What does Lu You's Yongmei tell us?

Yongmei is a poem written by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Lu You was at a low point in his life, and the hawks' morale was low and he was very pessimistic. The whole word is very sad, especially at the beginning, which renders an indifferent atmosphere.

Ode to Plum Blossoms (Bu Suan)

Outside the column (2), the bridge is broken (3), the side is isolated (4) and there is no owner (5). At dusk alone, the wind and rain are even heavier. I don't mean to suffer all the spring, I will be jealous of you. ⑿ smashed into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains.

Word annotation

(1) Fu Yong (yǒng) Mei: selected from the Song version of Weinan Ci and Wu's folded version. Lexical thought that the name was changed to "a person who sells divination and fortune telling". Su Shi's ci is the main body in the ci book. Also known as "hundred-foot building", "plum wind wall" and "hanging the moon and thinning trees" Double tone, 44 words, rhyming. (2) Outside the post station: it refers to a desolate and deserted place: the post station, where people who delivered government documents in ancient times changed horses and rested. (3) Broken bridge: water is cut off to waste the bridge. (4) Loneliness: loneliness and desolation. (Because there is only one plum) (5) No owner: no one asks, no one rewards, referring to wild plum blossoms. (6) Zhu ó: Contact and get on the bus. More: more affected. (7) unintentional: I don't want to, I have no mind. I don't want to struggle for beauty. (8) bitterness: try your best, try your best. (9) Striving for spring: A hundred flowers are blooming. Refers to the struggle for power. (10) Next semester: It's entirely up to you. (1 1) Square group: Qunhua; Let a hundred flowers blossom, implicitly referring to the powerful ministers and villains. (12) Jealousy: Jealousy. (13) scattered: withered. (14) grinding (ni ǐ n): crushing. (15) Dust making: turning into dust. (16) As fragrant as ever: the fragrance still exists.

Full text explanation

Outside the station, next to the broken bridge, a plum flower is blooming and lonely, and no one cares. Every day when the sun goes down, I can't help feeling lonely and worried, and this kind of worry becomes more and more serious when it is windy and rainy. Originally, I didn't want to fight for spring, but I didn't want to fight for spring and make all the flowers jealous. The withered petals fell to the ground, turned into dirt and ground into dust, but the fragrance remained unchanged.

Creation background

This is a poem written by Yongmei to Lu You, which is actually a masterpiece of Lu You. The experience of writing plum blossoms in Shangque: it took root outside the desolate postal kiosk, next to the broken bridge. Posthouse is a place where people who delivered official documents and traveled in ancient times rested. Coupled with the ups and downs at dusk, how desolate and desolate this environment is! Suppressing the word "sorrow" shows the loneliness of plum blossom that nobody cares about, and what permeates it is the author's own loneliness. The experience of writing plum blossoms in Xia Kun is also a political experience excluded by the author, and the last sentence is narcissistic about writing plum blossoms. Lu You is determined not to collude with evil forces. Lu you advocated resolutely resisting gold and recovering the Central Plains all his life, so he was suppressed by the pacifists in the ruling group. At the time of writing this word, Lu You was at a low point in his life, and the warring factions crowded out oppression and his morale was low. This "Yongmei Ci" is actually Lu You's own masterpiece. When we read his first poem, we can see that it is the epitome of his life experience and political experience. The plum blossom in his ci is the embodiment of his noble character. The literati in Tang and Song Dynasties praised the character of plum blossom, which was different from the literati in Six Dynasties. But the famous sentence "Dim fragrance, thin shadow" written by Lin Hejing is just the feelings of a master and a hermit; Although some writers use plum blossoms to write their own characters, they can only say: "There is no spring breeze, how can it be * * *?" Haitang said. "This is just one aspect of Lu You's ci" No intention to fight for spring, everyone is jealous ". Chen Liang, a friend of Lu You, has four plum blossom poems: "A flower changes suddenly, and all flowers are fragrant. If you want to spread the message of spring, you are not afraid of snow burial. "Writing one's own vision, not afraid of attack and upholding justice in politics is the embodiment of Justin Chen's whole personality. The word Lu You is the proud image of a frustrated hero.

Literary appreciation

The title of "Operator" is "Yongmei", which expresses its lonely, elegant and clean interest. This is exactly the same as Mr. Lian Xi (Zhou Dunyi) who only loves lotus flowers, which are clear and not evil, and uses lotus flowers as a metaphor. The author also uses plum blossoms as a metaphor. Lu You once praised plum blossom "The more awe-inspiring the snow, the stronger the integrity in the flower" ("Falling Plum"). Plum blossoms are so beautiful and unique that many flowers are produced, but "now" is actually open outside the post station in the country. The dilapidated "broken bridge" is naturally inaccessible and lonely, and plum blossoms have always been neglected. From this sentence, we can know that it is neither a plum in the government nor a plum in a famous garden, but a "wild plum" growing in a remote suburb. It can't get the care it deserves, let alone be appreciated. With the metabolism of the four seasons, it opens silently and withers silently. They're all alone and at a loss-who's in charge? This is a plum without a master. In the sentence "Loneliness without a Master", the author pours his feelings into the objective scenery. The first sentence is situational language, which is already a love story. Sunset dusk, twilight hazy, this lonely plum blossom, how to bear this desolation? Just "sad"-and "lonely", echoing the "lonely" in the previous sentence. The broken bridge, dusk and dusk outside the post are already lonely and sad, adding more melancholy rain and deepening loneliness. The word "more" is very powerful. The first three sentences seem to describe the predicament of plum blossom, but the second sentence, "the rain of the tiller", breaks the previous "limit" like a heavy hammer. This kind of sadness seems unbearable, and the emotional rendering has reached a climax. However, despite the cold environment, it is still "open". It, "all trees are cold and colorless, and the south branch is alone" (Daoyuan); It, "Xiang Xuehai dares to make thousands of flowers, and it is unique and leads the world in spring" (Yang Weizhen). The last four sentences only say that Meihua is in a bad situation, which is just an "open" word for Meihua, but its stubbornness and tenacity are self-evident The landscape on the surface depicts plum blossoms blooming alone in the wind and rain. Plum blossoms grow in remote "broken bridges outside the post" and "lonely cities without owners". They are not carefully planted by people, but lonely and open. It's dusk, and it's stormy. In this twilight, plum blossoms that stand upright and open alone will inevitably be lonely and helpless, not to mention the harsh environment and the stormy weather. This is really a deep sigh. The second part is lyric, which mainly describes two virtues of plum blossom. "I have no intention of fighting for spring, and every group of people will be jealous." One of its advantages is that it is not artificial, vain and does not compete with flowers for spring. In the cold winter, it is aloof and open, and its indifference makes it open-minded and jealous! Its second advantage is noble and upright, even if it is reduced to the point of turning mud into dust, its smell is still the same. These words are meaningful. When the author wrote this word, he was demoted for urging the use of troops to resist gold. Therefore, he used "flowers" as a metaphor for a villain in the officialdom at that time, and plum blossoms as a metaphor for his determination to stick to moral integrity despite difficulties. This poem writes a proud and unyielding plum blossom with a fresh artistic conception, which is a metaphor for a person's perseverance, delicate brushwork and profound meaning. It is the swan song of Yongmei's ci. Shang Kun concentrated on the difficult situation of Meihua, and it did have "troubles". From an artistic point of view, when the author writes about sorrow, he doesn't use the usual metaphors of poets, but uses environment, time and natural phenomena as a foil. Kuang Zhouyi said: "Words take God from a distance and only describe the scenery, but God speaks for itself and is a master." ("Hui Feng Hua Ci") In other words, the author describes so many "landscapes" in order to obtain the "divine purpose" of plum blossoms; "Those who are deeper than romance are good at writing landscapes" (Tian Tongzhi's xipu Ci). The four sentences of Shangque can be said to be "double paintings of scenes". Let readers feel the author's mood in a specific environment-feel sadness from a series of landscapes. It also allows readers to gradually step into the author's state of mind. Send me a message. Plum blossom, it blooms the earliest. "All the trees are frozen and ready to fold, and the lonely roots are warm and lonely" (Miracle); "I don't know if the recent spray started first, but I suspect it didn't disappear after the winter snow" (Zhang Wei). It is it that ushered in spring. But it "has no intention of fighting for spring." In spring, hundreds of flowers are in full bloom, competing for novelty and beauty, while plum blossoms do not "compete for spring". Han Ling starts first, only the sincerity to welcome the spring. People who are "bitter" are desperate, desperate and try their best. Satire the square group from the side. Plum blossoms are not meant to compete with each other. Even if Fang Qun is jealous, it is their own business. Let's be jealous for a while. In writing, writing and writing are completely intertwined. It is a natural phenomenon that plants and trees are ruthless and flowers bloom and fall. However, it implies that the author's unfortunate experience exposes the shameless behavior of those who steal peace. Saying "striving for spring" is a metaphor for personnel; "Jealousy" is beyond the reach of vegetation. These two sentences show Lu You's aloof character, his character of never interacting with flatterers and flatterers, and his unyielding pride of not being afraid of slander and preserving himself. The last few words take the "unique style" of plum blossom a step further: "Scattered into mud, ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged". The previous sentence inherited Shang Kun's miserable situation of loneliness, no ownership, sunset at dusk and wind and rain. These seven words have been frustrated four times: "fallen flowers", which can't stand the devastation of wind and rain, and plum blossoms have fallen. This is the first floor. It's the second floor. Mud and water are mixed. There is no argument about which is the flower and which is the mud. Judging from the word "run", it shows the ruthlessness of the destroyer and the tragic situation of the victim, which is the third layer. As a result, the plum blossom was destroyed and trampled to ashes. This is the fourth floor. You see, the fate of Meihua is so tragic that it is unimaginable. The reader has integrated the feelings revealed between the lines. But the author's purpose is not just to write about the tragic experience of plum blossoms and arouse people's sympathy; In terms of writing techniques, it is still paving the way, ready to go, in order to push the meaning of the next sentence to the highest peak. Although the plum blossom has fallen, it has been trampled into dirt and crushed into dust. "Only the fragrance will remain unchanged", but its "unique" fragrance will never change, and it will not succumb to the threat of loneliness and wind and rain, but will do its best and will not change at all. Even if it withers into "dust", it should be "as fragrant as ever" The last sentence has the power to carry the tripod, which awakens the whole article and puts the unfortunate situation of plum blossom being attacked by wind and rain, withered and scattered, desolate and desolate in front. It is "the last sentence depends on strength" (Zhuo Renyue's Ci Tong). The reason why this "vigorous festival" can be "imagined" is precisely because this word successfully uses the metaphor of plum blossom. The author describes himself with the natural metabolism of plum blossom and has a personalized plum blossom. As an expression of thoughts and feelings, "Yongmei" left a deep impression on people and became Yongmei's masterpiece. This paper mainly shows Yongmei's lofty sentiments and embodies Yongmei's indomitable spirit, which is worth learning from readers. [ 1]

Historical evaluation

Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums for the leisure of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely"; Zhou Dunyi likes lotus flowers because of the noble purpose of "getting rid of the mud but not dyeing, clearing the ripples but not demon"; Lu You's emphasis on plum blossoms is for the firmness of "the more awe-inspiring the snow, the stronger the integrity in the flowers". This can be confirmed by his Yongmei. Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what. It's dusk. I'm alone. It's windy and rainy. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual. After reading this poem, I can't help feeling that "the world can worry about one thing, but scholars are helpless." As a great patriotic poet, Lu You has a long-standing patriotic ambition of "mounting a horse to attack Hu Kuang, dismounting and writing a book". At the age of 29, he entered the official career as the top scholar, but he faced not only some capitulationists who betrayed the country and sought glory, but also a respectful and eccentric king. Therefore, facing the reality of poverty and weakness, the poet can only watch the Southern Song Dynasty embark on the road of "taking the land as a service to Qin, constantly carrying firewood to make a fire, and earning endless wages to make a fire". Repeated blows, crowding out and relegation forced the poet to sigh with awe, "Hu is still there, and his temples are autumn first, and his tears are empty." Who can expect that in this life, my heart is in Tianshan and I am always in Cangzhou. " Nevertheless, the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and unconventional moral integrity have not changed at all. Even when it comes to "eating without continuing", because there is no money, the medicine has stopped eating; Because he saved oil, he had no books to read, and even had to reluctantly sell his usual wine glasses. He still stays at the door of power, and he still cares about Ducky and the people. From this, we seem to hear the persistence and firmness of Qu Yuan's "the road is long, and I will go up and down", and also seem to see the depression and heaviness of Du Fu's "worrying about pear orchards in poor years and sighing about intestinal fever". It can be said that "if you live in a high temple, you will worry about the people, and if you are far away, you will worry about the monarch, and you will advance and retreat." It is precisely because of this social background and ideological foundation that when we read Yongmei, we can see the poet's unremitting pursuit more clearly. Throughout the poem, the poet uses things to describe people, expresses his ambition, and describes his loyalty with the battered plum blossom with fragrant pollen, just as Yongmei wrote in a poem: "Being out of date and drifting away, shame is more pity for Dong Jun". Lu You wrote patriotic poems with full patriotic enthusiasm, which inspired and inspired generation after generation. It can be said that his temples have been snowing for many years, and his heart is already dead.