Chapter 9 How to Express Arithmetic 1 ~ 9

The expressions of arithmetic 1 ~ 9 in Chapter 9 are one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine.

Nine Chapters Arithmetic is a mathematical monograph written by Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in ancient China. It is the most important of the ten computing classics, written about the first century A.D., and its author can no longer be examined. It is generally believed that it has gradually become the final version after several generations of supplement and modification. Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in the Western Han Dynasty had been supplemented and sorted out, and they were generally finalized at that time.

The last book was in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, and most of them were Notes to Nine Chapters written by Wei Yuan, Jing Yuan and Liu Hui in the Three Kingdoms Period (263).

"Nine Chapters Arithmetic" is very rich in content and summarizes the mathematical achievements in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. At the same time, Nine Chapters Arithmetic has its unique achievements in mathematics. It not only mentioned the problem of score at the earliest, but also recorded the problem of surplus and deficiency at the earliest. Zhang Equation also expounded the negative number and its addition and subtraction algorithm for the first time in the history of world mathematics. It is a comprehensive historical work and the most concise and effective applied mathematics in the world at that time. Its appearance marks the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.

Nine Chapters Arithmetic is a mathematical monograph in ancient China, and it is the most important one among the "Ten Arithmetic Classics" (ten ancient arithmetic books that appeared between Han and Tang Dynasties). Liu Hui commented on "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" in Wei and Jin Dynasties, saying: "The Duke of Zhou made a ceremony, and there were nine numbers, while nine chapters were a ceremony." He also said, "Zhang Cang, Hou Peiping in Han Dynasty, and Geng Shouchang, a senior farmer, all made good use of fortune telling. Because of the remnants of old texts, Cang and others each called it deletion and supplement, so the purpose of the school is different from ancient times or today, and the theory is closer. "

According to textual research, Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang in the Western Han Dynasty have made supplements. The final edition was written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, but its basic content was basically finalized in the late Western Han Dynasty.