Gu Wealth _ Who is it?

Wan Sitong's History of Cloth Repairing

Wan Sitong was born with different sensitivities, and he never forgot anything about reading. At the age of 8, I can recite "The Words of the Yangtze River" in front of guests, and the last article is word for word; By the age of 14 and 15, he had read all the books collected at home, and then studied the history of 2 1 and studied under the famous historian Huang Zongxi in eastern Zhejiang. Later, he was quite knowledgeable about Tianyi Pavilion and knew all kinds of history, especially the anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty.

Wan Sitong, like his teacher Huang Zongxi, has great national integrity. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Huang Zongxi was rejected by the Qing court for asking him to compile the History of Ming Dynasty. North Korea's cabinet elected Wan Sitong as a well-read poet, and Wan Sitong insisted on resigning. Later, college student Xu became the president of Ming history and recommended him to the history museum. Huang Zongxi thinks that the revision of Ming history is related to the judgment of loyalty and treachery and to the great cause of future generations. With Wan Sitong's participation, he can rest assured, so he mobilized Wan Sitong to go out of Beijing, and in his farewell poem, he encouraged the other person who entered the Historical Bureau at that time with the words "The price of the four parties belongs to Mingshui, and the traitor Tobu", and was awarded seven titles by the Hanlin Academy. Wan Sitong listened to Huang Zongxi's instructions. After he came to Beijing, he would rather live in Xu's house, without title or salary, and took cloth to the History Bureau to compile the History of Ming Dynasty, which lasted 19 years. The 500-volume manuscripts of Ming history were all written after the documents of Yangming studies by former Huang Zongxi were examined, and their hardships were extraordinary, which set an example for China historians. He also compiled more than 200 volumes of Reading Ritual Test for Xu Gan, a senior official. He himself said: "history is hard to say for a long time!" Likes and dislikes come from the heart, and fame follows. There are three people in a family, and their stories are all different, not to mention hundreds of years. ! ..... Who is difficult to record in detail, I take his documentary evidence, who abuses his books, I take what I get from the records, although I dare not believe it all, but few people waste it! In the past, the history of the Song Dynasty was very complicated, but what I said will multiply. I don't know that simplicity is expensive, and those who don't take it are useless! "

He is familiar with the evolution of the system below the Han Dynasty and the history of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, there were fifty or sixty officials involved in the compilation. After writing each first draft, they sent it to Wan Sitong for review. Wan Sitong read every first draft. Just tell the editor that if you take a page out of a volume of a book, you should supplement it; Take a book, one volume and one page, and there are some things to be verified and there can be no mistakes. Xu, Zhang Yushu, He Wang and other great scholars successively served as the presidents of the compilation meeting of Ming History, and still invited them to continue compiling Ming History.

Wan Sitong undertook the task of compiling Ming history. When he was young, he liked ancient prose and poetry, and competed with some celebrities in the literary world at that time. Later, he thought that historiography was a science needed by the country, so he moved from classics to history, specializing in historiography and aspiring to be a generation of historians. He often lamented that after the Tang Dynasty, when compiling local chronicles, there were many mistakes in history books. He said: "Sima Qian and Ban Gu are outstanding in compiling history books. They all learned from their parents. Only when the facts are reliable can they be included in history books. In the future, the compilation of history books by experts will not be as messy as Sima Qian and Ban Gu. Writing history books, like entering a room, always indicates his hall, and then knows his family background and customs; Then I know that his family is old and young, gentle and virtuous. You have to know this situation clearly before you can master it. The same is true of history books. The history of official training is made in a hurry; Everyone can't choose whether the materials are suitable or not, and the facts are untrue, just like inviting passers-by to discuss things in the room. I want to be president because I am afraid that everyone will break up and make the record of a generation dealing with chaos, doing good deeds and traitors become obscure. " His remarks had a great influence on later historians.

Wan Sitong is very strict in compiling history. He believes that writing history books must be "faithful to words". He said that history is difficult to repair. Historians use their likes and dislikes to discredit at will. The story of one room and the legend of three people are often different, not to mention the fact that hundreds of years ago, the rights and wrongs are inseparable, so there are countless victims. He said: "When I was a teenager, I worked as a librarian in a family in the east of the city, while borrowing the records of the Ming Dynasty collected at home. I said it silently, but I didn't dare to say anything. When I grow up, I will travel around the world, ask my parents for a suicide note, ask about the past and touch the county annals. Collected all biographies of saints and took records as a guide. Real records tell the story directly, without modification. If there are mistakes and fallacies in his book, he will take factual records as evidence. Although this can't be said to be completely credible, there are many fewer fallacies. " It is with this serious attitude that he revised history. Today's "Tianyi Pavilion" has more than ten volumes of the Ming History Draft compiled by him, which has a considerable position in history.

Wan Sitong participated in the compilation of China's important history book Twenty-four History and became a famous historian, but he was also a naughty boy when he was young. Wan Sitong was criticized by the guests because he was naughty and lost face in front of them. In a rage, Wan Sitong overturned the guest's desk and was put into the library by his father. Wan Sitong went from being angry and disgusted with reading to thinking behind closed doors. Inspired by the Book of Tea, he began to study hard. In a blink of an eye, more than a year has passed. Wan Sitong has read many books in the library. His father forgave his son, and Wan Sitong understood his father's kindness. After a long period of hard work, Wan Sitong finally became a famous scholar who was familiar with history and read widely.

Wan Sitong didn't admire Li Rong all his life. He just learned from others by reading books and encouraged fame and festivals. Modest attitude, people call themselves "Wan Sitong in Cloth". But in Beijing, from princes to students, he is called "Mr. Wan". He has given lectures in Beijing many times, running through ancient and modern historical facts and making pertinent comments. Li Guangdi, a famous scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, was very strict in judging talents, but he was very appreciative of Wan Sitong. He said that all he saw in his life were children Gu Ningren (), Wan and Yan Baishi. "It is enough to be really ready to choose Shiqu consultants."

Wan Sitong was blind in his later years, so he could only dictate history. And dictated by him, Wen, "Tales of Southern Xinjiang" escaped the literary inquisition in Yonggan because it was not published, leaving precious wealth for historians. In the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702), he died in Wangjiazhong, the capital of Zhejiang Province, at the age of 64. He was buried halfway up the mountain at the southern foot of Wuyang Guanshan in Chun Hu Town, Fenghua, Zhejiang Province, and the books around him were occupied by money. Liu Fang wrote Mr. Wan's Behavior. Wan Sitong's death marked the end of the first stage of compiling Ming history. The draft of several changes was officially published in the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), and it has been more than 30 years since. Yang Chun, a scholar, said, "The history of the Ming Dynasty has become a legacy of the old people at the beginning of the country, and it has made many achievements throughout the year. In the Ji Dynasty, biographies were longer than the table records, but after Wanli, each biography was longer than the middle and early period. Biographies of Yuan Chonghuan, Zuo Liangyu and Li Zicheng, two volumes. Delete it, and the structural spoiler is far away from the history of Song and Yuan Dynasties. " During the Cultural Revolution, Wan Sitong's tomb was severely damaged.