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What were the bad kings in ancient China?

Mingjun:

Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty: The Rule of Wenjing

Shortly after Emperor Liu Huan ascended the throne, he ordered the abolition of the "Left-wing League" (that is, one person broke the law, and both his parents, wife and children were involved in the crime) and corporal punishment (that is, tattooing the prisoner's face or destroying his limbs). He adopted the policy of "sharing interest with the people", avoided war as much as possible, paid attention to developing production and reduced the burden on the people, thus gradually stabilizing the society. He himself also pays attention to thrift, for example, there is such a short story:

Most ancient emperors lived a life of luxury and corruption. They live in luxurious palaces and build large and beautiful terraces (balconies) to enjoy the scenery. Emperor Wen of Han originally wanted to build a terrace, so he found craftsmen and asked them to calculate how much it would cost. The craftsmen said, "This is not too much. One hundred Jin of gold is enough. " Emperor Wen of Han was taken aback and quickly asked, "How many middle-class families' property does this 100 Jin of gold cover?" The craftsmen made a rough calculation and said, "Ten households." Hearing this, Emperor Wendi shook his head, waved his hand and said, "Don't build terraces quickly. The court has very little money now, save it. "Not only did he not build a terrace, but he also lived a frugal life. He often wears coarse clothes, lives with what the former emperor left behind, and never adds anything new. Even his beloved wife doesn't wear gorgeous clothes. He can also care about people's sufferings. Soon after he became emperor, he ordered the elderly over 80 to be supported by the state, giving rice, meat and wine every month. For the elderly over 90 years old, some linen, silks and satins and silk cotton will be distributed to make clothes for them. He used to farm his own land and let the queen pick mulberry and raise silkworms.

After the death of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty acceded to the throne, continued to implement this policy, resolutely put down the rebellion of the Seven Kings and maintained unity. He regarded agriculture as "the foundation of the world" and plowed the fields himself like Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty.

In short, after decades of careful management by Emperor Wenjing, the country is stable and rich. According to historical records, at that time, the money in the state treasury was countless, and the rope for wearing money was rotten; The grain in the granary is piled up year after year, just outside the granary. Later generations are envious of such a stable and prosperous situation, so the saying of "the rule of culture and scenery" has spread.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong: The Rule of Zhenguan

When Emperor Taizong Li Shimin was emperor, his title was Zhenguan. During the Zhenguan period (AD 627-649), Emperor Taizong learned the lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty and governed the country with his heart. He implemented many enlightened policies and measures to benefit the country and the people, consolidated the political power of the Tang Dynasty, restored and developed the social economy, and created a relatively stable and peaceful social environment. Historians call this period "chastity rule".

Emperor Taizong knew that to achieve political clarity, we must be good at employing people and listen to opinions widely. Therefore, as long as a talented person, regardless of family background, can get his reuse. Wei Zhi dared to make suggestions directly to Emperor Taizong. Even if Emperor Taizong was angry, he would not give in. When Wei Zhi died of illness, Taizong cried and said that using copper as a mirror can tidy up clothes and hats; Take history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall; Taking people as a mirror can distinguish right from wrong. Wei Zhi died, and I lost a mirror.

Emperor Taizong took many measures, such as merging counties to save money; Let farmers own certain land; Reduce the labor burden and ensure the production time of farmers. These measures are very popular. Emperor Taizong quoted the ancients as saying that the emperor is a ship and the people are water. The knife cuts bread and fingers.

Emperor Taizong adopted a more enlightened national policy, which won the support of all ethnic groups. All ethnic groups in the north revere him as "Great Khan". Emperor Taizong also married Princess Wencheng to the Tubo King, which made the Sino-Tibetan ethnic relations more friendly and intimate and contributed to the stability of China's multi-ethnic country.

The famous bad king tyrant in history

An absurd and eccentric emperor ―― a bad king

The emperor was originally the supreme ruler of the country, in charge of and handling military and political affairs. However, in the history of China, there are many bad kings who regard the military and political events of the country as jokes, but they engage in their hobbies with great enthusiasm and main energy, and even form various absurd quirks:

Fans of the emperor. The most typical ones are Tang Xizong and Song Huizong. Tang Xizong likes playing polo very much, and he plays it well. He proudly boasted: "If I get into Jinshi, I will definitely get the first place." On one occasion, there was a vacancy in Sichuan province, and the ministers who coveted this position were Chen, Niu Mian, Luo and others. When Tang Xizong finally considered and confirmed this extremely important official candidate, he even ordered more than four people to perform separately to confirm this extremely important official candidate. Finally, Chen, who played the best, was appointed as our ambassador in Sichuan. As for Song Huizong's love for Cuju (an ancient football sport), it is well known that he appointed Gao Qiu, a street hooligan who was good at Cuju, as the commandant-the military attache at that time. Emperor Fan treated state affairs as a joke, took the ball as an official and appointed non-people, and the result was bound to be chaos and national subjugation.

Merchant emperor. Liu Hong, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Yifu and Song Shaodi in the Southern Dynasties all set up "shops" in the market shops imitating the imperial palace. Both emperors put on merchant's clothes and sold them themselves. Xiao Baojuan, the deposed emperor of the Southern Dynasties, is an expert in this field. He not only set up a trading market in the back garden of the palace, but also took pleasure in imitating the shops in China market with his concubines and ladies-in-waiting, and specially set up a set of "market management institutions", with Pan Shi, his favorite, as the manager, and the emperor himself as the manager under Pan Shi. Those who violated the "market discipline", including the emperor, were whipped, making the palace a mess.

Carpenter emperor. Amin Emperor Zhu Youxiao was a famous bad king. His hobby is to be a carpenter, build a house and operate an axe chisel by himself, which is unambiguous. His bedroom is often filled with all kinds of wood. He often works around the clock when making furniture. When he succeeded, he didn't want to spend time meeting officials, let alone dealing with military and political affairs, and let eunuch Wei Zhongxian take charge of everything, which formed the extremely dark eunuch dictatorship in the late Ming Dynasty for many years.

Beggar emperor. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Gao E, the empress of the Northern Qi Dynasty, had a more absurd "quirk"-she liked to be a beggar. He built a humble hut in Lin Yuan's harem, dressed himself in rags and begged along the street like a beggar. This is not because he wants to experience the life of the poor, but to come up with new ways to play and seek excitement to pass the boring and empty life. As a result, it not only ignores political affairs, but also corrupts the political style.

The opera fan emperor. The first opera fan emperor was Hu Hai. After he ascended the throne, he indulged in singing and dancing. On the basis of Nuo, he ordered people to compose music and write lyrics with orchestral strings, which developed into a drama with plots and became the predecessor of Shaanxi's "Shaanxi Opera". He ordered the establishment of a special opera music institution "Yuefu" to serve the court. He listens to music and plays games all day, but he doesn't know that there is chaos outside the palace. Tang is not only a rare opera fan, but also deliberately turned the pear garden into a gathering place for opera talents. Since then, "Liyuan" has become synonymous with the opera world. He took pleasure in Yang Guifei and handed over state affairs to Yang Guifei's younger brother, which eventually led to the "Anshi Rebellion". Empress Dowager Cixi, who was in power in the late Qing Dynasty, was the biggest opera fan in ancient and modern times, especially Peking Opera. In the face of foreign invasion, she became increasingly aggressive, the mountains and rivers were broken, and the people suffered, but she was indifferent. She watches Peking Opera almost every day, and she has built magnificent stages in both the Palace and the Summer Palace villa. She doesn't like watching traditional Chinese opera. Sometimes she wears costumes and goes out with eunuch Li. Under her influence, the dignitaries of the whole Qing Dynasty were addicted to Peking Opera. Those actors who acted for Cixi became "offerings in the palace" and were worth a hundred times. The famous actor (nicknamed Tian) has become the most admired idol of civil and military officials. As a result, there has been such a situation in Beijing: "Who is in charge of state affairs, the whole city is arguing that it is called Tianer!"

Even more romantic, the emperor indulged in women's sex. Qin Shihuang was the first romantic emperor who loved women. After he pacified the Six Kingdoms, he concentrated the concubines, ladies-in-waiting and imperial daughters of the rulers of the Six Kingdoms in Xianyang, and specially built a magnificent Epang Palace for their lewd enjoyment. It is said that every day, the powder water of Qin Gong's empresses and ladies-in-waiting washes is poured into Weishui, which makes the water float on a greasy layer. Because there were too many concubines, in addition to making wives queens, the emperors of the Han Dynasty also graded many little wives, calling them wives, beauties, lovers, eight sons, seven sons, long ambassadors and few ambassadors. "History of Emperor Wu's harem" contains "thousands of women". It is a famous court scandal that Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Han Dynasty prized Zhao. There are more than 10,000 women in the harem of Emperor Wu of Jin, which is a record-breaking. He often goes to the harem in a sheep cart, where he feasts and sleeps wherever the sheep cart is towed. In the Southern Dynasties, Chen Houzhu prized the beauties Zhang Lihua and Kong Guiren, and left the romantic remains of the rouge well in Nanjing until Nanjing perished. Song Huizong even went out of the palace incognito and went to a brothel to visit the famous prostitute Li Shishi. Zhu Houzhao, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, not only had a large number of concubines in the harem, but also disguised himself as a prostitute. He fell in love with Liu Meiren, a prostitute, in Datong, and Li Fengjie, the daughter of the innkeeper, in Xuanhua. Youlong Opera Bone in Peking Opera is a description of this matter.

Idiot emperor

If the heir to the throne is not a doll, but a stupid idiot, he will become an idiot emperor. Idiot emperors are not as many as doll emperors in the history of China, but they are more harmful.

The most famous idiot emperor in the history of China was Sima Zhong, Emperor Hui of the Western Jin Dynasty. He was the second son of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Because of the early death of his brother Sima Gui, he became the eldest son and became the Prince of the East Palace. At that time, the officials in charge of raising the prince in the East Palace knew that the prince was an idiot, but in order to maintain the inheritance system of the eldest son and his future status as an imperial envoy, they cooperated with Emperor Wu of Jin for a long time and concealed the truth. When Emperor Wu of Jin died, Sima Zhong ascended the throne as emperor, and for the sake of Emperor Jinhui, the truth of his idiotic dream could no longer be concealed. Once he went out to listen to frogs, he foolishly asked his attendants, "What's the matter with you? Is it private? " Are these frogs public or private? Hearing this, the attendants couldn't answer, so they had to perfunctory: "The official is in the officialdom, and the private is in the private field." Once, there was a famine in the whole country, and the people had no food and starved to death. The idiot emperor was very surprised after listening to the minister's report and asked the minister, "Since the people have no food, why don't they eat minced meat?" This absurd remark has become a joke through the ages. When the princes and ministers knew that Hui Di was an idiot, they all had ulterior motives: those who fought for power and profit, those who formed a clique for personal gain, and those who coveted the throne. Finally, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" broke out, which led to the invasion of the "Five Lakes", and the world was bustling and the lives were ruined. Hui Di himself became emperor in 17, and he died of poisoning. Soon, the Western Jin Dynasty perished.

Another idiot emperor was Sima Dezong, the Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is the eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, and he was stupid and dumb since childhood. "Although the changes are cold and hot, there is no way to distinguish them." Dementia can't tell spring, summer, autumn and winter. Emperor Xiaowu knew this son was an idiot before his death, but in order to maintain the hereditary system of the throne and the inheritance system of the county chief, he still had to be a prince. In this way, Sima Dezong proclaimed himself emperor in 397 AD, for the sake of Emperor Jin 'an. Nature is an idiot emperor, who can't manage politics at all, which will inevitably lead to the fall of the powerful emperor, and the ministers will show their magical powers and make a mess of state affairs. Finally, the stupid emperor was hanged by the powerful minister Liu Yupa. Soon, the Eastern Jin Dynasty also perished.

There is also an idiot emperor in the history of China, Tang Shunzong Li Yong. He is the eldest son of Tang Dezong. He was extremely intelligent and knowledgeable, but four months before Hangzong died, he suddenly had a stroke and became stupid and dumb. Tang Dezong was a shrewd emperor, but he couldn't help Li Yong succeed to the throne after he discovered that the prince was stupid. Li Yong succeeded to the throne, that is, Tang, and he was in office for only one year. In this year, Wang, Wang? With the support of courtiers Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Han Tai and others, the master carried out the famous "Yongzheng Innovation" (Yongzheng Nianhao Shunzong). However, because this innovation harmed the interests of eunuchs and buffer regions, they United against it. Tang Shunzong was forced to abdicate as the emperor's father, and the throne was succeeded by Chunli, the son of Shunzong, to Tang Xianzong. Two kings and Liu and Liu were naturally demoted. Innocent Shunzong also died of fright the following year. The political situation in the Tang Dynasty experienced fierce turmoil, and the situation of eunuch's monopoly and vassal hegemony became more and more fierce.

When an idiot is emperor, it will cause political instability and national difficulties. This is the evil result of autocratic politics and the tragedy of feudal society.

A ferocious emperor ―― a tyrant.

The emperors who killed too many subjects in history were called "tyrants" by later historians. Tyrants are bloodthirsty. They not only slaughtered the soldiers and civilians of enemy countries, but also slaughtered their own subjects and even their own flesh and blood.

The first tyrant in the history of China who likes to kill people was Qin Shihuang. In the process of pacifying the six countries and establishing the imperial industry, he often brutally slaughtered the soldiers and civilians of the six countries with the victory division. After the unification of the world and becoming the first emperor, he took the people of the whole country as the imaginary enemy, formulated strict and cruel laws, and constantly prevented and severely suppressed all the "bad" behaviors of the people. Even just suspecting that people have dissatisfied ideas, the so-called "condescension" will "abandon the market"-pull it to the street and behead it. His bloody slaughter of intellectuals-"burning books to bury Confucianism" nailed him to the shame column of "tyrant" forever, leaving him with eternal infamy.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, according to the Biography of Wen Yuan in the Ming Dynasty, he killed many intellectuals in previous dynasties, which is really rare. At that time, the famous poet Gao Qi was beheaded by Zhu Yao; Yang Ji, also known as the "four great masters" with Gao Qi, was forced to die in the workshop of migrant workers, while Zhang Yu drowned in Lingnan and was imprisoned and killed. Xie Li, who was also called "Top Ten Talents" with Gao Qi, was killed; In addition, famous literati Su Boheng, Fu Shu, Wang Yi, Zhang and Du Yin were killed, Wang Meng and Wang Hongfan died, Dai Liang committed suicide, and so on. Historian Xu Yikui, in his congratulatory message to Zhu Yuanzhang, suspected that Xu intended to ridicule his humble origin, being a monk, and the word "then" being close to "thief", and wanted to kill Xu.

During the reign of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, about 140 years, many literary prisons were created to persecute and slaughter intellectuals, their families and clansmen, such as Zhuang Yan? Press -2 for Ming History, Nanshan Collection, Wang's Essay on the Western Expedition, Cha Siting's Collection, Copy and so on. Every time you press -2, it's like killing someone, killing his wife and children. It's really "killing people like grass, can't hear the sound"!

Many tyrants not only slaughter ordinary people and intellectuals, but also wield swords at subordinate civil servants and military commanders. In the history of China, the most famous emperors who killed heroes were Liu Bang, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Originally, Liu Bang was weak, relying on the military strength of his subordinates such as Han Xin, Xiao He, Sean and Fan Kuai, and the assistance of generals such as Peng Yue and Ying Bu, he defeated the powerful Xiang Yu and won the world. But when he became emperor, he felt that the subordinates of "Lord Gao Zhen" were a threat to his soldiers, so he immediately made various excuses to slaughter these elders with the help of his wife Lv Hou. He first operated on Han Xin, who had outstanding achievements and extraordinary strategies, and arrested Han abruptly on charges of "rebellion" without evidence, and was later demoted to Tan Yin Hou. Soon, stand up, cut Korea, and lay down the three families. Then, Liu Bang killed Peng Yue, the king of Liang, by the same means, chopped him into a paste and wiped out the three clans. Then, Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, was destroyed one after another, and even Ding Gong, who was very kind to him, was killed. In the end, even his closest founding fathers, Fan Kuai and Xiao He, were almost killed.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, first formulated the Daming Law after he ascended the throne, stipulating that anyone who dares to "rebel" will be executed in the middle of the year, and his relatives will be implicated. Anyone who reaches the age of 16 will be beheaded. "Hu Press -2" was the beginning of his hero killing, killing about 30,000 people in succession. Later, General Hailan was executed for "rebellion", and there were 13 families who died in "Jiangan -2", reaching15,000 people. Other generals, such as risking their lives and making great achievements, were once praised by Zhu Yuanzhang as Song Lian, the teacher of the prince, Zhu's children's in-laws, Li Shanchang, one of the top officials, and so on. They were also killed or robbed. Historians of later generations commented on Zhu Yuanzhang: "It is unprecedented to set up the world to take advantage of heroes, that is, to kill all the people in the world." (Zhao Yi: Notes on Twenty-two Histories)

Before and after Wu Zetian came to power, it became common for the royal family to kill each other. Before she became Emperor Gaozong, she strangled her daughter in order to frame her political opponents in front of Emperor Gaozong. After she came to power, she killed her two sons one after another. Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, killed his three sons in one day. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Shi Hu killed the emperor's younger brother Sanhong and even killed his sister-in-law and nephew in order to usurp the throne. When he became emperor, he killed people like hemp. Later, due to family reasons, he brutally killed his parent-child Xuan Shi, and killed Xuan Shi's wife and 9-year-old son together.

Wen Xuandi Gao Yang of the Northern Qi Dynasty made Yin Gao the Crown Prince. Because Yin Gao was stupid and weak, and his uncles were tough, Gao Yang burned his brothers Jun Gao and Gao Huan alive on trumped-up charges. Gao Yang was very ill and dying. Anticipating that his son's throne would eventually be taken away by his younger brothers, he begged his eldest brother to give a high performance and said, "Take it, don't kill it." But later, shortly after Yin Gao became emperor, he was still abolished by Gao Yan. When Gao Yan was planning a plot, he contacted his younger brother Gao Zhan and promised: "When it is done, I will be the emperor's younger brother." Gao Yan acceded to the throne and made his son Gao Bainian the Crown Prince. Until Gao Yan died, he knew that Gao Bainian was no match for Gao Zhan, so he had to pass it on to Gao Zhan and begged Gao Zhan to be kind to his son. But after Gao Zhan became emperor, he still killed Gao Bainian.

The weirdest emperor in ancient China

Homosexuality is a fashionable word, but it doesn't conform to China's national conditions, because its existence in China is very old, and Liu Xin, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, is one of them.

Dong Xian, handsome and the son of Dong Gong, was chosen as Prince Scheeren. Eddie fell in love with him, named him Dong Menlang, named his father Baling Mausoleum, and moved to Guanglu to be a doctor. Before long, Dong Xian became Xu's assistant, which was recorded in Han Dong Xianchuan. At this time, Dong Xian "went out to participate in cycling, entered the royal left and right, and rewarded huge sums of money in October, which shocked the court." They are inseparable and share the same bed. Once, when Eddie woke up, his sleeve was pinned down by Dong Xian. He was afraid of waking his "lover" by pulling his sleeve, so he cut it off with a knife, showing the depth of his love. Eddie also built a palace similar to the Imperial Palace for Dong Xian, and gave the best imperial articles to Dong Xian, while he himself used inferior products. In order to be with his lover forever, he built a tomb for Dong Xian beside his own tomb. In the Biography of Han Dongxian, Emperor Ai once jokingly said to Dong Xian, "What if I want to practice Buddhism and Zen?" Ministers were dumbfounded. This love is rare in history. So loyal to love, of course, national affairs are very bad. Less than 10 years after the death of Ai Di, Wang Mang usurped the throne and established a new dynasty.

The layman emperor

Xiao Baojuan, the emperor of Qi, was a famous bad king. He catches mice, sleeps late, drives people away and goes out to play ... He has all kinds of strange behaviors, but his most famous quirk is opening a shop.

According to the Seven Books of Nanqi, Hunhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty "was in Yuan Zhongli City again, and the official ate wine, meat and miscellaneous vegetables every day, which made the imperial secretary kill him, with Pan Fei as the city order and the emperor as the city chief. If he is punished, he will be sentenced to Pan Fei. " There are thousands of people playing with him, and half of the people in Beijing are scared to run around. There is a similar record in the Chapter of Southern History Qi Benji: "We opened a canal again, bowed our heads and led the boat, set up a shop on it, and sat down to kill meat." The eccentric behavior of Dong Hunhou and Pan Fei was very popular at that time. There was a folk song: "Read my hall, plant willows, kill meat supreme, and drink Pan Fei wine."

Dong Hunhou, as an open king of a country, is so ignorant to do such bourgeois business. Only two years after he ascended the throne, Xiao Yan set out to besiege Jiankang (now Nanjing), and a generation of Emperor Philip was killed by the Ministry, aged only 19.

Bodhisattva emperor

There have been cases of "Three Martial Arts and One Case" in history (Taiwuzong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wudi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Wuzong in the Tang Dynasty and Zhou Shizong in the Five Dynasties), but there have also been loyal Buddhist believers like Liang Wudi, Wu Zetian and Tang Zhongzong. Among them, Liang Wudi Xiao Yan is the most prominent. He is the "Emperor and Bodhisattva" (as ministers called him in their memorials).

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strongly advocated Buddhism and invested heavily in building temples. At that time, there were 2,846 large and small temples in China, among which Da 'aijing Temple, Du Zhi Temple, Jiefang Temple and Tongtai Temple were the largest. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once lamented: "The 480 halls in the Southern Dynasties were misty and rainy." He also wrote a lot of Buddhist works. "Although there are many things to do, I still keep rubbing my hands, lighting candles and standing sideways, often until evening." Moreover, the head of the department is particularly large, among which "Interpretation of Nirvana Sutra" has a volume of 10l. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also established the theory that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism originated from Buddhism. He also put forward the precept that Buddhists should not eat meat, which was not stipulated by Buddhism before. He wrote "Broken Wine and Meat" according to the contents of excellent Buddhism such as Nirvana Sutra. From then on, he set an example and lived an ascetic life: he only ate one meal a day without touching wine and meat, lived in a dark room in a small hall, wore a hat for three years and covered a quilt for two years. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also laid down his life in the temple three times: in the first year of Datong (527), he suddenly went to Tongtai Temple as a slave and lived with monks, and was later "redeemed" by the minister; Two years later, I went to the Buddhist temple again; In the first year of Taiqing (547), at the age of 84, he gave up his life in the temple for the third time and lived in the temple for more than a month. Emperor Wu spent 400 million yuan on three "redemption".

The Buddha did not bless this faithful believer. In the third year of Taiqing (549), Hou Jing staged a coup and conquered Jiankang. The bodhisattva emperor was captured and later starved to death.

Chess emperor

"When you are bored, you take chess, learn to be a scholar, learn to be an elephant, and be able to take charge. Soldiers move forward, don't talk back. You must learn to drive straight, not like a horse. If others block my kindness, I will play like a cannon for a while. " (Gui Zhi Yong Er Buba Volume) Tang Suzong Hengli is keen on chess, but he doesn't learn to be a bachelor, nor does he learn to ride a bike, but he just learns to ride a horse.

In Shang Dynasty, the accumulation of disasters aggravated the Tianbao Rebellion (also known as Anshi Rebellion). Su Zong and his beloved Princess Zhang Liangdi supported troops and fled to the west. On the way to escape, he was still obsessed with chess, ignoring the mountain of military reports and playing chess with Zhang all day. Premier's suggestion: If you don't pull back from the brink, you are in danger of repeating the mistake of Majipo incident (mutiny and killing Yang and others). Su Zong still didn't converge. In order to hide people's eyes and ears, he ordered the eunuchs to replace the "gold-bronze-shaped" pieces with wooden blocks carved by "dry tree chicken", so that others could not hear their voices when playing chess and throwing dice. People call this kind of chess "Baoying chess". In literary works, Xie An in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Kong Ming in the Three Kingdoms, and Liu Bowen in the late Yuan Dynasty all played chess in the background, thousands of miles away, winning every battle. Su Zong doesn't seem to show weakness.

The most cowardly person who died in history was Sima Zhuo, the filial emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

This brother, like most emperors, indulges in debauchery and drinks with his arms around his concubines all day. Once I got drunk and quarreled with my favorite concubine Zhang Guiren. Note that it is a quarrel, not that the emperor reprimands the concubine, but that the emperor and the concubine scold each other. Finally, Sima got angry and threw out an angry word: "I ignore you!" " I have so many concubines, I'll find someone else! "Say that finish, fell asleep.

Zhang Guiren, who was still awake there, began to wonder if this old guy would ignore me. Find someone else, then where can I do it? ! Now that I am so young and beautiful, you ignore me. Will I have a good life when I am old? ! The more I think about it, the more I feel. Finally, Ms. Zhang gritted her teeth and was cruel. She recruited several maids, moved several big quilts, divided by three times five, and strangled Sima, who was still in a deep sleep.

Poor and innocent classmate Sima lost the emperor's life for such a sentence that made the young couple quarrel.

It is said that the strangest death in history was the monarch Ji of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period.

This brother is a monarch who really holds the power of life and death. He is old and a little senile. A fortune teller in the state of Jin may be tired of life. He told the monarch that you are too old to live to eat new wheat this year. Mr. Ji was certainly unhappy when the new wheat came down that year. When the new wheat came down, he invited the fortune teller to say, look, you said I wouldn't live long enough to eat the new wheat, so I'll give it to you! But you have to die for me first. You can't be sure! Have the fortune teller pushed out and cut down.

Old Ji Man picked up his rice bowl and was about to eat when he suddenly felt sick in his stomach. He told the left and right sides no, I had to go to the toilet first, put down the bowl and went out. The left and right attendants waited left and right, and the meal was cold, but the monarch still didn't come back. What happened? I looked for it privately, but I couldn't find it anywhere in the palace. Finally, I found Mr. Ji in the toilet. He fell into the cesspit and was stung. ...

Later, people praised Mr. Ji as the first emperor to die in the toilet. ...

Zuo Zhuan, which has always been famous for its concise and powerful writing style, describes this matter in only one sentence: "Eat, get up, go to the toilet, fall into a trap and die".

I don't remember who asked me, what is stupid? I said, it seems that he is just a fool and a simpleton. I think the following two can compete for the stupidest emperor. ...

One is the king of Qin, Emperor Taizu, who won. In fact, this monarch has a good future. /kloc-acceded to the throne at the age of 0/7, young and promising. The state of Qin is also in full swing, and the governors are all afraid. Anywhere, just a little silly. I like to compete with others, and I don't hesitate to see anything, especially big things. I was even more excited when I went out at the age of 23 and saw the cauldron in Luoyang. I heard that the Hercules named Meng can lift it, but he didn't say that he could lift it. As a result, I really lifted it, but I didn't hold back. I fell and broke my thigh, and my medical conditions were almost put aside. I died in Luoyang within two days.

Another candidate who is the most stupid and lacking in name is not the emperor, but also the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Jin Zhiyu Ye, who is famous, Guangling Wang Liu Xu. This Liu Tongxue is also a good man, born strong and brave. But no matter how capable you are, you can't like this abnormal activity. Liu Tongxue doesn't like gold and silver beauties, but he likes fighting with bears. It is said that there is a big bear garden in his fief, where there are brown bears, grizzly bears, black bears, Malay bears and white bears ... In short, Liu Tongxue has nothing to do all day, just thinking about how to fight bears, and invited a teacher for this. Every once in a while, I go to the bear park to find a bear and give it a fat beating. What a hero! However, heroes sometimes miss. Finally one day, Liu Tongxue met a terrible bear and was scratched to death by the bear. ...

You said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so wise. How can you have such a precious son? ...

Think about it. Who is more worthy of the stupidest prize, classmate or classmate Liu? I prefer Liu Tongxue. ...

Well, that's all for the story. It's time for us to sum it up. Learning history means learning from history. What have we learned? I think we must learn from the following points in the future:

1. When the young couple quarrel, don't say angry words;

2. Fortune tellers should say something seriously;

3. Weightlifting is a dangerous sport. Never try without professional training.

Man can't beat wild animals, especially bears. Don't try to be brave unless you do it or die.

Finally, don't worry when you go to the toilet, especially when you go to the toilet.

Doll emperor

The founding emperor gained political power and ascended the throne. He regards the regime and the whole country as his private property. Private property can never be transferred to others, which is the principle that imperial power cannot be transferred. He wants to occupy this position forever. Therefore, emperors are eager to live forever. But when death still inevitably comes, they have to pass on their position to their closest and most trusted person-their son. This is the hereditary system of the throne. Even if the prince is still in infancy, even if he is in infancy, he will still succeed to the throne. In this way, many doll emperors appeared in China calendar.

According to statistics, there are 29 doll emperors in the history of China. The earliest emperor was Zhao, who ascended the throne in 86 BC. Xuan Tong, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, became emperor in 1909. Among them, the youngest Liu Long was the first person to promote the return of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was just born 65,438+000 days ago and was declared emperor. Other emperors under the age of 10 are: Chongdi in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Moody in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with a difference of 2 years; The difference between Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Xuan Tong of the Qing Dynasty is 3 years old; Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty was 4 years old; Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty were 5 years old. Shun Di and Tongzhi Emperor in Qing Dynasty were 6 years old; Zhou Gongdi and Yuan Ningzong are 7 years old; Seven people, including Emperor Zhao of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi of the Three Kingdoms and the Qing Dynasty, are all eight years old. Four people, including Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty and Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, are 9 years old. He Di in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Fei Weidi in the Three Kingdoms are all 10 years old. As for/kloc-those who claim to be emperors under the age of 0/6 are too numerous to mention.

When the doll became the emperor, of course, it could not manage the affairs of state. She is always regent by the Queen Mother, consorts or dignitaries. These regents often seek power for self-interest according to their own political needs, play with the doll emperor, and even arbitrarily abolish, kill and change. If the doll emperor can live to be an adult, in order to regain power, he often fights to the death with the Regent, which leads to tragedy. This kind of political farce has been staged one after another, making the palace full of swords and shadows, blood shed. Wang Mang killed Emperor Ping and the last emperor, poisoned Emperor Han Xian, imprisoned Emperor Kangxi and other dignitaries, and the Empress Dowager Cixi brutally treated Emperor Guangxu, all of which are famous examples. When the rulers are busy fighting for power and profit and bloody slaughter, the normal political and economic activities of the country are often interrupted, and the people live in pain and terror.