What do you mean by "insufficient vertical axis, insufficient design, and the pearl casts a dark shadow"?

This sentence was probably said by Fan Zeng.

The vertical shaft refers to Xiang Yu, saying that he didn't listen to himself and let Liu Bang go at the Hongmen banquet.

Casting pearls before swine refers to Xiang Yu's stubbornness, which leads to the loss of opportunities and talents. For example, Han Xin was not reused, which led Han Xin to defect to Liu Bang.

Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), a native of Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu) at the end of the Warring States Period, was the grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu State. He is the representative of China's military thought "military situation" (four military strategies: military situation, military tactics, military yin and yang, and military skills), and he is one of the strongest military commanders in the history of China. Li Wanfang has a special interest in him.

Xiang Yu followed his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) to fight against Qin in his early years. After Xiang Liang was killed, he led an army to cross the river to save Zhao Wangxie, and defeated Qin Jun's main forces led by Zhang Han and Wang Li in the Battle of Julu. After Qin's death, he was called the overlord of the West Chu, and the system of enfeoffment was implemented, making Qin heroes and nobles of the six countries kings.

Then Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, sent troops from Hanzhong to attack Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu launched a Chu-Han war with him for four years. Although Liu Bang suffered repeated defeats and wars during the period, Xiang Yu could not have a fixed rear supply, and he was exhausted. Also suspected that his father Fan Zeng was finally destroyed by Liu Bang. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated (now south of Lingbi County, Anhui Province) and broke through to Wujiang River (now wujiang town, Anhui County) to commit suicide.

Fan Zeng (277-204 BC) lived in the late Qin Dynasty. In the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, he was the main counselor of Xiang Yu and was honored as the "father of the country" by Xiang Yu. In 206 BC (the first year of Han Dynasty), Xiang Yu invaded Guanzhong and advised Xiang Yu to destroy Liu Bang's forces, which was not adopted. Later, at the hongmen banquet, he repeatedly indicated that xiang yu had killed liu bang and made xiangzhuang dance with a sword, intending to take the opportunity to assassinate him, but in vain. In the third year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was trapped in Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan). He used Chen Pingji to alienate Chu Junchen and was suspected by Xiang Yu. Fan Zeng resigned and returned to Li, and died on the way. Su Shi once talked about Fan Zeng.

Quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia