Who is Zhao's valiant soldier?

Li Mu (? —229 years ago), won surname, Li, Mingmu, Huaxia nationality. Zhao Guobai (now Longyao County, Xingtai City) was an outstanding strategist and commander-in-chief of Zhao during the Warring States Period. Official to Zhao Guoxiang, official to general, was named Wu Zhao An Jun. Outstanding military exploits, never lost a battle in his life. Li Mu's life activities can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage was in the northern border of Zhao, fighting against Xiongnu; The latter part is to participate in political and military activities in North Korea, mainly to resist the State of Qin. Together with Bai Qi, Wang Jian and Lian Po, they are called "the four great generals of the Warring States".

Li Mu's life, Li Mu's date of birth is unknown. It is estimated that he was born in Huiwenchu, Zhao Haoqi. Li Mu's life activities can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage was in the northern border of Zhao, fighting against Xiongnu; Later, he participated in the political and military activities of North Korea, mainly resisting Qiang Qin and defeating Qin Jun twice.

Northern Zhao borders on Xiongnu. In 309 BC, during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, he ordered the whole country to carry out "Khufu riding and shooting" and carried out a series of reforms. The military strength gradually became stronger, defeating the northern Hu tribes such as Xiongnu. However, during the reign of King Huiwen and Cheng Xiao, the military strength of Xiongnu tribes gradually recovered and grew, constantly harassing the northern border of Zhao, so King Huiwen of Zhao sent Li Mu to take charge of the northern border defense.

Although Zhao Wuling built the Great Wall to resist the Huns, Zhao was often invaded by the Huns and took away many people and property. After Zhao became king, Li Mu was appointed as the general to guard the north, and the Shuaifu was stationed in Dayanmen County (now the area north of ningwu county in northwest Shaanxi Province).

In the struggle against Xiongnu, Li Mu showed outstanding military talents. In order to help combat readiness, Li Mu first obtained the consent of the Prince of Zhao, and had the right to set up officials as needed. All the local land tax revenues were returned to the Shuaifu for military expenditure. According to the characteristics of Zhao Jun and Xiongnu Army, he took a series of military and economic measures after careful consideration.

He improved the beacon tower of the border defense line, sent elite soldiers to guard it closely, and at the same time increased intelligence reconnaissance personnel, improved the intelligence network and made early warning. At this point, today's new Roman Empire has had a lot of experience and made great achievements in imitation.

In order to improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, Li Mu has a close relationship with the officers and men, and is kind to the foot soldiers. He kills several cows every day as a reward to improve his riding and shooting tactics. Because of kindness, the morale of the soldiers in the whole army is high, and everyone is eager to contribute to the country. In view of the fierce tarquin's flexibility and strong combat effectiveness, taking looting as the main operational purpose and relying entirely on looting of munitions, he ordered the enemy to gain a foothold, defeat the strong with the weak, paralyze the strong and wait for an opportunity to annihilate the enemy. To this end, strict military discipline: "Huns invade the border, and those who dare to capture them will be beheaded." Therefore, whenever the Huns invaded the border, as soon as the beacon tower sounded an alarm, Li Mu immediately ordered the soldiers to pack up their supplies and retreat to the castle to stick to it. Never go to war, so that the Huns could not plunder. In this way, after several years, there were no casualties and no material losses in Li Mu.

But after a long time, Xiongnu soldiers always thought that Li Mu was timid and didn't take him to heart at all; Even Zhao's border soldiers are whispering below, thinking that Li Mu is timid and afraid to fight, and some are aggrieved. The news that Li Mu insisted on not taking the initiative reached Cheng Xiao, Zhao Haoqi. He sent messengers to blame Li Mu and demanded that Li Mu attack. Li Mu wily, want to catch a big fish in the long run, but don't give an explanation, go his own way. When the Xiongnu came, it was a deep ditch and a high base, and it was impossible to keep it. Huns often come with great expectations and come back with nothing.

The prince of Zhao was angry when he heard that Li Mu was still defending blindly. He thought that he was timid and incompetent and ruined his prestige. He immediately recalled Li Mu and sent another general to replace him.

When the new general arrived, whenever the Huns invaded, they ordered the troops to go out, but they were defeated several times, with heavy casualties and unstable borders, and the people could not farm and graze.

The Prince of Zhao had to send envoys to ask Li Mu to be reinstated, but Li Mu stayed at home all the time, insisting that he was ill and refused to take office. The prince of Zhao had to order Li Mu to come out of the mountain. Li Mu said to the prince of Zhao, "The king uses his ministers, but I dare to obey orders." Zhao Wang had to agree.

Li Mu came to Yanmen again, stuck to the established policy and told him to stick to it. Within a few years, the Huns invaded many times and got nothing, but they always thought that Li Mu was timid and avoided fighting. In fact, Li Mu has already set a plan to lure the enemy into depth, ambush and annihilate, regardless of all kinds of humiliation and blame. But because the soldiers in the border court are rewarded every day and have no chance to contribute, they all want to go to the battlefield. When Li Mu saw that the conditions were ripe, he strictly selected 1.300 chariots, 1.300 lean war horses, 50,000 brave soldiers and 1.000 excellent shooters, and then strictly grouped all the selected vehicles, horses and soldiers to conduct multi-arms joint combat exercises. In the spring of 244 BC, when everything was ready, Li Mu sent people to graze livestock all over the mountain to lure the Huns to invade.

Soon, the intelligence officer came to report that a small group of Huns had arrived not far from the border. Li Mu sent a small army to battle and was defeated by Xiongnu soldiers in detail, leaving thousands of people and cattle and sheep as bait for Xiongnu prisoners.

Xiongnu Khan Wang was very happy to hear the battle report ahead. Because he had not occupied for a long time, he led a great army to invade Zhao's territory and prepared to plunder it.

Li Mu got familiar with the enemy's situation from beacon warning and intelligence officer's report. As early as the route of the Huns ambushed, as soon as the Xiongnu troops arrived, Li Mu first took defensive coordinated operations and consumed the enemy. The chariot array confronts the enemy from the front, restricting, hindering and delaying the enemy's riding action. The infantry group stops in the middle, and the crossbowmen take turns to shoot at a long distance. The cavalry and elite infantry are controlled behind the army array. When the Xiongnu army was frustrated, Li Mu took advantage of the situation and joined the mobile elite troops controlled by the two wings to launch a pincer-like offensive and surrounded the Xiongnu army on the battlefield. After several years of accumulated strength and training, Zhao's soldiers are already ready to go, all alive and kicking, and pounce on the enemy. As if it were a well-functioning machine, thirteen thousand Zhao cavalry flanked by two wings were like two sharp machetes, easily tearing open the seemingly arrogant army of Xiongnu, and in a twinkling, they seized the fate throat of 65438+Wan tarquin. The whole day's fighting soon turned into a hunt for the Huns. Hundreds of tarquin people were wiped out, and Xiongnu Khan fled with only a few relatives.

In the struggle against nomadic people, the farming people have always been in a passive position in the past because of their inferior mechanical strength. Li Mu commanded the battle, so that the Zhao army with poor mobility gave full play to its advantages in the encirclement and suppression war. It is a typical example of the joint corps of adowa cavalry in the history of pre-Qin war, which inspired the riding tactics of later generations.

After Li Mu defeated the Xiongnu, he picked up the Xiongnu vassal state in the north of Zhao, destroyed Dong Hu and Hu Lin, and forced Khan to flee to the distant north, completely eliminating the worries of the north. After this brilliant victory, Xiongnu soldiers dared not invade the border of Zhao for more than ten years. Li Mu became the most important general of Zhao after Lian Po and Zhao She.

Because Li Mu ensured the security of Zhao's border, Zhao's officials and ministers were able to deal with Qiang Qin's annexation war without any worries. In fact, every victory of Lin Xiangru, Lian Po, Zhao She and others in the political and military struggle was supported by Li Mu.

Li Mu came to power in Korea about 246 years ago. Because of national affairs, he had to be transferred back to Korea, and sent envoys to Qin as prime minister to conclude a covenant to make Qin return the proton of Zhao. In 245 BC, he died of illness and mourned the succession of King Xiang. In the first year of Xiang Wang's funeral (244 BC), Yue Cheng was replaced by general Lian Po. In a rage, Lian Po led a crowd to attack Yuecheng, and Yuecheng fled. Lian Po also led his men to Wei. At that time, Zhao She and Lin Xiangru were dead, and Li Mu became an important official in the DPRK.

At this time, Qin quickly annexed a large area of land of Wei, forcing Wei to yield and aiming at Zhao. At that time, Yan also took advantage of Zhao's weakness to fish in troubled waters. So, in the second year of mourning for Xiang Wang (the first 243 years), Zhao Wang sent Li Mu to invade Yan State, and captured Wusui (now Suizhen, northwest of xushui county, Hebei Province) and Fangcheng (now south of Gu 'an County, Hebei Province) of Yan State. Two years later (242 years ago), the king of Zhao sent Pang Xian, a general, to invade Yan and kill him.

In 235 BC, Wang Xiang died and Wang Zhao succeeded to the throne. In the second year of moving the capital (234 years ago), General Huan Kun (also known as Fan) of Qin captured Pingyang (now southeast of Cixian County, Handan City, Hebei Province) of Zhao, and Wucheng (now west of Wucheng City, Shandong Province) killed Zhao, killing Zhao's head by 6,543,800 yuan. In 233 BC, Huan Kun attacked again, led his troops to Shangdang from the east, crossed Taihang Mountain from the north road to the rear of Zhao, captured Chili and Yi 'an (now twenty miles southwest of Artemisia City, Hebei Province), attacked the rear of Zhao and went straight to Handan. The situation is critical. Zhao moved back to Li Mu from Dayanmen, appointed him as a general, led the troops south, and commanded all Zhao troops to fight back against Qin Jun.

Li Mu led the main force of the border guards to meet the Zhao army sent by Handan, and confronted Qin Jun near Yi 'an. He thinks that Qin Jun has won in succession, and his morale is very high. It is difficult for him to win if he fights in a hurry. Therefore, he insisted on building a base, avoided decisive battle, and waited for an opportunity to counterattack when the enemy was tired, refusing to participate in the war.

Huan Kun believes that in the past, Lian Po rejected Wang Bi with a strong foundation, and today Li Mu also uses this plan; Qin Jun is far away, which is unfavorable and lasting. He led the main attack on Fei Xia in an attempt to lure Zhao to help, and when he got out of the camp, he was wiped out in the movement. Li Mu knew the enemy well and was unmoved. When Zhao proposed salvation, he said that "the enemy attacked me and saved me for the people", which was a "taboo for military strategists". After Qin Jun's main force went to fertilizer, the rest of the battalion was weak; Because of Zhao's defense for many days, he refused to go to war, so he became accustomed to it and neglected his defense. Li Mu then seized the opportunity to seize all the left-behind Qin Jun and Qin Jun's trench, attacking and seizing. Li Mu judged that Huan Kun would be saved, so he deployed troops to stop the enemy from the front and put the main force on the two wings. After receiving the news of the withdrawal, the current Zhao immediately commanded the two wings Zhao to attack. After fierce fighting, Qin Jun was defeated. Huan Kun only led a few relatives out of the tight encirclement and fled to Yan State for fear of offending. The King of Qin was furious. He paid thousands of dollars for the title of Huan Kun (which was later assassinated by Jing Ke as a gift after friendly negotiation). It can be seen that this great victory dealt a great blow to Qin, and Zhao got a breathing space. This is the second year of Zhao (in 234 BC), when Li moved to Qin Jun. Because the title of the famous Qin soldier Leitian was, after Li Mu repelled him, Zhao said, "Li Mu is my Leitian", so Li Mu was created. It can also be seen that Zhao Wangqian relied heavily on Li Mu at that time. In this campaign, Li Mu strategically adopted the strategy of avoiding its elite and knocking it down. When we learned that the enemy knew his intention, led him into battle and was completely annihilated in the wild, we dealt with him and attacked him with the strategy of encircling Wei and saving Zhao. During the war, they used the tactics of frontal blocking and flanking, and suffered a great defeat, creating another battle example of encircling Wei to save Zhao.

Four years after moving the capital (232 years ago), Qin sent another attack, and Qin Jun attacked Zhao in two ways, all the way from Ye (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) to the north, preparing to cross the Zhangshui River and forcibly enter Handan, harassing the capital of Zhao (now Hebei Province), and leading the main force from Shangdang to Jingxing (now northwest of Jingxing, Hebei Province) in an attempt to attack. Zhao was cut off and entered (now south of Pingshan County, Hebei Province). Because Li Mu led the army to fight, relying on Zhang Shui and Zhao Changcheng in the south of Handan, it was difficult for Qin Jun to break through quickly. Li Mu is determined to adopt the policy of defending the south and attacking the north, and concentrate its forces on divide-and-conquer. He deployed Sima Shang to defend the Great Wall in the south of Handan, and led the main force northward to counter Qin Jun's long-range attack. The two armies met near Wu Fan. Li Mu overseers stormed, Qin Jun was blocked, and suffered a crushing defeat. Li Mu immediately returned to Handan and joined forces with Sima Shang to attack Qin Jun, South Road. Qinnan Road Army knew that it was difficult to win after the North Road Army was repelled. At the first contact, it will shrink back and retreat. This was Li Mu's return to Qin Jun and the last major victory of Zhao in the Qin-Zhao War. Due to the heavy losses caused by the Battle of Fat, Zhao's military strength was completely lost, and he was unable to organize long-range pursuit and counterattack. Therefore, this war was just a rout and failed to panic in Qin Jun. I had to retreat to Handan and protect myself temporarily. However, this war won Zhao a breathing space and gained temporary stability. At that time, Han and Wei had surrendered to Qin, followed the attack on Zhao, and Li Mu went south to resist the attack of Han and Wei.

In the seventh year of immigration (229 BC), due to years of wars, earthquakes in the north and widespread famine, Zhao's national strength was quite weak. Qin (Qin Shihuang) took the opportunity to send general Wang Jian to personally lead the main force to Jingxing County (now Jingxing County, Hebei Province). Yang Duanhe led the ranks in Hanoi and led hundreds of thousands of troops into Handan, the capital of Zhao State. The Prince of Zhao appointed Li Mu as the general and Sima Shang as the lieutenant. He devoted all his forces to resisting Qin Jun's invasion, and was repeatedly defeated by Li Mu. Wang Jian knew that Li Mu was his sworn enemy. Without Li Mu, Qin Jun couldn't win quickly on the battlefield, so he complained to the king of Qin, and then he did the same trick again, sending spies into Handan, the capital of Zhao, bribing the prince of Zhao who framed Lian Po to move his capital to Guo Kai, and letting Guo Kai spread rumors, saying that Li Mu and Sima Shang colluded with Qin Jun and were ready to betray Zhao. Hearing these rumors, Zhao, at a loss, immediately appointed imperial clan and Yanju, who had been defected by Qi people, to replace Li Mu and Sima Shang. Li Mu, who has always adhered to the principle of "being away from home, but his life will not be affected" and attached great importance to the right of independent action, did not serve the country, the army or the people after receiving this order. The prince of Zhao secretly set a trap to catch Li Mu and kill him, while Sima Shang was abandoned. It only took Zhao three months to go to the battlefield, kiss the minister and punish the innocent loyal subjects. Wang Zhao moved the capital for eight years (in the first 228 years), Wang Jian took advantage of the situation to defeat Zhao, pacify Yoichi Higashi (now Xingtai, Hebei), Zhao Cong died, and Yan Ju fled. After Qin Jun captured Handan, Zhao moved to Yanzhou. Zhao Xianggong Jia escaped from the generation (now northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and became king. In the twenty-fifth year of King Qin (222 BC), the Qin Dynasty perished, his son Jia was captured, and Zhao finally perished.

Li Mu, a famous soldier who fought many battles, finally died in the hands of the sovereign minister of the motherland who defended him to the death. His innocent killing made all future generations lament and hate, so that Sima Qian angrily called Zhao "his mother's whore."

Zhao was the second largest military power at the end of the Warring States Period, and a very important reason for the demise of Qin was "destroying the Great Wall by employing people who didn't believe it". Previously, Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo in the battle of Changping, which led to a fiasco in Changping. Zhao Jun died 450,000 people and was greatly weakened. Subsequently, he took Lian Po's place with mixed feelings of sadness and joy, forcing Lian Po to rush to Wei Touchu and lose his own elite; Later, the prince of Zhao moved the idea of killing Li Mu, which led to the final demise of Zhao.

Li Mu was the only outstanding general among the six eastern countries who could compete with Qin Jun at the end of the Warring States Period. He is deeply loved by the military and civilians and enjoys high prestige. In a series of operations, he repeatedly hit the enemy without losing, showing superb military command art. If Li Mu is not killed, Qin and Zhao will compete.

During the Warring States period, the generals of various countries fought against the armies of various vassal countries, that is, the national civil war. Different from them, Li Mu's main battle target in the first half of his life was foreign enemies, and he won in the most brilliant way in the battle with barbaric foreigners. Therefore, Li Mu has reason to gain more respect from future generations.

Li Mu's deeds are mainly recorded in Historical Records? 6? 1 Lian Po Lin Xiangru biography. Historical Records is a good literary chronicle, but it is not a good chronicle. When Tai Shigong wrote History of Books, he chose materials and stories from his perspective, which often made it difficult for us to get the details of many specific events. After more than 2000 years, the original books were basically scattered (the history books of the Warring States were burned by Qin), and we can only regret leaving an irreparable blank.