Several types of Yangshao culture

The tribes of Yangshao culture inherited the traditional mode of production of various cultures in the pre-Yangshao period, and the agricultural production still focused on planting millet crops. The remains of millet are often found in important sites. For example, the pots and urns of a family in Anbanpo, Xi 'an are all filled with millet, and the remains of millet shells are also found in a small pit of another family, especially in one pit, where millet shells have accumulated several buckets.

Different degrees of millet shells have also been found in important sites such as Beishouling, Hu Quan Village, Xia Meng Village and Wang Wan. Another drought-tolerant crop, millet, was also found at Jiangzhai site in Lintong. Rice was found in Xiawanggang site in Xichuan, Henan Province, near the north bank of the Yangtze River. In addition, food remains have been found in Sunqitun, Linzhai, Xichuan and Xia Ji.

The above situation shows that the agricultural production within Yangshao culture is relatively developed, and the variety of food crops is not just a kind of millet. At the same time, people have also mastered the vegetable planting technology. In a house in Banpo ruins, a clay pot was filled with burnt tea seeds, such as Chinese cabbage or mustard.

2. Collecting, fishing and hunting

During the Yangshao culture period, the gathering, fishing and hunting economy of tribes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River played an important role. According to archaeological findings, there are hazelnuts, chestnuts, pine nuts, Pu Shu seeds and snails in the water. Others, such as plant roots, birds' eggs, honey and insects, are also collected, which is not much different from the past.

Near the clan camp, there are large and small rivers and relatively wide waters, and aquatic products are very rich, which is conducive to fishing activities. Stone and ceramic nets, bone hooks, harpoons and other tools are commonly found in the ruins, indicating that the fishing methods of clan ancestors at that time were net catching, fishing and throwing spears.

Many sites have painted pottery painted with fishing nets. There are often fishnet patterns and fish patterns in painted pottery vessels such as Banpo painted pottery pots, which is obviously a true portrayal of long-term fishing activities.

3, handicraft industry

The handicraft economy of Yangshao culture, like the agriculture and animal husbandry economy, is mainly engaged in self-sufficient natural economic activities, which has been widespread in the form of barter, and the bud of commodity economy has not yet appeared.

In each tribe, the productive labor of clan members is mainly divided according to gender and age. Some professional skills in handicraft production began to be mastered by clan members who have been engaged in and accumulated some experience for a long time. These professional divisions are not very clear and standardized. At that time, handicraft production was mainly pottery, stone, bone, leather, textile and weaving.

4. Pottery industry

The pottery industry of Yangshao culture is relatively developed, and the pottery technology can best represent the economic development level of handicraft industry at that time. From the archaeological findings, all tribes have mastered quite mature experience, including mud selection, plastic blank forming, firing temperature, and a series of techniques such as painting, sticking plastic and decoration.

5. Stone tool manufacturing industry

The stone tool manufacturing industry of Yangshao culture is relatively developed, and many tools were made in the early stage. The cutting and scraping tools made by direct hitting method are often rough without trimming. After the middle period, grinded stone tools have obviously occupied a dominant position, and the shape of tools has also been greatly improved, and the number has increased greatly. The ground stone tools unearthed from various sites are all made into blanks first, and then carefully polished to make tools.

In grinding, stone sawing and drilling techniques are widely used, and perforated stone shafts have been found in various locations. Perforation mainly adopts drilling, but shallow pits are often drilled before drilling, and some grooves are ground before drilling. The purpose of the stone-piercing tool is to better install the handle to make composite tools and further improve the production efficiency. ?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yangshao Culture