciated?

Ah Q became more and more cheerful when he saw that his meritorious service was appreciated. Monks move, I can't move? ? He twisted Yi's cheek. Everyone in the hotel laughed. Ah Q is proud. In order to satisfy those connoisseurs, he has to twist it hard before putting it down.

He and D were appreciated when it happened in Long Hudou?

? All right, all right! ? The spectators said that they didn't know whether to persuade, praise or incite. This one? Long Hudou? There seems to be no difference between victory and defeat, and I don't know if the people watching it can be satisfied, and I haven't made any comments.

He was appreciated when he was shown and executed?

He looked around in frustration, and everyone followed like ants. ? This time, he saw more terrible eyes than he had ever seen. They are blunt and sharp, and he chews not only his words, but also things other than his body. ? These eyes seem to be connected and have been biting his soul there.

Here, the typical Ah Q and the spectators around him even the spectators mentioned in our last article form a group? Mirror city style? This system, this system is a bit like Lucas? Samaras's famous painting Room in the Mirror. Ah Q is the main body in this mirror city, which is reflected by the surrounding audience groups, that is, other elements in the audience system as a virtual group reflect the real main body Ah Q as the core element of the system. Virtual cause is clear, and real cause is strong. As a huge, profound and vigorous background, emptiness makes Ah Q, as a typical spectator, more and more rich in personality, and his typical aesthetic and cultural significance is far-reaching. This is not only the charm of artistic dialectics, but also the function and significance of audience system.

Before his death, Ah Q felt the horror of the spectators around him, but he himself had enjoyed the killing of the revolutionary party with the same horrible eyes. Those who appreciate others are destined to be appreciated by others. This is what goes around comes around from generation to generation. But isn't this retribution the historical fate of spectators in a specific historical period? Ah Q's happy reunion is not only a great contribution to the audience system, but also another powerful evidence that he is considered as a typical audience. Through his happy reunion, Lu Xun let us see the future and development of the spectator system and see through the classical literature. Happy reunion? The ending? Hide? And then what? Cheating? Lies see through the cowardice and self-deception in the national inferiority, and solemnly point out that in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial feast of human flesh, the historical fate of spectators is a Ah Q-style happy reunion? There is no essential difference between publicly displayed materials and spectators, because if they don't erupt in silence, they will perish in silence!

Third, there is no play to see: as a cure with no choice.

Sixteen years have passed since the birth of Audience Complex in 1906 to the typical completion of Audience in 1922. As a prophet and reformer in a specific historical situation, Lu Xun kept groping, observing, thinking and shouting. But these efforts seem to have no effect, but they have left him in a desperate situation. ? The masses? Especially in China? Always be an audience of the drama. ? This kind of people have no choice but to let them have no drama, but this is a cure. It is unnecessary to sacrifice for a while, so it is better to fight with deep tenacity. ? 19231February, Lu Xun put forward the above viewpoints in a speech entitled "What happened after Nora left". In fact, is this the despair of the enlightener after the hopeless enlightenment, or does the reformer expect the people to complete it? Human consciousness? And take advantage of extreme cultural mentality. It changed Lu Xun's attitude towards "The National Spectator": from the enthusiasm and depth in the early stage? Sad for its misfortune, angry for its corner? , to put forward sharp criticism of ChiHan.

Passers-by are bored, bored into their pores, bored into their own hearts, crawling all over the wilderness and drilling into other people's pores. Then, they feel dry throat and neck fatigue; Finally, as for the eye contact, it slowly separated; I even felt so dry that I lost my life.

? Because there are many onlookers who hate society, they wrote the first article of revenge. ? Lu Xun explained the creative motive of revenge like this. Revenge embodies what Lu Xun put forward in What happened after Nora left? Is the antidote that makes them hopeless? This idea. Ten years later, in May of 1934, before Lu Xun died, Lu Xun recalled this article in his letter to Zheng Zhenduo. In Weeds, I remember a man and a woman holding a knife in the wilderness, and the bored people followed, thinking that there would be an incident to comfort them, but they did nothing after that, so that the bored people were still bored. As for dying of old age, the title "revenge" is also intentional. ?

In an instant, there was more than half a circle of spectators around. After the bald old man added it, there were not many vacancies, but it was immediately filled by a fat man with bare arms and a red nose. The fat man is too wide, occupying the position of two people, so he can only bend over on the second floor and stick his head between his two necks in front.

Showing the Public is also a novel aimed at criticizing boring spectators. The novel is cleverly conceived. May I borrow it? Show it to public events and bring the audience's behavior and soul to the public. In this novel, Lu Xun did not focus on shaping typical characters, but described a group. Men and women, old and young, fat and thin, tall and short, workers and students, bosses and buddies, they appreciate the display of prisoners, the fall of drivers and the ups and downs of dogs' stomachs. In just 3,000 words, 18 spectators were created. The audience is so huge, the movements are so boring, and the soul is so numb. Show it to the public and reveal the author's deep anxiety, anger and ridicule.

What time? Expose pain? When you can't wake up the awakened dreams of the spectators? Revenge? Show the public that it is forced to become a treatment with no choice.

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Since 1906? Bystander complex? Lu Xun was born in 1926 and left Beijing. In the long years of 20 years, Lu Xun deeply plunged the scalpel of the soul into the people's souls, and found and eliminated the people's bad habits. Authoritarianism, slavery, deception, moderation, ten scenic diseases, spectators, spiritual victory and so on. But he seems more interested in nationals? Love? So that in so many novels, essays, prose poems and other articles, he repeated this effort over and over again? Describe the group image of the spectator, shape the typical spectator, reveal the soul of the spectator, point out the destination of the spectator, and prescribe a prescription for the spectator? Whether it is explicit or implicit, or positive or negative, we do our best to expose the power of condemnation and spare no effort. However, the times seem doomed to the tragedy of such efforts? Because the economic base determines the superstructure. The causes of people's ideological character should be found in the material production mode and traditional culture that affect people's ideological character. Spectators, as a common phenomenon in semi-feudal and semi-colonial societies, their hobby of watching the excitement is caused by ignorance and numbness brought about by feudal rule and idleness and boredom brought about by small-scale peasant economy. Obviously, it is beyond the power of a writer to wipe out spectators on the land of China. It needs all-round political, economic and cultural changes, comprehensive improvement of national quality and a long and arduous historical process. Isn't it? Today, in many places, the inferiority of people who are keen on watching is still in the same strain, so let us experience the helplessness and anger of our husband from time to time!