Psychological phenomena in life

Several psychological effects in daily life

Placebo effect The so-called placebo refers to a drug-like preparation composed of neutral substances that have neither curative effect nor toxic and side effects.

Placebo is mostly composed of inert substances such as glucose and starch, and has no pharmacological effect. Placebo can have a good positive response to those patients who are eager for treatment and have full trust in medical staff, and have the expected efficacy. This reaction is called the placebo effect.

People who are prone to corresponding psychological and physiological reactions when using placebos are called "placebos responders". These people are characterized by being sociable, dependent, suggestible, lacking in self-confidence, and often paying attention to various physiological changes and discomforts, hypochondriasis and nervousness.

Barnum effect (suggestive effect) My friend once asked me, what is the most difficult thing in the world? I said it was the hardest to make money, and he shook his head.

Goldbach conjecture? He shook his head again. I say I give up, you tell me.

He said mysteriously that he knew himself. Indeed, those thoughtful philosophers also say so.

Who am I, where am I from and where am I going? People began to ask themselves these questions from ancient Greece, but they didn't get satisfactory results. However, even so, people never stop pursuing themselves.

Because of this, people often lose themselves and are easily hinted by the information around them, and take other people's words and deeds as a reference for their actions. Conformity psychology is a typical proof. In fact, people are influenced and hinted by others all the time in their lives.

For example, on the bus, you will find this phenomenon: a person yawns with his mouth wide open, and several people around him can't help yawning. Some people don't yawn because there is no suggestion.

Who are easily influenced? This can be checked by a simple test. Let people reach out their hands horizontally, palms up and close their eyes.

Tell him that now he has a hydrogen balloon tied to his left hand, which has been floating upwards; He tied a big stone to his right hand and fell down. Three minutes later, look at the gap between his hands. The greater the distance, the stronger the hint.

Knowing oneself, psychologically called self-perception, is a process in which individuals know themselves. In this process, people are more likely to be hinted by external information, which leads to the deviation of self-perception.

In daily life, it is impossible for people to reflect on themselves all the time, and it is impossible to observe themselves as outsiders all the time. Because of this, individuals use external information to know themselves.

Individuals are easily hinted by external information when they know themselves, so they often can't perceive themselves correctly. Psychological research reveals that it is easy for people to believe that a general and general personality description is particularly suitable for them.

Even though this description is empty, he still thinks it reflects his personality. There was once a psychologist who used a common sentence that was suitable for almost anyone to let college students judge whether it was suitable for them. Results Most college students think that this sentence describes themselves in detail and accurately.

The following paragraph is the material of psychologists. Do you think it suits you too? You really need others to like and respect you. You tend to criticize yourself.

You have many abilities that can be your strengths, but you also have some shortcomings, but you can usually overcome them. You have a little difficulty getting along with others. Although you look calm on the outside, in fact, you are anxious on the inside.

You sometimes doubt whether the decision you made or the thing you did was correct. You like some changes in your life and hate being limited.

You are proud of being able to think independently, and you won't accept other people's suggestions without sufficient evidence. You think it unwise to expose yourself too much in front of others.

Sometimes you are outgoing, kind and sociable, and sometimes you are introverted, cautious and silent. Some of your ambitions are often unrealistic.

This is actually a hat suitable for anyone's head. A famous technician named Shoman barnum commented on his performance, saying that he was very popular, because the program contained ingredients that everyone liked, so he made "people get cheated every minute".

People often think that a generalization and general description of personality reveals their own characteristics very accurately, which is called "Barnum effect" in psychology. After giving a group of people the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Questionnaire (MMPI), a psychologist showed the participants two results and asked them to decide which one was their own.

In fact, one is the result of the participants themselves and the other is the average result of most people's answers. Participants actually thought that the latter expressed their personality characteristics more accurately.

Barnum effect is very common in life. Take fortune telling as an example. After consulting fortune tellers, many people think that what fortune tellers say is "very accurate".

In fact, those who turn to fortune tellers are easily influenced. When people are depressed, they lose control of their lives, so their sense of security is also affected.

An insecure person's psychological dependence is also greatly enhanced, and the suggestibility is stronger than usual. In addition, fortune tellers are good at trying to figure out people's inner feelings and can understand the feelings of help seekers a little, and help seekers will immediately feel a kind of spiritual comfort.

Next, the fortune teller will say a general and harmless word to convince the helper of the conformity effect. There is an idiom that three people make a tiger, which means that three people lie that there is a tiger in the market, and the listener will believe it. The psychological tendency of people to accept the opinions or behaviors that most people agree with without analysis in social groups is called conformity effect.

The enlightenment of this effect is: class teachers should be good at playing the positive role of conformity effect, first of all, they should consciously publicize it in a big way through class meetings, blackboard newspapers and other public opinion positions; Secondly, do a good job in building grassroots teams such as class cadres and activists to form a strong fortress. It is necessary to find out the bad tendencies in the class in time, prescribe the right medicine, curb them in the bud and prevent the negative influence of conformity effect. Conformity effect refers to the phenomenon that when the individual's views and behaviors are inconsistent with those of the majority in group activities, the individual gives up his own views and behaviors and shows the same views and behaviors as the majority in the group.

Conformity is what we call "following the crowd" every day. The factors that promote a person's conformity behavior in cooperation are.

Explain the psychological phenomenon in daily life. About 2000 words.

Phenomenon 1: "broken window theory" This is an interesting phenomenon in life. Some people call it "broken window theory". When a row of intact glass windows is damaged and one window is not repaired in time, other intact glass windows will be damaged one after another, and finally this row of intact glass windows will become broken window walls.

When your first classmate inadvertently sends out a mobile phone without being scolded or stopped by the teacher, other students default that the teacher will not blame or stop the behavior, and at the same time, because the behavior can make others laugh and bring some satisfaction, they will follow suit. PSYTOPIC suggested that if you want to stop a phenomenon, you should stop it or punish it when it first appears.

Phenomenon 2: the "influence" trap This is the application of influence including "reciprocity", "high-level authority" and "reasoning". 1. Put my bag at the door, make a wish in front of the Buddha, listen to Master's voice, bow down devoutly, and let me close my eyes: form a sense of authority that the Buddha land is a holy place, and "they" are "Buddhists". 2. Send two free incense sticks, recite the scriptures for me, and write down your wishes in the amulet and merit book, so that Master can pray for me devoutly every day: to remove resistance and rejection. Let the parties feel "owed". 3. Fill in sesame oil, public funds and be independent. Under the above two conditions, the master's truth is natural. PSYTOPIC suggests that it is easy to escape when encountering such events. If you accidentally fall into it, since others have already paid for the service, it is also appropriate to pay a little money; If you measure too much, it depends on your improvisation.

Phenomenon 3: How to improve learning efficiency? It's a matter of lifestyle. After running 1000 meters, do you feel overwhelmed to participate in the sprint race of1000 meters? It is difficult to play the best level without rest.

The same is true of learning. There are many factors that affect efficiency, among which time and willingness are more important.

The longer the time, the lower the efficiency, the weaker the will and the lower the efficiency. PSYTOPIC suggested that in order to improve efficiency, we might as well shorten the learning period and improve the individual's willingness to learn.

Generally speaking, the concentration time of adolescence is 40 minutes to 45 minutes, which is also the usual classroom setting time. It's hard to stay focused every once in a while. What we need to do at this time is to "put it down" and rest for 15 minutes before continuing. Encyclopedia of Psychology: The best way to persuade others or make embarrassing demands on 1 law is for several people to put pressure on each other at the same time.

So how many people does it take to get the other side to seek common ground? Previous experimental results show that the number of people who can trigger synchronization behavior is at least 3~4. When two people speak the same language to induce someone to seek common ground, almost no one will make the wrong choice.

If the number of people increases to three, the rate of seeking common ground will rise rapidly. The best effect is that four out of five people agree.

The number of people increased to 8 or 15, and the rate of seeking common ground remained almost unchanged. However, this persuasion method is greatly restricted by the environment, and it is difficult to play a role in one-on-one negotiation or when there are many people on the other side.

When the other party is a person, two supporters can be invited to participate in the negotiation in advance, and the other party can be induced to seek common ground by exchanging views at the negotiation table. This phenomenon can often be seen in card games.

Card games are usually played by four people. If the time is ripe, some people will suggest raising the amount of gambling or introducing new rules, while others will raise objections. At this time, if two other people can be brought in and three people can deal with one person together, then the rest will change their views because they are outnumbered and be persuaded by the majority. Napoleon, the defeated man of Klebitz, once said, "Victory lies in sufficient troops."

From this perspective, the principle of "more wins than less" should be a law that existed before Kleujibitz. In today's society, people's psychology is changing to varying degrees, and their desires are random.

Psychological tests show that the following pictures are related to everyone's psychological endurance. The stronger the psychological endurance, the slower the picture turns. The United States used this as a psychological test for criminal suspects. What he sees is a high-speed rotation, while what most old people and children see is a still picture.

Please measure yourself. See how much your psychological endurance is, so that you can better adjust your mentality.

Psychology 166 Phenomenon: Long Knowledge 1 Archimedes and Brewing Effect In ancient Greece, the king made a crown out of pure gold, but he suspected that craftsmen had mixed silver in Wang Guanzhong. But the problem is that this crown is as heavy as when it was given to the goldsmith. No one knows whether the goldsmith is playing tricks.

The king handed this difficult problem to Archimedes. Archimedes racked his brains to solve this problem. At first, he tried many ideas, but all failed.

One day, when he went to take a bath, he sat in the bathtub, so that he could see the water overflowing and feel his body being gently lifted. He suddenly realized that he had solved the problem by using the principle of buoyancy. Whether scientists or ordinary people, in the process of solving problems, they will find the phenomenon of "putting the difficult problem aside for a while and getting a satisfactory answer".

Psychologists call it the "brewing effect". Archimedes found that the law of buoyancy is a classic story of brewing effect.

In daily life, we often feel helpless about a difficult problem and don't know where to start. At this point, thinking has entered the "brewing stage". Until one day, when we put aside the immediate problem and do other things, the inexplicable answer suddenly appeared in front of us, which made us exclaim like Archimedes. At this time, the "brewing effect" opened the "flower of thinking" and produced the "fruit of the answer".

The ancient poem says that "there is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and there is another village in the dark", which is a portrayal of this psychology. Psychologists believe that in the brewing process, there is potential conscious reasoning, subconsciously combining the relevant information stored in memory. The reason why people suddenly find the answer at rest is because individuals have eliminated the psychological tension in the early stage, forgotten the incorrect thinking that led to the deadlock, and have a creative mentality.

So, if you are in trouble.

Illustrate psychological phenomena in life with examples.

The more fearful things are, the more likely they are to happen. I have a mobile phone I just bought in my pocket. I'm afraid of being stolen on the bus. Every once in a while, I will check to see if my mobile phone is still there.

This move caught the attention of thieves, and eventually the mobile phone was stolen. It's only because I'm afraid that I care. The more you concentrate, the more likely you are to make mistakes.

This is the famous Murphy theorem. Psychological common sense: The original newspaper of 1 in the Babel Law has become 10 yuan, which you will find unacceptable; Comparatively speaking, the original 5000-yuan computer has gone up by 50 yuan, so you won't have such a big reaction.

Babel's law shows that when a person experiences a strong * * *, what he gives afterwards becomes insignificant to him. Do you realize that? Psychologically speaking, most people will only lose their temper with people with a safe level because they are within that safe level.

Your subconscious knows that the other person will not leave you. Sometimes fooling around is a dependence.

Illustrate psychological phenomena in life with examples.

The more fearful things are, the more likely they are to happen. I have a mobile phone I just bought in my pocket. I'm afraid of being stolen on the bus. Every once in a while, I will check to see if my mobile phone is still there. This move caught the attention of thieves, and eventually the mobile phone was stolen. It's only because I'm afraid that I care. The more you concentrate, the more likely you are to make mistakes. This is the famous Murphy theorem.

Psychological common sense: The original newspaper of 1 in the Babel Law has become 10 yuan, which you will find unacceptable; Comparatively speaking, the original 5000-yuan computer has gone up by 50 yuan, so you won't have such a big reaction. Babel's law shows that when a person experiences a strong * * *, what he gives afterwards becomes insignificant to him. Do you realize that?

Psychologically speaking, most people will only lose their temper with people with a safe level because they are within that safe level. Your subconscious knows that the other person will not leave you. Sometimes fooling around is a dependence.

What psychological phenomena do people have in real life?

1 first cause effect

In other words, people's impressions based on the initial information are not easy to change, and even affect the interpretation of new information obtained later.

2. recency effect

Refers to the impression that the perceived object has recently left in the process of interpersonal communication.

3. Halo effect

Also known as halo effect. Refers to the tendency to deviate from others' intuition. When a person likes some main qualities of another person, he will think that everything is fine, and this person will be shrouded in a positive aura. Instead, it was endowed with other bad qualities.

4. Stereotype effect

The psychological phenomenon of people's fixed impression of a certain kind of people in their minds is called stereotype effect.

5. Herd effect (also known as herd effect)

It means that individuals adjust and change themselves under the influence of groups and become more similar to others.

6. Hint effect

It refers to influencing people's psychology and behavior through indirect methods of implicit and abstract induction without confrontation, so as to induce people to act or accept some opinions in a certain way and make their thoughts and behaviors meet the expected goals of the suggestor.

7. Celebrity effect

The phenomenon of believing in and blindly following the hints of celebrities is called celebrity effect. That is to say, when two people communicate, if they first show the same attitude and values as the other person, they will make the other person feel that you are more similar to him, so as to quickly narrow their psychological distance from you, and they are more willing to be close to you and form good interpersonal relationships. Here, the attitude and opinions expressed to each other consciously and purposefully are like a business card to introduce you to each other.

8. Role effect:

In real life, people participate in activities with different social roles, and this psychological or behavioral change caused by different roles is called role effect.

9, reward and punishment effect:

Reward and punishment is an external means to strengthen or weaken students' behavior. By influencing students' own evaluation, it can have a significant impact on students' psychology. The strengthening or weakening of behavior brought by rewards and punishments is called reward and punishment effect.

What are the common psychological phenomena in life?

1, the theory of broken window effect holds that if the bad phenomena in the environment are left unchecked, people will be induced to follow the trend, and even become more and more serious.

Take a building with several broken windows as an example. If these windows are not repaired, there may be vandals destroying more windows. In the end, they will even break into the building. If they find that no one lives there, they may settle or set fire there.

A wall, if there is some graffiti that is not cleaned up, will soon be covered with messy and unsightly things; There are some scraps of paper on a sidewalk, and soon there will be more rubbish. Eventually people will take it for granted and throw it on the ground. This phenomenon is the broken window effect in criminal psychology.

2. Halo effect Halo effect, also known as "halo effect", belongs to the category of psychology. It means that when a cognitive has formed a good or bad impression on one characteristic of a person, he tends to infer other characteristics of the person. Essentially, it is a cognitive error of generalizing.

Halo effect is increasingly applied to enterprise management, and its negative impact on organizational management is mainly reflected in various organizational decisions. 3. Hawthorne effect The so-called Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency of individuals to change their behavior when they realize that they are being observed by others.

A demanding feature in psychology. In the 1920s-1930s, American researchers discovered the experimenter effect, called Hawthorne effect, in the experiment on the relationship among working conditions, social factors and production benefits in Hawthorne factory of Chicago West Electric Power Company.

For example, let employees vent their dissatisfaction; An improvement in performance or effort due to extra attention. The basic condition of Hawthorne effect is that important working environment attributes can be captured in large quantities without hidden or obscure information.

4. Pygmalion Effect and pygmalion effect also translated it as "Bimalone effect", "Bimalone effect" or "expectation effect", which was verified by famous American psychologists Rosenthal and Jacobson in primary school teaching. It is pointed out that in essence, people's emotions and thoughts will be influenced by others' subconscious to varying degrees.

People will unconsciously accept the influence and hints of people they like, admire, trust and appreciate. 5. False consensus deviation, also known as false consistency deviation, means that people often overestimate or exaggerate the universality of their beliefs, judgments and behaviors. It is a way for people to firmly believe and judge correctly.

When faced with contradictory information, this deviation makes people stick to their social perception. People always give their own characteristics to others when they know others, assuming that they are the same as others, such as being suspicious and feeling suspicious of others; I am sociable and I think others are sociable.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Broken Window Effect Baidu Encyclopedia-Halo Effect Baidu Encyclopedia-Hawthorne Effect Baidu Encyclopedia-pygmalion effect Baidu Encyclopedia-False Empathy Deviation.

What psychological phenomena are there in life?

1. sour grape effect

When you feel depressed because your real needs are not met, in order to alleviate your inner anxiety, make up some "reasons" to comfort yourself, so as to eliminate tension, relieve stress, free yourself from negative psychological states such as dissatisfaction and anxiety, and protect yourself from harm.

Revelation: Everything has advantages and disadvantages. As long as it plays the role of relieving psychological pressure and balancing psychology, it has its practical significance, that is, "rationalizing" the sour grape effect.

Of course, we can't stay here forever. We should take active measures to solve this problem.

2. Flywheel effect

In order to make the stationary flywheel turn, you must first make great efforts to push it round and round. After reaching a certain critical point, the gravity and impulse of the flywheel will become a part of the driving force. At this time, you don't need to spend more effort, and the flywheel will still rotate rapidly.

Enlightenment: People will go through this process when they enter a new or unfamiliar field. If you want to make the flywheel spin without too much effort, the condition is that you have enough persistence, which also means that you have to take enough time to ensure it.

What are the common psychological phenomena in life?

Psychological effect one: the ultra-limit effect Mark Twain, a famous American writer, once listened to a priest's speech in church.

At first, he felt that the pastor spoke very well and made people move, so he prepared to donate money. 10 minutes later, before the priest finished speaking, he got a little impatient and decided to donate only some small change.

After another 10 minute, the priest hasn't finished yet and decided not to donate 1 minute. When the priest finally finished his long speech and began to raise money, Mark Twain got angry. Instead of donating money, he stole money from 2 yuan.

This psychological phenomenon caused by too much, too strong and too long is called "overrun effect". Overlimit effect often appears in family education.

For example, if a child makes a mistake, parents will repeatedly criticize the same thing once, twice, three times or even four or five times, which will make the child from guilt to impatience and even disgust. If you are "forced", you will have the rebellious psychology and behavior of "I insist on this".

It can be seen that the mother's criticism of the child should not exceed the limit, and she should "make a mistake and criticize only once". If you have to criticize again, don't simply repeat it. We should put it another way.

In this way, children will not feel that the same mistake has been "caught", and boredom and rebellious psychology will be reduced. Psychological effect 2: Rosenthal effect Rosenthal, a famous American psychologist, once did an experiment: he randomly divided a group of mice into group A and group B, and told the breeder of group A that this group of mice was very smart; At the same time, he told the breeder of group B that the mice in his group had average intelligence.

A few months later, the professor tested two groups of mice crossing the maze, and found that the mice in group A were actually smarter than those in group B. They could get out of the maze first and find food. So Professor Rosenthal was inspired. He wants to know whether this effect will also happen to people. He came to an ordinary middle school, walked casually in a class, and then circled a few names on the list of students, telling their teachers that these students had high IQ and were very smart.

After a while, the professor came to this middle school again, and the miracle happened again. The students he chose have really become the best in the class now. Why is this happening? It is the magic of "hint" at work.

Everyone will accept psychological hints in one way or another in life, some of which are positive and some are negative. Mother is the child's favorite, most trusted and most dependent person, and also the person who gives psychological hints.

If it is a long-term negative and bad psychological suggestion, it will affect the child's mood and even seriously affect the child's mental health. On the contrary, if a mother places high hopes on her child, gives positive affirmation, moistens her child's heart through expectant eyes, approving smiles and encouraging words, and makes her child more self-respecting, self-loving, self-confident and self-reliant, then how high your expectations are, how great your child's future achievements will be! Psychological effect 3: barrel effect "barrel" effect means that the water in a barrel with uneven bottle mouth is not the longest board on the barrel, but the shortest board on the barrel.

Children's comprehensive academic performance is like a vat, and each academic performance is an indispensable plank that constitutes this vat. The stable formation of children's good academic performance cannot rely on the outstanding achievements of a certain subject, but should rely on its overall situation, especially some weak links.

Therefore, when children are found to have shortcomings in certain subjects, they should be reminded to spend more time on this subject in time to "learn from each other's strengths". Psychological Effect 4: Desi Effect Psychologist Desi once told such a fable: A group of children frolic in front of an old man, screaming all over the sky.

A few days passed, and the old man couldn't bear it. So he came out to give each child 10 cents and said to them, "You have made this place very lively. I feel much younger. I am grateful for this little money. "

The children were very happy and came the next day, playing as usual. The old man came out again and gave each child 5 cents.

Five cents is not bad, but the child left happily. On the third day, the old man only gave each child 2 cents, and the children flew into a rage. "Only 2 cents a day, do you know how hard we work!" "They swore to the old man that they would never play for him again! In this fable, the old man's method is simple. He changed the children's intrinsic motivation of "playing for their own happiness" into the external motivation of "playing for points". He manipulated the external factors of points, so he also manipulated the children's behavior.

Desi effect appears from time to time in life. For example, parents often say to their children, "If you score 100 this time, you will be rewarded with 100 yuan" and "If you can get into the top five, you will be rewarded with a new toy" and so on.

Parents may not have thought that it is this improper reward mechanism that reduces children's interest in learning little by little. In learning, parents should guide their children to set up lofty ideals, enhance their emotions and interests in learning, increase the motivation of learning itself, and help children reap the fun of learning.

Parents' rewards can be things that are helpful for learning, such as books and learning tools, while some rewards that have nothing to do with learning are best not. Psychological effect 5: the south wind effect, also known as the "warmth" effect, originated from a fable written by French writer La Fontaine: See who is more powerful in the north wind and the south wind, and see who can take off the coat on pedestrians.

The north wind came first with a cold wind, biting cold. As a result, pedestrians wrapped their coats tightly to resist the invasion of the north wind. The south wind blows slowly, and the sun shines suddenly. Pedestrians feel that spring warms their upper body, so they unbutton their buttons first and then take off their coats. Nanfeng won.

The reason why the south wind can achieve the purpose in the story is that it meets people's internal needs. This psychological reaction to stimulate self-reflection and meet self-needs is the "South Wind Effect".

Therefore, it is not appropriate to adopt "north wind" education methods such as "stick" and "intimidation" in family education. Implement warm education, pay more attention to the praise of "kindness of human nature", and cultivate children's self-awareness and talent.