Online translation of classical Chinese

The county magistrate admired his moral character and came to see him in person, but he rarely saw him. Most of the time, he saw (the county magistrate) outside the door and left.

Protect my will with morality, protect my body and mind with wisdom, lift my clothes, hide in the mountains without leaving a trace, and see the dead former monarch in the next life, just like Mr. Yu Ruoshui!

Don't be Zhang Dai

When the storm strikes, for intellectuals (intellectuals), some people keep the solar terms, some people bow their heads to face the reality, some people are active and powerful, and some people have no choice but to follow. There is no better time. However, many literati in the late Ming Dynasty did feel ashamed of the pain of losing their country. They don't become officials, cooperate with foreign countries, or bury themselves in reading and writing (such as Zhang Dai), or in painters' calligraphy (such as Fu Shan and Chen Hongshou), and have built a long-standing and indomitable cultural fragrance with pen and ink.

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Maybe it's a scholar image with a deep dream of Daoan. Zhang Dai gave people more tea to enjoy the garden, "ten miles of lotus flowers slept soundly", and went to Baishan Shuihu Pavilion to enjoy the snow alone. Of course, even if the sky is high and the clouds are light, these articles after the Ming Dynasty are lined with many vicissitudes. However, in more words than Memories of Dreams, I felt another Zhang Dai with a strong heart. Perhaps it is not accurate to describe it as fierce. Zong Zi once said: "fame and fortune are lost, wealth is like a dream, loyal ministers are afraid of pain, hoes are afraid of heaviness, and people who have written books for 20 years only deserve to be covered." Is it useful? " Self-deprecating shrewdness jumps from the paper. In fact, fierceness and cleverness are unified in zongzi. If you are firm, you will not be frivolous.

Zhang Dai said: "I don't like writing epitaphs all my life. If I have an occasional writer, I will be indifferent, so I am not satisfied. I am ashamed to make up for it many times" ("Tianku Anthology Zhou Epitaph"). There are only four epitaphs in the collection. Let's see who made the epitaph for Zhang. In addition to "My Epitaph", a scholar who has written a lot and dared to laugh and scold, although he "dismissed his post with strange prose, abandoned the book and chased the end" and read widely, "his theory was unexpected." Zhang Dai called it "so different people, so different talents, and it is really indispensable to seek the world."

Secondly, Yao's eldest son is not a big shot or a scholar, but a servant of the Wangs. During the Jiajing period, he was caught fighting with the invading army while farming, and the enemy ordered him to lead the way. Yao's eldest son wisely led him into the mountainous area with broken bridges on both sides and whispered to the villagers to come and panic in the enemy. In the end, the enemy "wiped out 130 people", but Yao was buried inch by inch by the enemy, and was "wrapped in the flesh and blood by the country people". Zhang Dai wrote an inscription for his cemetery: "One person owes 130 people debts, which is not enough to pay back; A person can live tens of millions of people, don't even think about it. When I die suddenly, I can't save my life, but I want to be the hometown of Mulberry. After righteousness, justice is great, but I don't want to save the land. Sad husband! "

The third is Zhang Shanmin, Zhang Dai's third brother. A scholar with "ethereal essence, profound knowledge and peaceful mind" is proficient in antique calligraphy and painting. Treat people with simplicity, not with knowledge and goods, but with "sifting mountains". Zhang Yue said, "If you are stupid, if you are stupid, you will spare Chou He in the market, and if you are poor, you will be rich." . Only the noble talents in Meishan can play with the handle. "The above three people, whether scholars or farmers, are open-minded people, dare to tell the truth, dare to take responsibility, disappear from the powerful, face the invaders, live in a city with deep sorrow in their chests, full of righteousness and aura. This is what Zhang Dai values most. Although he laughed at himself as a loyal minister and was afraid of pain, unlike his friend Qi Biaojia, he refused to live in the mountains, read and write after his death, preferring to live a poor life.

Look at his six biographies. Family Biography, Attached Biography and Five Different Biographies are all about Zhang Dai's grandfather, uncle and brother. In particular, Biography of the Five Heroes conveys the temperament of Zhang Dai. "Yu Jia Ruiyang is obsessed with money, Zhang Zhang is obsessed with wine, Zi Yuan is obsessed with gas, obsessed with civil engineering, and Berning is obsessed with history books. If he is obsessed with it, it will become a flaw when he is small, and an addiction when he is big. " They are exactly what Zhang Dai said. "People without addiction, so ruthless. People can't communicate without shortcomings, because there is no true qi. The other three biographies also have their own temperament. Yu Ruoshui in Biography of Mr. Yu Ruoshui is a virtuous man. After the Qing soldiers crossed the river, his brother drowned. Although Yu Ruoshui was a scholar in Chongzhen, he worked hard with his family and lacked material life. Even a sleeping bed is fragmented, "leaking up and wearing down." He said to the newcomer, "I must be a hermit ... being a farmer is enough. "I saw it today, and I'm going to share it with you, so that I can avoid fame and seek profits. This is not what I want." These words are sincere and true. Yu Ruoshui didn't seek to reveal himself by hiding, but only insisted on his own values/attitude towards life. He died with "nothing to lose" or "a friend died with money".

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So who is Luyungu written in the Biography of Luyungu? Zhang Dai, a good friend, runs a drugstore in Shaoxing and is good at treating carbuncle, sore, pox and other diseases. His prescription is unique, but he didn't use it to make money and seek fame. He prefers planting flowers, trees and stones. He is "deeper than tea theory" and "people he knows try tea every day, and there is an endless stream". Luyungu is happy. He loves cleanliness, "hates alcohol and tobacco, hates people picking flowers", and especially hates people spitting. "So unless you know people, you can't be friends with them for a long time." He is good at musical instruments. "All the Qiangdi, Huqin, Shengfeng and Banguan are exquisite, and they especially like to play music with people in Dong Xiao." I often drink tea and burn incense with my friends at home and "laugh and play". The crane driver was still cutting candles and chatting with friends the night before he died, and was found "left in bed" the next day. It was really free and easy. Zhang Dai said: "Yungu has ambition, and those who are cold, arrogant and snobbish are not enough to enter his chest." Therefore, I don't know literature and ink all my life, but I have poetry; I don't know Dan Qing, but I have paintings; I don't leave the city, but I have a sense of forest. "It can be said that a wonderful person is better than a talented person. Although he didn't make a living by learning, he got the essence of "independent spirit and free thought".

Wang Siren, the author of Biography of Mr. Wang, is a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. I have been a judge and a servant. After the Qing soldiers broke Nanjing, King Lu supervised the country and was stationed in Shaoxing. Wang served as right assistant minister and James in the ceremony department. The official career is bumpy, three officials and three officials, and they like to live in mountains and rivers. Sometimes there is a work that satirizes current politics. His article "You Call" says, "The pen is fierce and bold, the eyes are handsome and the tongue is sharp, and the description is arbitrary, and the title is rising." Another poem is famous all over the world, expressing his anger and disappointment with reality. Before Shen Jia changed, Wang Siren was famous for his writing and teasing ability. After the national disaster, the small court of Nanming fell, and the treacherous court official Ma Shiying wanted to take refuge in Shaoxing, but Wang Siren refused to write a book (Zhang Dai quoted this article in full in his biography). He abandoned his home for the mountains, did not shave his head, did not go to the city, and was unwell for hunger strike. During his illness, he "often vomited, clenched his fist with a crossbow, sobbed and swallowed" and "proclaimed himself emperor three times before he died". Wang Si made a pure scholar a man of lofty ideals admired by people. The significance of Zhang Dai's biography is self-evident.

Zhang said in the preface to "A Volume of Ice and Snow": "The mountains, rivers, clouds, fire and water, vegetation, colors, sounds and fragrance in the world are all full of ice and snow; ..... There is only this number of stones, and it is ethereal and ethereal. " "Ice and snow" is not only Zhang Dai's aesthetic orientation and concept, but also a broader dimension, covering Zhang Dai's attitude towards life and value ethics. This is also the reason why he carefully wrote epitaphs for people. He wrote a masterpiece for an anti-Japanese farmer. He especially appreciated those people who "have mountains and forests but don't leave the city". He was grateful for Wang Siren, who was saved from being an official, studying in the world or even being down and out after the national disaster.

Although the Ming dynasty mansion was in turmoil when the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the literati could not shoulder the historical mission of the Dingge Dynasty. Some people died for their country-their sacrifice is their value (Liu and Qi Biaojia are both friends of Zhang Dai), but of course some people turned to adapt to the current situation. When the storm strikes, for intellectuals (intellectuals), some people keep the solar terms, some people bow their heads to face the reality, some people are active and powerful, and some people have no choice but to follow. There is no better time. However, many literati in the late Ming Dynasty did feel ashamed of the pain of losing their country. They don't become officials, cooperate with foreign countries, or bury themselves in reading and writing (such as Zhang Dai), or in painters' calligraphy (such as Fu Shan and Chen Hongshou), and have built a long-standing and indomitable cultural fragrance with pen and ink. Such an attitude towards life, whether at that time or in later generations, requires the spiritual, spiritual and physical courage of intellectuals.

In fact, there is no contradiction between Zhang Dai and Zhang Dai, who drinks tea and plays with water in the life of literati. He just adhered to the principle/spirit of a scholar, who inherited the cultural tradition of China and had consistent values/aesthetic ideals. The node of historical rise and fall is only an external consideration, while Zhang Dai insists on his ideal of "ice and snow". Strength and chic are integrated.

In fact, it is brave to practice such seamless integration, not chic.