The Compilation Team of the Draft of Qing History

Main editors: Guo Zengkui, Shen, Bao, Ke Shaowen, Wu and Miao.

Editors: Li Jiaju, Lao Naixuan, Yu Shimei, Jin, Wu, Li Ruiqing, Qi Ling, Tao Baolian, Yu Shiling, Wang Naizheng, Xie, Zhu Zhongqi, Wen Su, Yang, Yuan, Wan Bentuan, Deng Bangshu, Qin Shusheng, Zhang Yu and Wang Shisheng.

Xie Xiu: Song Shusheng, Zong Shunnian, Li Baoyu, An, Yu Biyun, Yao Yongpu, Luo Dunyi, Wu Guangpei, Yuan,,, Zhang Caitian, Zhang Qihou, Hanpu Village, Chen Jingdi and Chen Yi.

People who were later hired.

Ma Qichang, Yao Yongpu, Yao Yongjue, Tang Enpu, Liu, Huang Yizeng, Xia Zengyou, Wang Shunan, Xia, Wu Changmao, Rui Xun, Dai Xizhang, Zhu Shizhe, Shao Ruipeng, Tan Ji, He, Chen Zengze,.

Unemployed or not in the library for a long time

Jian, Yuan, Zhu, Wang Chonglie, Chen Nengyi, Fang, Shang, Qin, Shi Enhao (Pei), Tang Bangzhi, Chen Zengju, Lu Yu, Yu Jiaxi and Wang Yiyou.

Finishing and revising: Qi Zhongjia, Ye, Tian Yinghuang, Li Jinglian, Fu Zenggan, He (Luo), Xu Hongbao, Zhao, Hu Sifen, Zhu Xizu, Li Zheming and Zhu Fangqian.

Nominations: Chen Handi, Li Jingshe, Zhou,.

Applause: Xie, Huang Baoqi,,, Shang Xicheng, Rong Zhuo, Cao, Wen Bing, Meng.

General school pairs: Dong, Zhou, Qin Huatian, Jin Shan, Liu Jingfu, Zhao Baiping, Shi Xihua, Zeng Shuchuan, Zhu Yiren, Hui Cheng, Hu, Liu Ji, Wu, Xi Yin, Zhang Yuzao and Jin Liang.

There are 13 1 employees on it, and there are 1 17 employees before and after actually coming to the library, including 68 writers and more than 30 people.

○2 honorary editor and editorial board 100 people, not included.

○3 Actual contributors of the first three issues.

The first issue:1914-1916, the style is initially determined, and the opening funds are sufficient, so there are 66 writers in this library, including 8 editors, 5 editors 15 and 43 collaborators.

Phase II:1917-1926. Due to the current situation, tight funds and reduced salaries, many people leave their jobs without pay. There are only 24 writers left, and 2 new writers are hired, making a total of 26 writers, including 8 editors and 7 editors, 65438+.

The third issue: 1926- 1928. At this time, only 14 people insisted on writing in the museum, including 4 editors, 3 editors and 7 assistants. According to the standards at that time, those who participated in the compilation of the Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty "should have academic articles, with the ability to read history as the first choice, followed by those who have literary talent and can concentrate on writing stories." But this is only the minimum requirement for writers. Judging from the actual situation of employed writers, it also shows the following characteristics:

1. Most ministers stayed.

Among the contributors, most of them were bureaucrats born in the right direction of the Qing Dynasty, and a few standard-bearers were officials because of the contributions of their ancestors and fathers.

Ke Shaowen Guangxu Xu Bing (1886) was a scholar, an official in imperial academy and an official in.

Wang Shu-nan was a scholar in Guangxu Xu Bing (1886). He went to Shangshu, magistrate of a county, Lanlu, Xinjiang and Geng Xu, Xuan Tong (19 10) to strike and returned to Beijing, and never came back in the Republic of China.

Wu (1894) is a juror in Shuntian Town. He used to be a doctor, a sheriff and a policeman, and was then the director of the State Council Statistics Bureau in the Republic of China.

Xia was a scholar in the reign of Emperor Guangxu in Renchen (1892). He selected Jishi Shu from imperial academy, gave editing and editing, and edited the canon of national history, which was proofread by Wen Yuan Pavilion. Li Guan magistrate, Shanghai-Nanjing Shaotai Road. After the Revolution of 1911, he resigned and returned to Li.

Miao Guangxu Bingzi (1876) was a scholar, changed to a genus, and went out of the library for the first time the following year as an editor. After the change of Gengzi, Zhang Zhidong carried out the New Deal in Hunan, Miao actively praised Xiang, and went to Japan to inspect the educational administration. After returning to China, he founded Jiangnan Library.

Qin Shusheng was a scholar of Guangxu Xu Bing (1886), the magistrate of Yunnan, and took care of the East (West) Road, specially supplemented by Taoist priests, and moved to South Road, and moved to Yunnan as a provincial judge, Geng Xu (1650).

Wu (1892), a scholar, is the editor-in-chief. He used to be the editor-in-chief of the China General School of Huidian Museum, the educational administrator of Jiangxi, and the acting academic ambassador of Hunan. After Wuchang Uprising, he requested permission to go to Shanghai to serve his parents.

Yan Liang (1851-kloc-0/930), the grandson of Guizhou provincial judges, was sent to Hedong Road in Shanxi, Jingyi Road in Hubei and Xuzhou Road in Jiangsu during Guangxu period as a flag bearer.

Qishan Sun, a bachelor of Ruixun, the son of boring, the capital of Urumqi, and a scholar of Guangxu (1886), was recommended as a bachelor of cabinet and served as Counsellor of Kedo. Soon, he was denounced as a "harassment station". He begged himself, and the more he brushed his brain, the more disgusted he became.

The writer's experience and background of being an official in the Qing Dynasty first made them feel special about the former dynasty. It is their common goal to "repair the history of the old country, that is, to be grateful for the old country". Secondly, they are familiar with the code system of the Qing dynasty and understand the operation process of the political system. Most of them are civil servants, and some are directly responsible for compiling history and compiling records in the National History Museum. The compilation of dynasty history by the parties concerned is a special case of compiling the ancient history of China, which improves the speed of compiling history and the reliability of historical facts. The background of being an official makes most of them have strong organizational skills. Under the changeable and chaotic conditions, they coordinated their relations and worked hard to make the draft of Qing history a book.

2. Literati

Most of the main contributors are famous people, who read widely and have a deep knowledge of Chinese studies. Some of them are recognized experts and scholars today, which have laid a solid ideological and cultural foundation for the compilation of the Draft of Qing History.

Ke Shaowen, an expert in Yuan history, spent more than 30 years trying to collect, recruit foreigners, take exams, understand and collect old news, and wrote 257 volumes of New Yuan History. 1920, Xu Shichang contributed to its publication, and issued an order as the President to add the New Yuan History to the 24th History, making it the 25th History. Therefore, Imperial University of Tokyo awarded Ke Shaowen an honorary doctor of literature. There are self-carved poetry anthology "Liaoyuan Collection" and "Supplement to Selected Works" and other books.

When Wang Shunan was young, he read Lianchi Academy, which won the appreciation of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang. He wrote a lot, especially in primary school, and often used books such as Erya, Guangya and Xia Zhengxiao to textual research, which was unique in the academic circles in the late Qing Dynasty. He wrote 53 books and 685 volumes, covering exegetics, arithmetic, geography and so on.

Wang Shitong, a jurist, served as the director of the Ministry of Punishment in the late Qing Dynasty, consulting laws and regulations, revising law museums and formulating new laws. Later, Yuan Wailang of the punishments department was transferred to law school. At the beginning of the establishment of the department, I went to Japan to study, invited an investigation code and set up a law museum. In the Republic of China, the Ministry was represented by the then Deputy Minister of Justice. He resigned due to illness because he opposed Yuan's claim to be emperor. Pre-edited Sikuquanshu, co-edited Qing Confucian Case, Qing Poetry Notes, etc. , and wrote poems and poems of Fan Zhi.

Zeng Guofan's inspector Zhu in southern Anhui, recruiting talents, once wrote to Anqing, which was highly valued by Zeng Guofan. Later, I wanted to enter Zeng Guofan's door and appointed Jiangnan Official Bookstore. He is the author of Cui Wen and Notes on Thirteen Classics of Hanshu.

Zhu Xizu was a historian of Confucian classics and a bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty. He studied history at Waseda University, studied under Zhang, and created the Chinese phonetic alphabet. He is the director and professor of literature and history in China, Peking University. Advocating stylistic writing, advocating that the study of history should also manage politics, economy, law and society. His main works include Inscriptions and Postscripts of Ming History and Textual Research on Jizhong Books 1 1 species, with 58 volumes.

Liu presided over Alarm Daily, founded Tianyi Daily and Hengbao, gave lectures at Sichuan University for Nationalities, and later served as Professor Peking University. He has written more than 60 kinds of books, such as Primary School, Academic Description and Essay, School Translation Book, Poetry Collection and Reading Secretary.

In the first year of Xuan Tong's reign, Lao Naixuan was appointed as a member of the Institute of Constitutional Compilation, and concurrently served as a member of the Institute of Master of Education, the general supervisor of the university hall, and the deputy minister of the Education Department. Works are scattered in Yi An Lu, Textual Research on Ancient Calculations, etc. 14 kinds, 43 volumes.

Wu, an ancient philologist, was edited by the Hanlin Academy, by the Chinese General School of Meeting Point Museum and by Wuying Hall. He once went to Japan to study. He has done a lot of research on Zhong Ding's Ci, and he wrote The Interpretation of Yi's Instruments in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with a volume of 1 1 species 152.

At the end of Qing Dynasty, Wu served as the right political commissar of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and concurrently served as the editor of the Constitutional Compilation Investigation Museum and the political commissar of the Legislative Affairs Bureau. In the Republic of China, he was the director of the State Council Statistics Bureau. There are many modern anecdotes, including 9 kinds 100 volumes, such as Spring and Autumn Grass in Ming Dynasty and Wan Li Guanbaibiao.

Luo Dunyi was then the secretary of the presidential palace of the Republic of China and Yuan's teacher. Since then, he has been keen on the creation of traditional Chinese operas, and has edited such plays as Biography of Red Stroke and Peacock Flying Southeast.

Historian Yao Yongpu, specializing in classical annotations, is independent of history, primary school and phonology. He has taught in Guangdong Qifeng Academy, Shandong University, Anhui Higher Education College, Peking University Law and Politics College, Southeast University and Anhui University. There are about 18 kinds of his works, including hundreds of volumes, such as "A Brief History" and "She Si Xuan Yi Shuo".

Yuan Jiagu, editor of the Hanlin Academy, has served as director of the Department and Library Bureau and assistant editor of the National History Museum. The study of phonology in general, especially Guang Yun. He is the author of 7 kinds of 49 volumes, including Dianyi and Wo Tangxue's Poems.

Miao was a first-class editor, bibliophile and bibliographer of the Hanlin Academy in the late Qing Dynasty. He is one of the founders of Jiangnan Library and Shi Jing Library. He gave lectures in Nanjing, Zhongshan, Luoyuan, Jingxin and other academies, and spent his life studying literature and history, researching epigraphy, revising old books, compiling bibliographic answers, and compiling Shun Tian Zhi. There are 25 kinds, about 365,438+05 volumes.

Jin Zhaofeng literature historian and calligrapher, Jishi Shu of the Hanlin Academy, studying in Japan. He used to be an academic consultant of the University Hall, and served as an assistant editor of the National History Museum, an assistant editor of the bookstore, an editor of the Record Museum, and a proofreader of Wu Yingtang. He is the author of Collation and Supplement of the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Annotation and Supplement of Er Ya Guo. ○ 16

Ma Qichang is a dean and scholar, studying under Wu Zhifu, an ancient prose school in Tongcheng. Yi, Shu, Shi and Li all have books, totaling 17 kinds and more than 300 volumes.

The main contributors to the Draft of Qing History are literati, who are familiar with the classics, admire Confucius and Mencius and have a successful job. Most of them pretend to be historical (literary) posts, and the feudal thought of respecting the monarch and humiliating the officials is deeply rooted. Although the compilation of the Draft of Qing History provided them with opportunities to display their talents, the old ideas seriously affected the ideological and academic level of the Draft of Qing History.

3. Close contact

The writers and bureaucrats in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty are mainly Zhao Erxun, and the writers are mainly Tongcheng Classical School, with some standard-bearers. In actual writing, Tongcheng School has many main articles, mainly writing biographies and biographies of Han Dynasty. The writers of Qi nationality are versatile, and their main works are biographies and biographies. In the past, although the political precautions between Manchu and Han bureaucrats were deeply rooted and the academic views had a long history, the academic interests of the two factions gradually tended to be consistent when compiling the Qing history. In short, the members of the two factions are closely related, coming out of the same school, father and son follow each other, brothers follow each other, neighbors call each other, teachers and students are opposite, fame and fortune are the same subject, and classmates correspond, which can be described as a rich talent pool.

Tongcheng ancient prose school occupies a major position in the literary world of Qing Dynasty, "all articles in the world originated from Tongcheng Hu". Most of the main contributors to the Draft of Qing History are under this door. Ke Shaowen converted to the ancient prose school in Tongcheng and married the daughter of Wu Zhifu, a famous scholar in Tongcheng. Ma Qichang and Yao Yongpu are all from Tongcheng. They are all Wu Zhifu and Gao Zu in the same village. The second Yao is a brother, a descendant of Yao Nai in Tongcheng, and almost a brother-in-law of Ma Qichang. Mrs Yao Tai, Xia's mother, is a descendant of Yao Nai and was taught by Yao Nai since childhood. Xia Hemiao is a fellow villager, and his third sister married Miao. Zhu is Zhu Shizhe's father, Zhu Jiashi studied Tongcheng ancient prose, Zhu is Zhu Shizhe's cousin, and Xia's "Three Women Are Suitable for Zhu Fangzhe", so Zhu Shizhe called Xia "Xia". Qin Shusheng is a descendant of Tongcheng School in Gushi, and Zhu Shizhe is his disciple and his son-in-law. Among the Eight Banners, Yan Liang is Zhao Erxun's cousin, and Ruixun and Luo are cousins. Wu He is from the shogunate of Zhao Erxun. Wang Shunan, Ke Shaowen, Qin Shusheng and Rui Xun were the same scholars in the 12th year of Guangxu. Xia and Wu are the same scholars in Guangxu for eighteen years. After Qin Shusheng and Ke Shaowen became officials, their poems were sung together until the end of the Qin Dynasty, and Zhang Ertian learned from Qin Shusheng.

In a word, although the composition and personnel of the Qing History Museum are "far inferior to those who compiled the history of the Ming Dynasty", among the main contributors, especially those who compiled the third issue, most of the remaining ministers of the Qing Dynasty are scholars of the previous dynasties. They have close relations and show their own unique characteristics, which created conditions for the writing of the Draft of the Qing History under the conditions of scuffle among warlords and exhausted funds. "Being a member of the museum is equivalent to taking on half the obligations, both of them."

The difference between Chinese and foreign versions and internal versions in Qing dynasty.