Are there any historical materials and books about Dali or ancient Yunnan?

The ancient Dianchi Lake is inhabited by Kunming (now the ancestors of Yi people) tribe. Before the Han Dynasty, the ancient Dian Kingdom was established in Dianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to Yunnan, and Wang Quanguo, Yunnan, surrendered and invited officials to the DPRK. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave Wang Yin, king of Yunnan, to restore the people (this piece of Yunnan pure gold Wang Yin was unearthed in Shizhai Mountain two thousand years later). After that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County in Yunnan, and the power of the king of Yunnan was replaced by the county chief, which was subject to the county system of the Han Dynasty. In the 1 century, the once brilliant Yunnan bronze culture was completely integrated into the iron culture. Sima Qian has a vital record of this period of history. Around 339 BC, Chu wanted to expand its sphere of influence to the southwest and sent Zhuang Qi to Yunnan. Soon, Qin destroyed Ba and Shu, and Zhuang Ti lost contact with Chu homeland. So, "with all kings, he became obedient to their customs and learned from them." This is a generation of Dian kings clearly recorded in historical materials, and it is impossible to verify whether there was a Dian king before him. However, before Miao Zhuang entered Yunnan, the bronze culture of Yunnan people had entered its heyday. Professor Li Kunsheng, an archaeologist, said that apart from artistic achievements, Chu culture at this time should be more advanced than Yunnan culture. At least Chu people wear shoes, and Yunnan people are barefoot, but there seems to be not many traces of Chu culture he brought into Yunnan in Yunnan tombs, and some scholars have questioned this record. Around 1 century BC, this isolated kingdom finally came to an end. A king of Dian, who ruled Dianchi Lake, posed a serious question to the envoys of the Han Dynasty. He asked: Who is older, the Han Dynasty or me? In his eyes, the world will not be much bigger than the territory of Yunnan. Not long after, however, the lovely king of Yunnan, together with his paradise, disappeared from history. The world is much wider and more complicated than he imagined. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to Yunnan, and Wang Quanguo, Yunnan, surrendered and invited officials to the DPRK. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave Wang Yin, the king of Yunnan, to restore his people-this piece of pure Yunnan gold Wang Yin was unearthed in Shizhai Mountain two thousand years later. After that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County in Yunnan, and the power of the king of Yunnan was replaced by the county chief, which was subject to the county system of the Han Dynasty. The immigration of Han people made the mainland culture enter Yunnan on a large scale. In just 65,438+000 years, the culture of Yunnan people has undergone earth-shaking changes. By the 1 century, Yunnan's once brilliant bronze culture was completely integrated into the iron culture.

Edit this mysterious hill and reveal the top secrets of ancient Yunnan.

1953, shortly after the establishment of the Yunnan Archaeological Task Force, some rusty bronzes appeared in the waste collection station on the streets of Kunming. These mysterious artifacts have nothing in common with the bronze age civilization in Central Plains that scholars are familiar with. They revealed the mysterious atmosphere of an independent ancient world. After three years of hard work, 1956 archaeologists finally revealed the greatest discovery in the archaeological history of Yunnan: a kingdom that has disappeared for thousands of years-the ancient Yunnan tomb. This hill is very ordinary, 200 meters wide from east to west and 500 meters long from north to south. It is located on the bank of Dianchi Lake and looks like a whale lying on the beach from a distance. This hill is called Shizhai Mountain. There are no stone tablets and no mounds. Plain enough to arouse the greedy fantasy of grave robbers, so it can be peaceful for two thousand years. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/956, the official excavation began, and a brand-new and unknown mysterious culture appeared. This hill is a huge tomb group, and the objects that are constantly unearthed and the subsequent surprises not only excite archaeologists but also surprise historians. A golden seal-"Wang Yin, Yunnan" was unearthed in Tomb No.6, which was recorded in Historical Records and given to the king of Yunnan by Emperor Yuan Feng of the Han Dynasty in the second year. Sima Qian said in Historical Records that there was a country called Yunnan, but there was no record about it since then. Except that Sima Qian's record was quoted again in later Han Shu and Huayang Guozhi, no one mentioned it again. This ancient Dian kingdom has disappeared, with no trace, no legend, and no one knows where its subjects have gone. If it weren't for this discovery, no one would know what a glorious historical era is behind this short record in Historical Records.

Editing this mysterious passage appears and disappears.

Unearthed cultural relics almost represent the fine products of bronze culture in Yunnan era, including Yunnan heavyweights and shells, bronze chimes, golden hairpin swords, golden beads, agates, jade articles, chariots and horses, and exotic copper buckles. They are priceless and represent the real existence of an ancient Yunnan kingdom, the first local government in the history of ancient Yunnan. The splendid bronze culture is the background of this ancient kingdom. They are extremely exquisite and have a high level of craftsmanship, and their styles and shapes have nothing in common with the Central Plains culture. They are a civilization that emerged and developed in an independent region. This mysterious ancient civilization seems unable to resist loneliness. After disappearing for many centuries, it has quietly opened a gap. From the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age, Yunnan was later than other ancient civilizations in the world 1000 years. But in the following years, Yunnan people relied on their talents and wisdom to bring the civilization of the Bronze Age to the extreme. Historians are still puzzled. Where did this highly developed bronze civilization, which almost suddenly appeared on the Yunnan Plateau, originate? Scholars have found that craftsmen in ancient Yunnan not only have superb artistic level, but also have been able to master the proper proportion of copper and tin in casting technology. The proportion of tin in weapons is large to improve its hardness; The proportion of tin in decorations is very small, and it is used for modeling, which reflects that ancient Yunnan people are familiar with the properties of different metals. Some objects have been tinned, gilded and gilded, and inlaid with jade patterns, which are symmetrical and complete in appearance and exquisite and complicated in patterns. Although the shell container and some figures on the buckle are only 3 cm in size, their eyes are clear and their facial expressions are visible. The lines carved on the object are very shallow, but the technique is very skilled. They were all hand-carved by craftsmen two thousand years ago. These cultural relics show that Yunnan is a self-contained and independent bronze culture type.

The more discoveries you make by editing this paragraph, the more mysteries you have.

The more we know about ancient Yunnan, the more problems we have. For example, where is the capital of this lost kingdom built? The area centered on Dianchi Lake is connected with ancient tombs. Under the shallow soil layer, various bronze devices are scattered everywhere. Under the shallow soil layer along the Dianchi Lake, corroded knives, guns or axes are constantly dug out of the ground, but no one has ever found the ancient capital of Yunnan. The ancient Dian kingdom disappeared, but its story did not end. More than two thousand years later, Yunnan, a kingdom that created a splendid bronze civilization, became the abbreviation of Yunnan. Kunming, a nomadic people who wandered in the western Yunnan Plateau, lived without a fixed place and fought with Yunnan people, became the name of a modern city. Isn't this the legacy of seemingly disappearing history? Maybe one day, we can use these remaining historical fragments around us to reproduce that brilliant bronze civilization.

The characteristics of editing Yunnan bronzes in ancient Yunnan culture.

According to textual research, the ancient kingdom of Yunnan was a slave empire established by ancient Yunnan minorities. It flourished on the shores of Dianchi Lake and from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty. Living in the southwest corner, far from the cultural vision of the Central Plains. The ancient Yunnan has long been lost in the dust of history, which is mysterious and strange. In the 7th century BC, Yunnan had a unique bronze culture. At that time, the ancient Yunnan people were rarely bound by the traditional ethics of the Central Plains, and they were more open and creative in artistic conception and expression techniques. As far as objects and types are concerned, no matter production tools, daily necessities, weapons, musical instruments or decorations, everything is made of bronze, while bronzes in the Central Plains are mostly limited to weapons and ritual vessels. The decorative patterns on bronzes, in particular, are mostly vivid images of natural animals and plants, which are typical plots in people's daily lives. As far as animal images in decorative themes are concerned, there are more than 40 kinds of ancient bronzes in Yunnan, ranging from tigers and leopards to bees and beetles, all of which are very exquisite and realistic. Yunnan ancient bronzes are quite different from other frontier cultures in China. There are not only weapons, spears, forks, swords and other bronze weapons obviously influenced by the bronze civilization of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains, but also shell containers and bronze buckles with the theme of reflecting the social life of Yunnan, which obviously have the unique regional cultural characteristics of Yunnan.

Edit this paragraph: Yunnan Wang Jinyin and the Mystery of Yuyuan Ancient City

1955 to 1960, archaeologists excavated 50 ancient tombs from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning County, near Dianchi Lake, and unearthed more than 4,000 cultural relics, most of which were bronzes, indicating that the owners of the tombs lived in the heyday of bronze culture in Yunnan. 1956, scholars were shocked to find that a gold seal of Yunnan was dug up, which confirmed the historical fact that Wang Yin was named king of Yunnan by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Historical Records, and fully demonstrated that the ancient kingdom of Yunnan did exist, and its capital was in Jinning area. Historians have always believed that the disappearance of the ancient cities of Han, Henan and Yuan is a mystery. Historically, even if Yu Garden changed its place name, it should be recorded. However, after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the information of Yuyuan Ancient City was interrupted. Where did Yu Yuancheng go? Geography of Hanshu contains: "Yuyuan Garden, the pool is in the south, and the bridge water flows out ...", "The bridge water bears the south pool of Yuyuan Garden, and the county governs Longzhou, which is seventeen miles on Thursday." Yuyuan County is now Chengjiang, Jiangchuan, Hongta, Shilin (Lunan) and other counties. Longchizhou, a big and strong county, should be a prosperous city. This city is definitely not the present Chengjiang City. So, where is Yuyuan County in Han Dynasty? Did the city sink into Fuxian Lake? The inner city of Fuxian Lake underwater ancient city may be the place where Wang Dian left the palace, and later it may be renamed Yuyuan County. The ancient county town of Yuyuan Garden is really like what the people say, "There is a sunken city in Chengjiang Lake", which sank to the bottom of the lake due to the earthquake. It is the ancient city that is now detected under Fuxian Lake.

Edit this section of Jincheng ancient town, the imperial capital of ancient Yunnan kingdom.

Jincheng Town, Jinning County is located on the east bank of Dianchi Lake, surrounded by mountains on three sides and lakeside hilly plain on one side. Here, there are criss-crossing buildings, criss-crossing fields and ten thousand mu of fertile land. About 5 kilometers west of the ancient town is Shizhai Mountain, a famous national key cultural relics protection unit. This is the final destination of the N-generation Dian kings, their families and servants, the capital of the ancient Dian kingdom, Jincheng Town, and the birthplace of Dian culture. From the old China period to the Tang Dynasty, Jincheng Town has always been the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan. When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ruled China, Jincheng, as the county seat of Ningzhou, was once "expanded by the secretariat of Liang Pi, building nine gates and twelve roads", which shows the grand scale at that time. In the 22nd year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1486), a brick city was built, and four gates, Longxiang, Nanxun, Fengdong and Gongcheng, were built in the southeast and northwest. Hundreds of years later, they were repaired or destroyed from time to time. By the time of field survey in 1954, the damaged ancient city wall was 4 100 meters long and 4 meters high. In the ancient town, most of the houses and public buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are now well preserved, and people can still imagine the prosperity of the ancient town. On May 20, 2003, Kunming Daily reported: "The ancient town has a long history, unique ancient residential courtyard, unique street pattern and exquisite architectural carving art, which has attracted great attention from experts of Zurich Cultural Relics Protection Bureau. Twenty of them visited the ancient town three times and were amazed at the lost civilization of ancient Yunnan. " The ancient city of Jincheng has a special position in the history of architecture and urban construction. The well-preserved urban construction layout of Ming and Qing Dynasties covers an area of more than 600,000 square meters. It consists of eight streets in the old city, including Shangxi Street, Xiaxi Street and Guan Jing Street, with dozens of alleys. This architectural style has been preserved from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Most of the residential courtyards preserved in the streets and alleys are "dry fence" and "one seal" structures, with a quadrangle layout of "three rooms and four ears" or "two rooms and two ears", a beam-lifting roof truss, a combination of double eaves and mountains, carved doors and windows, carved dragons and carved phoenixes, and flower and tree reliefs, which have been highly praised by Chinese and foreign experts! Wipe away the thick dust on the house, and the dazzling national art is instantly presented to people. In ancient rural towns in China, except those near rivers and streams, most of them dug wells, while there were many ancient wells in Jincheng, which was unexpected to most people. More than n anecdotes and legends about water wells can be collected in Jincheng. No matter how credible these legends are, what people see today is the spectacle of the well folk custom "every family has a well and every household has a clear spring"! In the ancient town, almost all the houses have a well, which the locals call a "private well". It is particularly worth mentioning that these wells are not in the yard, but directly dug by the kitchen stove of the host family, which brings great convenience to life! Corresponding to these private wells, there are also some wells scattered on the street outside the house. These wells are called "official wells", hence the name of Jingcheng Street in Jincheng. Without exception, these ancient wells have different characteristics from those in other places. First, the wellhead is small, with a diameter of only about 20 cm; Secondly, there is a symmetrical hole on both sides of the well site. The local old man explained that the wellhead is small to prevent suicide, and the holes on both sides of the well site are to lock the manhole cover and prevent the bad guys from poisoning! What a wise thought and thoughtful prevention, this is the creative life of the ancient town people, which provides us with unlimited space for daydreaming. Due to the long history, the grinding marks left by the owner's family who used the well rope to carry water up and down day after day were deeply imprinted on the mine field. This is the mark of the past years, and it is a life reminder left by generations of Jincheng people's joys and sorrows. The natural landscape around the ancient town of Jincheng is very beautiful. The famous five-character ancient poem "A line of 23 miles, four or five smoke villages, six or seven pagodas and eighty or ninety flowers" describes and praises this landscape. According to textual research by Mr. Li, a scholar of local chronicles in Jinning, this poem was written by Wang Shouzuo, a juren in the ugly year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1625), in Selected Works of Sining Culture in/989. Wang is from Jinsha, Jinning. This poem describes the rural scenery in spring from the East Gate of Jincheng to Panlong Temple. The author and friends went out for a spring outing. The road to the west of Dongmen is full of peach blossoms and willow greens. There are four or five families in a village called Chae Yeon Village on the roadside, with bamboo fences and vegetable fields. It is a beautiful pastoral scenery in spring! After a few miles, I came to Panlong Ancient Temple, a famous colorful temple in central Yunnan, and photocopied it on the balcony. Climbing Rizhao Mountain, the main peak of Panlong Temple at an altitude of 2 174 meters, Lin Tao bursts, looking around, and carefully looking at Shizhai Mountain in the Western Han Tomb, Tiannv City built by Li Xiu, the heroine of Ningzhou in Jin Dynasty, the stone statue of Stone King in Song Dynasty, Bazaar thorn in Yuan Dynasty, and Wangshan, the place where Valmy buried his bones. Crossing the misty Dianchi Lake, overlooking Taihua, Biji, Yuxia and other peaks, sunrise and sunset, from now to now, endless vicissitudes of the ancient town! There are many stone tablets that record biographies, inscriptions, events and epitaphs of historical figures, which is another major feature of Jincheng ancient town. Such as: Jincheng remnant monument, the former site monument of Dianchi County in Zhou Hanyi County, the temple monument of Mrs. Zhong Lieming Hui (Li Xiu), the preface monument of Xiangshan Academy, the monument of Gong Xue in Jinning Prefecture, the monument of Baoyun Tower of Dajue Zen Master, the monument of Confucius, the monument of Lengyangchun and the monument of homeland. Jincheng has been the main road from central Yunnan to southern Yunnan since ancient times, and many main roads such as Kunming to Luoda, Kunming to Ximeng, Kunyang to Jiangchuan meet here. Dianchi Lake has convenient water transportation, and large livestock, grain, vermicelli and other local products and commodities traveling to and from Kunming, Yuxi, Mengzi, Jianshui and Gejiu are transferred here. Therefore, prosperity was formed here in ancient times. Jincheng, one of the eight famous towns in Yunnan, is a state street with a long history, which breeds many appetizing local snacks, such as baked wheat cake, crispy rice crust, rock sugar sand cake, crispy stewed spring roll powder, bean curd, etc. Today's Jincheng Town, there are Kunyu Expressway and Jinjiang Highway crossing the border. After the Dianchi Expressway is completed and opened to traffic, Kunming to Jincheng can be reached immediately. By then, convenient transportation, long-standing cultural landscape of ancient Yunnan capital, unique famous temples, exotic flowers and trees, and snacks with unique local flavor will surely attract many tourists at home and abroad, and the tide of tourism, culture and economy has begun to surge in Jincheng, the coast of Dianchi Lake ... Yunnan Institute of Archaeology cooperated with the University of Michigan to carry out a three-year archaeological survey of Dianchi Lake. Recently, archaeologists from the two countries made an amazing discovery: in the center of Jincheng Town, Jinning County, the remains of a large building were exposed on the ground and judged to be artifacts from the Han and Jin Dynasties, which had never been found in previous archaeology in this province. The discovery site is about 5 kilometers away from Shizhai Mountain, the land of Wang Jinyin in Yunnan, and it is compared with the satellite map of the ancient city site in the 1970s-it is located in the northeast corner of the ancient city site on the satellite map. Archaeologists speculate that this may be the site of Guyizhou County that archaeologists have been looking for for for decades, that is, the site of the ancient Dianwangcheng. Yesterday, Jiang Zhinong, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Archaeology, led a reporter to discover that he drove from Kunming 1 hour to Jinning County. At the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the core area of Jincheng Town, Jiang Zhinong carefully pointed to some building components such as rope tiles and pipe tiles, as well as some shallow-buried pottery. Professor Hunter, an American archaeologist, has been carrying a satellite image of the 1970s, which clearly shows that there is a rectangular ancient city ruins in a rectangular golden town area. Scholars compared the newly discovered ruins with this satellite image and found a surprise: this is in the northeast corner of the ancient city ruins on the satellite image. The current satellite map shows that this ancient city site is covered by a large number of modern buildings, and the site where the remains are found is also the only part of Jincheng town that is not superimposed by modern buildings, which happens to be the corner of the city site on the satellite map at that time. Scholars began to get excited. According to reports, this year is the first year for China and the United States to cooperate in the archaeological investigation of prehistoric settlements in Dianchi Lake. The survey area includes Jincheng Town, Shangsuan Township and Xinjie Township in Jinning County, with a survey area of 60 square kilometers. Why have the cultural relics here never been seen before? What buildings have ever been here? If it is indeed a part of an ancient city (town), what ancient town is it? Chinese and American archaeologists speculate that this is probably the site of the county seat of Zhou Hanyi County, which archaeologists have been searching for for for decades, that is, the location of the ancient Dianwangcheng. Because it is newly built here, the remaining area is less than 6.5438+0 million square meters. Archaeologists are eager to get the attention of relevant departments and conduct rescue archaeological excavations here in order to uncover the mystery of the ancient king city in Yunnan, which existed for 500 years before 2000.

Edit the background reading of this paragraph.

Jiang Zhilong, a research librarian at Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that ancient Yunnan was a bronze kingdom that mysteriously disappeared. Yunnan is rarely mentioned in China's history books for thousands of years. Historians found from Sima Qian's masterpiece Historical Records that there was an ancient kingdom along the Dianchi Lake more than two thousand years ago. Sima Qian called it "Dian" in Historical Records. At that time, the ancient Dian people who lived by the Dianchi Lake had towering bun, mainly farming ... This originated from the Warring States period, when the King of Chu opened up territory and sent Zhuang across the border to Yunnan, which was called the King of Dian. Sun Hua, vice president of Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture, thinks that Yunnan culture is very interesting, which is really a wonderful history. There are not only Sima Qian's records, Yunnan Wang Jinyin unearthed in Shizhai Mountain, but also images unearthed in Lijiashan and yangfu, and a large number of three-dimensional sculptures-bronzes, which fully reflect the whole picture of ancient Yunnan culture and are the most wonderful chapters in Yunnan culture. These precious objects proved that the economy and culture of Yunnan people had developed to a higher level before 2000. Dian culture centered on Dianchi Lake was formed at the beginning of the Warring States at the latest and flourished from the end of the Warring States to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty. It began to decline in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and it still remained from the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, Yunnan culture, which lasted for hundreds of years, completely disappeared. Yunnan culture has left countless mysteries to the world: where is the capital of ancient Yunnan? Who was the main ethnic group in ancient Yunnan? What is the social nature of ancient Yunnan? Some experts believe that in BC 109, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yizhou County in the ancient Dian State, and its county governance should be located in the original capital of Dian State. Jincheng Town has the "Gu Yizhou County Monument" mentioned by Yuan Jiagu.

Edit this paragraph about the establishment of ancient Yunnan.

On the establishment of the ancient Dian state: Some scholars believe that the ancient Dian state was a political power established by the local Yi people. Sima Qian has a crucial record. Around 339 BC, Chu wanted to expand its sphere of influence to the southwest and sent Zhuang Qi to Yunnan. Soon, Qin destroyed Ba and Shu, and Zhuang Ti lost contact with Chu homeland. So, "with all kings, he became obedient to their customs and learned from them." This is a generation of Dian kings clearly recorded in historical materials, and it is impossible to verify whether there was a Dian king before him. However, a few years before Zhuang Ti entered Yunnan, the bronze culture of Yunnan people had entered its heyday, but there didn't seem to be many traces of Chu culture he brought into Yunnan in the ancient tombs of Yunnan.