Miao taboo

What is the most taboo of Miao nationality?

1, Miao people are most afraid that outsiders will be called "Miao Zi", which is considered as the biggest insult to Miao people.

2. When guests come to the Miao family, they must respect each other with wine. If the guest accepts it, the host will regard it as a confidant. If the guests can't drink well, they should also take a shot of the symbolic products. When Miao people kill chickens to entertain guests, they always give the heads, livers and breasts of chickens to the elderly or the most distinguished guests, drumsticks to children and chicken wings to young men and women, wishing them unlimited future. Generations live under one roof, so young men and women should not be too close. 4. Miao people have a close relationship with nature, and believe that there are gods attached to bridges, trees, roofs and kitchens. Whenever festivals or VIPs come, they will burn incense and offer sacrifices to comfort their ancestors and pray for peace. It is inappropriate for guests to express their criticism of such activities.

5. Miao people should avoid sending festive gifts with white cocks; Avoid outsiders touching the shrine of the hall at will; Avoid the iron tripod in the fire; Put a straw sign at the door, indicating that there are patients at home and outsiders are not allowed to enter.

Miao customs and taboos;

Miao nationality-introduction

Miao people are mainly distributed in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiao Mountain in Guangxi, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, with a population of 970,000. Miao nationality has a long history. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago. This is a clan and tribe called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao people live on high mountains, mainly in agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes, beans, and cash crops are hemp, which are generally grown and spun by themselves. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems and love songs. Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular.

Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.

Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.

Miao nationality-history

Miao nationality has a long history, and its ancestors may be part of the ancient three south areas. One theory originated from the "mane" people in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they mainly lived in western Hunan and eastern Guizhou, including in the name of "Changsha-Wuling Revolution" or "Wuxi Man", and then gradually migrated and scattered in the southwest mountainous areas. Others believe that it is related to the ancient "Jiuli". Miao people in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and other places have regarded Chiyou as their ancestors so far. Legend has it that Chiyou is the king of Jiuli. Five thousand years ago, the Jiuli tribe clashed with the Huangdi tribe, withdrew from the lower reaches of the Yellow River and occupied the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Gradually form a "three seedlings." After the 2nd century BC, most Miao ancestors migrated to Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. The Miao people in Hainan were soldiers who went from Guangxi in the16th century.

Miao nationality-etiquette

Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.

Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng".

Miao nationality-festival

Stepping on Huashan Mountain is a grand traditional festival of Miao people in China, which is usually held on the first, third and sixth day of the first lunar month. In all counties where Miao people live, flower poles will be erected these days and a grand stepping on Huashan Mountain will be held. This is not only a good opportunity for young Miao men and women to fall in love, but also an important place for Miao people to carry out cultural and recreational activities. Miao people, old and young, dressed in gold and silver, rushed to the foot of the flower pole from all directions, playing reeds, playing tricks, bullfighting, wrestling, playing thrush and climbing the flower pole.

Back-pounding Festival is very popular in some areas of Funing County. It is held from the third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. This is a festival for young Miao men and women. During the festival, young men and women gather on the scenic hillside. When the back-beating began, men flocked out and rushed to the girl they chose, with one hand around the girl's neck, the other hand covering her eyes, and other boys hitting her on the back. Not to be outdone, the girl struggled with a smile. Break free >>

What are the taboos of Miao nationality? Maternity taboo: pregnant women give birth and avoid outsiders. The wrong person should wash his feet and drink a bowl of cold water to prevent his mother's milk from being trampled dry. Maternal avoid eating old beef, pork, pheasant, small fish, vegetables, peppers and so on. In some Miao areas, it is forbidden for pregnant women to meet pregnant women or go to other delivery rooms, otherwise the delivery period will be prolonged.

Farming taboo: Miao people send manure back to the fields for the first time every year, and it is forbidden to meet outsiders. If they meet, they are forbidden to say hello. When planting seedlings, if you see fish in the Miao Di, don't say fish, or the fish will eat the roots of the seedlings. When some villages harvest millet, the ears are small and they are not harvested. If the child asks, don't say no, just say it hasn't grown up, otherwise Xiaomi will refuse to grow any longer because of his sadness. Don't mention mice in Tanaka, for fear of hearing mice come to destroy crops, you can only call them father and son. Avoid May Day. After the first month in beginning of spring, avoid breaking ground and carrying water on May Day.

Funeral taboo: In some Miao areas, male death is forbidden during the day and female death is forbidden at night. Think that the time is wrong, the deceased must be accompanied by another opposite sex. Therefore, he was unwell when he died. When he lost his family, he often asked the wizard to recite the spell and change it. At the same time, he made a palm-sized wooden coffin to be buried with him, indicating that he had a companion. Avoid putting non-silver metals such as iron and copper, cotton and things coated with tung oil in the coffin, thinking that the deceased can't buy water to drink on the way back to the East, and iron and copper will toss talents to death. In some Miao areas, on the Day of the Dead in the village, you can go to work, but don't go to work in the fields. On that day, people in the same village should avoid collecting firewood and go home, otherwise the firewood collectors will have disaster. During the suspension of classes, family members are forbidden to eat vegetables. After burial 1 month, nothing in the family can be sold or borrowed.

Taboo of living customs: In some Miao areas, it is forbidden to wash and drink rice retort, rice bag and rice basin at any time, only when eating new rice, to show that the old rice is removed and the new rice is welcomed. Washing at any time will wash away the family wealth and there is not enough food. Drinking raw water in the mountains should not be directly drunk. You must mark the grass first to show that you are killing sick ghosts. Don't touch other people's clothes on the roadside, so as not to catch leprosy. Avoid children playing with small bows and arrows at home for fear of shooting their ancestors. Avoid crossing the child's head, or the child will not grow tall. It is forbidden for women to sit on a bench with their elders.

Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng". It is forbidden to kill and beat dogs and not to eat dog meat; You can't sit in the Miao ancestral hall, and you can't step on the tripod on the kang with your feet; Do not whistle at home or at night; Can't shoot ash and eat chaff baked by fire; No bound Miao people are allowed to be used when frolicking; Don't enter the house when straw hats, branches or wedding and funeral ceremonies are hung on the door; Lu Yu is newly married, so don't wait in the middle.

What etiquette taboo friends do Miao people have? When you visit the Miao family, the host will kill the chickens and ducks and treat them warmly. If you come from afar, some places have to put wine in front of the village to welcome you. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing the heart of a chicken. When the oldest host in the family put a chicken heart or duck heart for you with chopsticks, you can't eat it yourself. You must divide a chicken heart equally among the old people present. Some places also offer "Horn Wine" and "Cockcomb Meat". If you accept them one by one, the host will be very happy. If you drink a little and don't like fat meat, you can explain the situation. The owner is reluctant to save, but he is not enough to eat and drink, which is regarded as looking down on the owner. If you attend the Miao wedding, remember to sprain your leg and foot on the way, otherwise it will be considered unlucky; Within one month after the Miao family died and was buried, their families could not get married, nor could they sing or play lusheng. In some places, it is not allowed to kill chickens, let alone eat dog meat. It is forbidden to dig and cut down ancient trees around the village; Men and women of the same generation are equal brothers and sisters, and it is forbidden to call them "brother-in-law" or "brother-in-law".

What are the customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution. Miao nationality in western Hunan is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.

First, clothing.

There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.

Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting.

Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very delicate and complicated.

Toupa: Toupa of Miao women varies from place to place. Miao women in Fenghuang County have a short handkerchief more than three feet long. From the forehead to the back of the head, even the ears are wrapped inside. Miao women in Huayuan and other counties like to use black handkerchiefs (wearing white handkerchief to prevent their parents from dying), which are neatly folded, neatly wrapped, unbiased and oblique, and tied at the end just right. Miao women in Jishou county have mixed hair, while flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Fenghuang county and black flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Huayuan county. Miao women in Luxi, Guzhang and eastern Jishou wear white headscarves. The handkerchief is embroidered with four pairs of cyan Hua Die, which is simple, beautiful and unique. The so-called "four-corner, four-corner embroidered moth" refers to this kind of white handkerchief.

Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shape, a wide range. According to the raw materials, there are gold ornaments, silver ornaments, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments and jade ornaments. And silver ornaments are the most common. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver basin, rockhopper, Sushan earrings, collars, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, belt buckles, etc. And bracelets and rings must be worn often. From the modeling point of view, there is only one kind of earrings, including melon seeds hanging earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom hanging melon seeds hanging earrings, rake earrings, faucet melon seeds hanging earrings and so on.

Clothes and others: Miao women's clothes, long waist, big sleeves and short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are about a foot or longer. On the chest and cuffs, it is customary to roll, embroider or wear yarn, and add railing petals. Some also need to embroider cloud-digging hooks on the front and back edges of the fork and swing. Clothing styles are full-breasted, without double-breasted. It takes dozens of working days to make a set of Miao women's underwear, which is beautifully made through sewing and embroidery. The pants are shorter and the legs are bigger. The number of piping, embroidery or yarn on the edge of trousers is the same as that of clothes. The dress is long and wide, with embroidered lines covered with waste edges, rolling railings and large and small petals, which are colorful and dazzling. The shoes are full of embroidery, with a big head and a big mouth, and the back is wearing ears.

After liberation, in some areas where Miao and Han people lived together, Miao costumes were greatly influenced by Han people, and some young people also changed into Hanfu.

Second, festivals and celebrations

There are many festivals and large-scale activities for Miao people in Xiangxi. Among them, the most representative are:

1. Catch up with last year. On the first month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Xiangxi are most keen to catch up with the New Year's Fair, and the date is decided by each place. On that day, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, invited each other and chased them in droves. The annual market is full of people, bustling and lively. People can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns and climbing ladders. Young men and women also make more use of this opportunity to find lovers and have sex. What's more, the singers show their abilities, and walk in twos and threes, saying the ancient and modern, singing together, or congratulating each other, or telling traditional stories, or improvising new words. The more people sing, the higher their interest, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it is snowing heavily and freezing, the annual trade fair will be held as scheduled.

2. March 3rd. This is Xiangxi Miao nationality >>

What is the most taboo for Miao women? Label: Strange Custom Miao People Taboo Snake Meat Jade Emperor Xiangxi Miscellaneous Talk Classification: Jinjiang Folk Custom Xiangxi Miao People's most taboo strange custom-"life taboo" Miao compatriots live in remote mountainous areas, and the transportation is inconvenient. Due to the lack of communication with the outside world, many folk customs and events of this nation have been left over from ancient times to the present, forming a strange custom different from other places. There are undoubtedly two reasons for the formation of a folk custom: one is that things that are beneficial to the human body and healthy after implementation, or beneficial to the nation before, are accepted by the nation and form a custom; The other is bad, unhealthy, harmful to the human body after implementation, or harmful to the nation before, rejected by the nation, and easy to form customs. In order to distinguish, people call the former "custom" and the latter "taboo". Taboos are things, words and deeds that warn people to avoid and not to implement in daily life and production, so as to reduce unnecessary harm and danger. Now the Miao folk taboos in southwest Hunan are briefly described as follows. 1. Food that falls to the ground, such as rice. It is forbidden to step on it with your feet. It is considered that stepping on food with your feet is a sign of not cherishing food, which will anger Thor and be struck by lightning. As the saying goes, "the sky thunders." Don't step on the remaining leaves when you eat Zongba, or you will get a dark rash. When the bride eats the ceremony meal, the stool she sits on is forbidden to move. Otherwise, it will be considered that the bride has two hearts and doesn't want to grow old together. 3. Salt taboo is taken from others. If you go to the store to buy salt, the salesman puts the salt on the counter and the buyer can get the salt. If you accept other people's salt, it is called "accepting words", thinking that you will scold and quarrel in the future. 4. The dishes of the wedding banquet should be even, that is, four dishes, four bowls, eight bowls, eight bowls or twelve bowls, and avoid being singular. Otherwise, the newlyweds will divorce and the good life will not last long. You need to sip medicine when you are sick on holidays. Don't say "sipping medicine", it should be called "drinking tea water". Especially at the end of the twelfth month and the beginning of the first month, it is especially taboo. 6. Not husband and wife or brother and sister relationship, generally avoid men and women; Otherwise, it is called "men and women don't kiss", others will gossip, and sometimes they will be insulted and beaten. 7. When eating at a wedding banquet, don't take a sip of wine and a bite of rice. Wait until the same table finishes drinking, and everyone will eat together. Otherwise, it is called "rudeness" and "rudeness". 8. When eating, be sure to put the food away and put it on the table for half a minute or a minute before eating; Otherwise, it is called "disloyalty and unfilial". 9. Dog meat and tuanyu should not be cooked. Because dog meat and tuanyu are disgusting things, cooking them on the stove will offend the kitchen god. 10. When drinking rice, don't knock your rice bowl with chopsticks. It is said that knocking on the rice bowl will knock off the clothes, poor. It is forbidden to change bowls halfway, or women will remarry and men will remarry. 1 1. Snake meat is not allowed in the kitchen. If the snake meat is taken to the kitchen for cooking, the "pond coal" will fall into the snake meat, and it will be poisoned after drinking it. 12. Never point at others' backs when sipping rice; Otherwise it will be considered impolite to others. There is also a saying that that person will have "back flowers" (carbuncle) 13. Go out, don't raise a glass or drink. A few drops of wine must be ordered first to commemorate the ancestors of both sides. 14. When you go to someone else's house for dinner, don't sip the rice from the master. Because the rice crust is "Mimu", it is also called "Migen". If guests sip rice crust, it is disrespectful to the host, who is most dissatisfied and afraid of making the family poor. 15. Weighing meat (buying meat) is the most taboo in rural areas. Because three catties and six liang is the weight of the meat used to "fight Persia". If it weighs three catties and six ounces, it means that the family will suffer, or get sick, or lose money, or there is no harvest in agriculture and animal husbandry. 16. Unmarried women should not grin in crowded places. Commonly known as "smile without showing your teeth." 17. Avoid carrying empty buckets or dung buckets into the house. Before entering the house, be sure to put down the buckets and dung buckets you picked and carry them into the house. Otherwise, it is unfavorable. 18. Children who are not under the age limit should avoid eating soft-preserved eggs taken from the stomachs of killed chickens and ducks; Otherwise, you will be confused when you grow up (dialect: mental retardation). 19. Avoid bringing white headscarves to other people's homes in rural areas; Otherwise, the family will think that the white headscarf is unlucky and will hate you. 20. Family members should avoid eating a pear alone (that is, dividing pears); Otherwise there will be separation in the future. 2 1. Put down the word paper (paper with words written on it) and avoid stepping on it with your feet. It is said that stepping on it will blind you. 22. Men should avoid getting under women's clothes in the cold sun; If you drill through it, it will go backwards. 23. When you go to someone else's house, the owner's dog is fierce and bites you. You can only stop or ask the owner to take care of the dog, not fight; Otherwise, this is called beating the dog to bully the master, and the master's family will be angry. 24. There is a patient at home with a small red flag at the door. No one is allowed to go to his house, so as not to bring ... >>

Miao people's living customs

It is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; Can't move the tripod of the fireplace, can't push the fire; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk.

What are the folk customs of Miao nationality? Culture and art

There are many kinds of Miao people, mainly three kinds: one is the brocade edge for clothes and busts, which is called "ploughing" in Miao language. two

It's a brocade belt, 2-3 cm wide, which is used to make belts for pants, bags and suspenders. When young men and women fall in love, girls often take care of themselves.

Brocade for Brother Qing. The third is brocade, which is called "Lun" in Miao language. Brocade is mostly used as back, strap pocket, etc.

Batik is also a famous traditional craft of Miao nationality. The patterns dyed by Miao nationality are the genius creation of Miao women and their gifts.

The reflection of real life represents their good wishes and pursuit of life. In Miao's view, batik art is beautiful.

Symbols, as well as expressions of love, should not only be carried forward by themselves, but also be willing to teach others. Batik art spread across the ocean.

Maybe this is the reason for going abroad.

Lusheng is the most important traditional musical instrument of Miao, Yao and Dong, among which Miao is the most used. Miao nationality is very important.

Traditional festivals also have to play lusheng, accompanied by dance, which is huge and magnificent, and therefore enjoys a good reputation among all ethnic groups.

folk custom

Miao people have their own traditional festivals, such as Miao Year, Drum Festival and Lusheng Festival. But they are the most ambitious and content-oriented.

Wealth is the year of Miao.

The time to celebrate the Year of Miao varies from place to place. The Miao year in Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng areas is generally in November of the lunar calendar.

The Miao Year in Rihai is grand and warm. Besides ancestor worship and feasting, various activities will be held. When the new year comes, the whole family will keep the old age. eat

After the "over-the-land meal" (a reunion dinner that Miao people and their ancestors ate in the underworld), people began to celebrate the New Year with various activities.

Activities. Offering sacrifices to Longtan, Tian Shen and blowing sheng for dancing is the most grand scene in the Year of Miao. Pray for a bumper harvest, yes.

A major theme of Miao Year activities.

During the Miao New Year, there are all kinds of foods, such as rice, glutinous rice cakes, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish) and so on.

There is a special food called "Chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, which can stimulate appetite, keep out the wind and cold, and prevent colds. It is a seedling.

Standing food at home is also a good treat for guests.

Pay attention to what you know when you go to seedlings, but not much. The most common blind date program of Miao tourism is very scary, and it is estimated that it will cost a lot of money to get the bride. There is also Xia Zhi, a popular Miao nationality, which is unimaginable. Have a nice trip!