What is the full set of marriage customs of Lao Tianjinwei?

There are too many contents in Lao Tianjinwei's full set of marriage customs. Here, I will explain the wedding ceremony.

Wedding is the most lively ceremony in marriage customs, which is equivalent to the "welcoming" in the ancient "six rituals". The preparations for the wedding are quite complicated. In addition to hanging sedan chairs, decorating bridal chambers, etc., a series of things such as hiring a waiter, drummer, ordering banquets and renting tables and chairs should be put in place.

First, hire a trumpet player.

There are three kinds of trumpeters, one is to play the whole song with suona; One is to play China music with orchestral music; The first is to play the percussion music of Nannao with cymbals and drums. Drummers are barbers who do this as a sideline. They all wear red coats, gastrodia elata tonic, red tassels and a pair of Qing Dynasty costumes, while other drummers wear Ming Dynasty costumes.

Farewell sedan chair

Second, send a "silk box"

On the wedding day, the man's teahouse arranged to entertain relatives and friends; The chef in the kitchen prepares noodles and banquet meals; The host family sent a maid to the woman's house to give the bride a small rectangular suitcase, called a "silk box", with one cover and two bottoms. The box contains rouge, pink, silk thread and a pair of small earrings named "Lilac". Most of these are for the bride to dress up before getting on the sedan chair, but the silk thread is used to twist her face when the bride sits on the bill; The groom should be accompanied by the best man to take a shower and change clothes. Because marriage is said to be a small graduation, the groom can wear official clothes. Most people wear robes and jackets, mainly brown, purple and blue (after the Republic of China, there were many blue robes and jackets), and their feet wear silk and black boots. Wear a pair of golden flowers on your head, which say "Put on new clothes". The groom is not allowed to leave the new house until the sedan chair is issued and the hall rings.

Third, send a sedan chair

Sending a sedan chair is to send the staff in the bar room to pick up the bride with sedan chairs and other etiquette deacons. The departure time of the sedan chair is seven or eight in the morning. If it is far away, you have to leave early. At this time, the staff in the bar room took the handrail as a signal to inform the busy staff. Then, the waiter shouted, "All right, guys!" Trumpeter will play the trumpet to spread the message, first blowing in the direction of the new house, which is called the "ringing room". Then, knock the gong to clear the way, in order, or the waiter guided, followed by two pairs of people with golden flowers and boxes. The box contains a "doorpost", which was sent to the bride's house by the groom in the name of "pavilion niece" (the original doorpost was sent to the bride's house by the groom himself in a big sedan chair when he got married, commonly known as "big wedding"). Followed by flags, gongs, umbrellas, fans and other ceremonial deacons. In addition, four people must walk the red carpet. Because the sedan chair and the bride are not allowed to touch the ground directly, they must use the red carpet to cushion the ground, so these four people are responsible for pouring the red carpet. There is also a well-dressed "sedan chair boy" sitting in a sedan chair and two boys named "rooster pad"

At this time, the woman's family is also busy. In addition to preparing food for relatives and friends, a maid should be sent to the man's house to send 100 dumplings (100 dumplings, actually 96 dumplings left by the woman's house, 4 dumplings) for the couple to eat when they are seated, which is called "children's cake", commonly known as "children's flat food". These jiaozi were given to the man's house, and the owner put them on the kang table of the new house together with four side dishes. In Tianjin, a lovely person refers to a person whose husband and wife both have children, and the number of children is an auspicious number. If a child has five men and two women, one more and one less are lucky. )

When the male sedan chair and other parties arrive, the waiter hired by the woman's family will accompany the host family to meet them. When the bride's cousins, uncles and other close relatives carry the inner layer of the sedan chair to the door of the main room, they will quit waiting and all the accompanying instruments will play noisily.

Fourth, the top

As soon as the bride's sedan chair arrives, Quan Keren is responsible for helping the bride sit in the armchair arranged in the specified direction on the kang, put on her new red underwear, and then start combing her hair, commonly known as "head". Its hairstyle is to put each lock of hair across the head and tie it with a red velvet rope, which is called "catching a bun" and means "getting married". Wear 1 hairpin and 1 crown on the board head. The crown is made of a thick paper clip in the shape of a small round bowl, which is called "old crown" and should be taken down after sitting in the tent. When the bride reaches the summit, she steps on two ship models, which are called "happiness boats", each with its own meaning. One is called "Kirin Songzi" and the other is called "Hulu Wandai". I like boats and crowns worn on my head, and take the meaning of "official generation" to express my wishes for the smooth career of the groom and future generations. The bride should have a lollipop in her mouth, which means that the days ahead are getting sweeter and sweeter. At this time, two boys, the "rooster mat" sent by the man's house, were standing under the window outside the bride's house. The boy with the cock wants to hit the cock, which is called "hitting the cock on the head", and the boy with the mat walks around it.

Five, bright sedan chair, ironing sedan chair

While waiting for the arrival of the bride, the bride's family will hold a banquet for those who come to greet the bride. The food is of high quality and needs delicious food such as bird's nest and shark's fin. So it is also called "swallow wing mat". More cultured people will put the sedan chair in the courtyard, and all the lights on the top of their heads and accompanying lanterns will be lit, which is called "Ming sedan chair" to show generosity. The lighting time of a candle is 1 hall, usually 1 hall is the most, and some people want to burn 2 halls. At this time, extra money will be given to the bearers, drummers and deacons. In particular, we pay special attention to the hospitality of bearers, who like money more than others. The purpose is to let them lift the sedan chair steadily and make the bride suffer less. I would also like to invite an elderly woman in my family and neighborhood to take a look in the sedan chair with a lamp or mirror and say "look at the sedan chair" in order to drive away evil and ominous. At the same time, use an iron (internal combustion perfume) to walk around the sedan chair twice, which is called "ironing sedan chair", which means warm as spring.

Six, dress on the sedan chair

After the bride goes to the top, she puts on all the jewelry given by her husband's family when they change jobs, and then puts on her dress and wedding dress on the ground. The color of the wedding dress is extremely bright and the decoration is gorgeous. The inner layer is a set of red or plum satin underwear with a flared skirt and a flowered shirt. The flared skirt is a pleated skirt style in Qing Dynasty. This pleated skirt is made of red satin. It is decorated with red, yellow, pink, green and blue ribbons, which are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The ribbon is embroidered with pomegranate, gourd, peony and other flowers and plants. The hem of the ribbon is triangular and decorated with small bells, which makes it tinkle when walking, which is very pleasing to the ear, hence the name "bell skirt". The background color of the flower shirt is bright red satin, embroidered with flower patterns. There is a robe on his shirt. Wear green socks (you should not be seen by the groom when you visit the bride, so you should take them off and hide them in your sleeves before you get off the sedan chair) and Hong Xiuxie with soft soles (commonly known as "stepping on the bride's feet").

After dressing up, the bride got into the sedan chair. Previously, the bride was carried into a sedan chair by her brother. Later, as the bride's marriage age grew to her twenties, it was no longer suitable for her brother to hold. So, the bride had to put on a pair of big shoes on her brother's feet, and two people helped her back to the front of the sedan chair. She took off her shoes and stepped into the sedan chair. The bride's uncle and cousin came out to carry the sedan chair to the door of the main room and put it in the big sedan chair. These two ways are called not touching the soil of her mother's family, so as not to rob her of her fortune. The bride must not twist her face and body in the sedan chair. His left hand should hold a small silver ingot, and his right hand should hold a string of red ropes to make money, commonly known as "first-hand money", which means that he will not go to his husband's house empty-handed. At the same time, putting a small bronze mirror into the chest is said to avoid disasters, ward off evil spirits and specialize. On the way to the wedding, it is considered unlucky if two wedding sedan chairs meet.

Seven, the door closed.

The sedan chair is carried to the man's house and called "entering the door". No afternoon when you enter the door. First, stop at the door for a minute, and the groom's family will set off firecrackers to welcome them to drive away evil spirits. At this point, the groom's door is closed, and the bride must call "mom, open the door!" " After that, the man opened the door to marry the bride, calling it "closed sex". The purpose is to make the bride have no temper in her husband's family. After that, the trumpeter and etiquette deacon were admitted to the hospital, the sedan chair bearer pulled out, and the bride's uncle and cousin came out to carry the sedan chair to the main door. When the bride gets off the sedan chair, the groom will take out the bow and arrow in the bucket on the table of the Eight Immortals in the wedding hall and shoot three times at the uncovered bride. The bride will cross the brazier prepared by her husband's family in advance, all in order to ward off evil spirits and avoid disasters. Families with many "mother role models" should also let the whole person send vases and wickers on the altar to the heart of the sedan chair for the bride to hold in order to pray for peace and prosperity. The bride does not uncover the veil, covers the outdoor light with an umbrella fan, and walks into the bridal chamber on the red carpet to show that the bride's black feet are not stained with mud. The groom's family specially arranges someone to pour the red carpet. The red carpet, like the old custom of spreading sacks, means "carrying on the family line".

When the bride enters the bridal chamber, the groom must drag the red and green towels. Red and green towels are two silk square towels tied together, symbolizing that "red flowers should match green leaves", which shows the supremacy of men in the family. The groom's family sprinkled sorghum, millet, beans, money and fruit on the bride and groom, wishing them many children and plenty of food and clothing. This custom has been changed to sprinkle colorful electro-optic paper or spray gum ribbons.

For the time of marriage, ancient and modern times are different. In the past, it was important to marry a wife in the morning and a widow in the afternoon. Since the appearance of civilized marriage in the 1920s, it was changed to afternoon to marry a daughter-in-law, while the widow remarried in the morning. Today, the marriage customs in suburban counties and other areas still follow the old rules, and they marry their wives in the morning.

Eight, worship the church

Visiting the church is also called "worshipping heaven and earth". Usually held in the lobby. The layout of the wedding hall requires good fortune. On the head-on wall, there is nave's painting axis of "Harmony with Two Immortals", and on both sides, there are auspicious couplets such as "Cai Feng's double-dwelling and romantic dance, the perfect combination of jade trees and jade trees". On the table of the Eight Immortals, there is a colorful old man riding a car for the god of heaven and earth, with the words "Dragon Car of Heaven and Earth" printed on it. On the table, there is sorghum in a wooden bucket pasted with red cotton paper. There is a perforated horizontal plate in the middle, with three arrows inserted on it and a bow tied horizontally. Use a bronze mirror made of HongLing on the bow, insert 1 scale, and insert 1 bin. This is called "bow and arrow board". Put a wicker rose pasted with red paper on each side of the bow and arrow barrel, one of which is called "Aquarius", which is a double happiness. There are also fruits and apples with the words "Fu", "Lu", "Shou" and "Xi" written on the table, which are called "Happy Fruit". Another big incense burner is placed in the middle, with a pair of wax sticks on each side, burning red, dragon, phoenix and gold candles. The wedding hall is surrounded by books presented by relatives and friends, which are generally arranged by waiters according to seniority and closeness. There are many auspicious words such as "a match made in heaven" and "a match made in heaven" on the curtains. All the decorations in the wedding hall are pasted with double happiness paper-cuts.

The time to marry the bride should be chosen by astrologers. In the ceremony, the wedding ceremony is guided by the wedding ceremony. Two people can help the bride and groom stand side by side in front of the altar to worship the world, ancestors and parents, and then the husband and wife worship each other.

The words "Happy Birthday" are auspicious and festive, and rhyme. For example, "when a piece of sandalwood is carved into a saddle, the couple gets off the sedan chair, mixes with the noble people, spreads the red carpet, pours it on, and falls in front of the wedding hall." One worships Jade Emperor Zhang, and the other worships Gaotang to enjoy peace. Couples celebrate more than 100, and the bridal chamber is married. "

When kowtowing, set off firecrackers outside the wedding hall to celebrate. Everyone can take down the God of heaven and earth and take them to the hospital with the yellow paper shovel and give them to their parents, who will burn them in the brazier and kowtow to God.

Nine, sit accounts

After the ceremony, the owner can remove the weight from the wooden bucket and let the groom use it to remove the veil from the bride's head, which is called "lifting the veil". Then insert the weighing beam into the bucket, and the gold star on the weighing beam should face outwards. All the people will recite a happy song: "Lift the box with the curtain, and the bride and groom will follow ..." Then they will lead two couples into the bridal chamber. The couple sat side by side in the chair. When sitting, everyone is very careful, afraid that their dresses will be pinned down by each other (this is instructed by the proprietress in advance), so as not to suffer indignities in the future. After that, let's raise our glasses. The wine glass is tied with red velvet rope and made of coconut ladle. It is also useful to drink brown sugar water in the future, all to show the meaning of reconciliation for a hundred years, that is, the legacy of "eating in the same prison and drinking in the same container" as said in the ancient book. At this time, we will have dinner with our children and grandchildren. The bride should hang a red silk rice list on her chest (because most of the wedding dress covers were rented at that time, and the rich family also customized them at a high price, so they were well kept). The groom should take off his coat and hat and put on a cap. The groom's family (usually the mother-in-law) uses a pair of "children's chopsticks" painted with gold or engraved with dragon and phoenix patterns to pick up the little jiaozi in the "children's bowl" and send it to the bride's mouth. Jiaozi is mostly half-cooked, commonly known as "children eat flat". At this time, people around you asked, "Are you born?" The bride should answer immediately: "Health!" I wish the newlyweds to have children early, which embodies the concept of how happy people are to have more children. This set of etiquette is collectively called "wedding ceremony", commonly known as "sitting on the bill".

Ten, open face

Opening a face is a sign to identify whether a woman is married or not. The whole person can twist the hair off the bride's face with silk thread, so it is also called "face twisting". Then roll the peeled eggs on the bride's face a few times, and then make up the powder. Before getting on the sedan chair, take off the "cloves" worn on your ears and put on long earrings inlaid with precious stones. After you open your face, you should break off the bun you combed when you put it on your head, comb it again, and put on all kinds of jewelry, besides the gold hairpin pinned on your head, you should also insert a small round flower bud inlaid with jewelry, also called "crown". Its diameter is only four or five centimeters, which is related to the identity of women. At that time, concubinage was a common custom in large families, and the humble were completely determined by the royal power. People who have not been married by the Ming media are not allowed to wear crowns, red skirts and clothes. If the husband has an official rank, the wife will wear a blouse and feathers according to the husband's rank. When there is a birthday party, wear it to show your identity.

Eleven, avoid the crowd

After the bride enters the door, she will sit under the lamp of Kang's descendants and stay there for three days. During this time, relatives and friends can enter the bridal chamber to "meet new people", but there must be a special guard outside the bridal chamber to ask about the zodiac one by one, and no one is allowed to have some zodiac signs determined by astrologers (the so-called taboo is calculated according to the bride's zodiac signs). If the bride is a cow, the cow is ugly, and the next one is Yin, then it is forbidden to enter the bridal chamber, such as Yin Hu, Wu Ma, dogs, pregnant women, women who have been married less than 1 month or people who are in mourning, which is called "taboo".

The chef served the soup.

In the evening, the groom's family will hold a big banquet, so that all guests can enjoy drinking and guessing boxing, and get drunk, commonly known as "drinking the wedding banquet." Special attention should be paid to entertaining the bride's family. The first table of the banquet should be served by the woman's family and friends first. The bride's brother is a guest, and the groom's family should be especially respectful and dare not neglect. The last soup of this banquet must be served by the chef himself. At this time, the head of the bride's family should thank the chef on behalf of the bride's family and give the chef a red envelope with a gift.

Thirteen, bridal chamber

Making trouble in the bridal chamber is the second climax after paying homage on the wedding day. After the banquet, two pairs of seven or eight-year-old boys and girls must be allowed into the bridal chamber first. After that, people can flock to the new house and call them "new wives", "teasing daughters-in-law" or "Luther's daughter-in-law" to express their wedding congratulations to the bride and groom. At this time, regardless of the size of the generation, it is not taboo to make fun of it. There is a saying that "three days without size" and "joking is fun, and the more you joke, the happier you are."

At this time, the dowry mothers (mostly maids) left by the bride's family wanted to be entertained and begged for mercy from the bridal chamber. At first, it was usually the bride who sat on the kang and kept silent, and everything was hosted by the mother who accompanied him. Later, it gradually evolved into the bride and groom entertaining guests together.

At the wedding ceremony, the groom lifted the bride's veil with scales.

14. Quilt

The quilt is actually a local tent-laying ceremony in Tianjin. Mother-in-law asked Quan Keren to make the bed and warm the quilt for the couple, commonly known as "quilt", sprinkled with jujube, chestnut and peanut, and sang a cheerful song: "A handful of chestnuts and a handful of dates, girls and boys are running around" "Peanuts and peanuts are blooming, jujube and chestnut (morning). After laying the quilt, all people should bring tin lamps, fill them with sesame oil, add some honey, and then continue to light the grass and say "honey mixed with oil", which means husband and wife and beauty. After that, put a stool in front of the lamp, put a copper basin on it, put a tin lamp in the basin, and say, "Copper basin and tin lamp, feed the children and call Lian Sheng ..." When people hear happy words, the people concerned must take corresponding actions. If the whole person can say "take the basin, hold the nephew first", the groom's sister or elder sister will send the bedpan used by the newlyweds at night to the bridal chamber; If the sister-in-law is brought, the new sister-in-law must pay Xi money.

When the quilt ceremony was over, all the spectators were blown away and the couple rested. Because the oil lamp in the basin can't go out, you should fiddle with it or refuel it from time to time. So the bride mostly sits in the bucket, and the groom has to lie down with his clothes on.

Fifteen, eat mom's home-cooked meals

The bride can't get off the kang for 3 days after entering the bridal chamber. Moreover, it is not allowed to eat the rice of her husband's family, and her family is required to send a table of banquet rice every day. Every table of wine and rice in the bride's house is arranged according to the rules. For example, the first day was given by parents, called "takeaway rice" or "head table rice", which was brought with the bride when she got on the sedan chair; The next day was sent by menstruation; On the third day, it was sent by my brother and other colleagues. A red gift card with a 60% discount is attached to the meal, which reads "all wishes". The first paragraph on the back page says "I want to make a table at a wedding reception", and the next paragraph says "I am suitable for a family in a county". This custom shows the family's attachment and love for married girls. And the rice delivered is very rich, 16 dishes, 4 large bowls and 6 small bowls, commonly known as "serving". 16 dishes are divided into dry, fresh, meat and 4 o'clock. The staple food is mostly noodles, which means "longevity". Because brides don't go to the ground for three days, most of them dare not eat more and drink more water to avoid inconvenience. In order to satisfy hunger, eat only some dried and fresh fruits such as chestnuts, bananas and apples, or symbolically eat several bowls of noodles. During this period, the mother-in-law will also prepare four apples for the bride, which means "nothing is wrong", and after receiving the gift of "serving the table", she will write a 40% red thank-you letter in the name of the hostess to express her gratitude to her family.